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Heterostraci
Taxonomy
Heterostraci was named by Lankester (1868).
It was reranked as the class Heterostraci by Gadow (1898); it was reranked as the order Heterostraci by Hay (1902), Jaekel (1911), Bryant (1932), Jordan (1963), Elliot and Loeffler (1989), Dineley and Metcalf (1999) and Elliott and Swift (2010).
It was assigned to Hypostomata by Gadow (1898); to Aspidoganoidei by Hay (1902); to Palaeostraci by Jaekel (1911); to Ostracophori by Jordan (1963); to Agnatha by Loeffler and Dineley (1976); to Diplorhina by Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977); to Chordata by Elliot and Loeffler (1989); to Pteraspidomorphi by Bryant (1932) and Dineley and Metcalf (1999); to Pteraspidomorphi by Elliott and Ilyes (1996), Blieck et al. (2002), Elliott and Swift (2010), Long (2011) and Elliott (2016); and to Pteraspidomorpha by Nelson et al. (2016) and Van Der Laan (2019).
It was reranked as the class Heterostraci by Gadow (1898); it was reranked as the order Heterostraci by Hay (1902), Jaekel (1911), Bryant (1932), Jordan (1963), Elliot and Loeffler (1989), Dineley and Metcalf (1999) and Elliott and Swift (2010).
It was assigned to Hypostomata by Gadow (1898); to Aspidoganoidei by Hay (1902); to Palaeostraci by Jaekel (1911); to Ostracophori by Jordan (1963); to Agnatha by Loeffler and Dineley (1976); to Diplorhina by Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977); to Chordata by Elliot and Loeffler (1989); to Pteraspidomorphi by Bryant (1932) and Dineley and Metcalf (1999); to Pteraspidomorphi by Elliott and Ilyes (1996), Blieck et al. (2002), Elliott and Swift (2010), Long (2011) and Elliott (2016); and to Pteraspidomorpha by Nelson et al. (2016) and Van Der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Amphiaspidiformes, Aporemaspis, Ariaspididae, Cardipeltida, Cardipeltidae, Cardipeltiformes, Ceraspidae, Corvaspidida, Corvaspidiformes, Cyathaspida, Cyathaspididae, Cyathaspidiformes, Drepanaspidae, Lepidaspidida, Lepidaspidiformes, Olbiaspidida, Palaeaspidi, Protaspidae, Psammolepis, Psammosteiformes, Pteraspidi, Pteraspidiformes, Strosipherus, Tesseraspidida, Tesseraspidiformes, Thelodontidae, Tolypelepidida, Tolypelepidiformes, Traquairaspidida, Traquairaspidiformes
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1868 | Heterostraci Lankester |
| 1898 | Heterostraci Gadow p. 4 |
| 1902 | Heterostraci Hay p. 339 |
| 1911 | Heterostraci Jaekel p. 32 |
| 1932 | Heterostraci Bryant p. 231 |
| 1963 | Heterostraci Jordan p. 584 |
| 1976 | Heterostraci Loeffler and Dineley p. 758 |
| 1977 | Heterostraci Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson p. 367 |
| 1989 | Heterostraci Elliot and Loeffler p. 884 |
| 1996 | Heterostraci Elliott and Ilyes p. 153 |
| 1999 | Heterostraci Dineley and Metcalf p. 11 |
| 2002 | Heterostraci Blieck et al. p. 811 |
| 2010 | Heterostraci Elliott and Swift p. 1874 |
| 2011 | Heterostraci Long p. 241 |
| 2016 | Heterostraci Elliott p. 1213 |
| 2016 | Heterostraci Nelson et al. p. 28 |
| 2019 | Heterostraci Van Der Laan p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868
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Fm. †Ariaspididae Elliott and Swift 2010
+
Fm. †Cardipeltidae Bryant 1933
+
G. †Cardipeltis Branson and Mehl 1931
+
†Cardipeltis bryanti Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis richardsoni Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis wallacii Branson and Mehl 1931
+
Invalid names: Cardipeltis oblongus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Cardipeltis sinclairi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Irregulareaspis Zych 1931
Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932
+
Fm. †Anglaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Anglaspis
+
†Anglaspis elongata Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis heintzi Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis insignis Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis macculloughi Woodward 1891
†Anglaspis platostriata Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Ctenaspidae Kiaer 1930
+
G. †Ctenaspis
+
†Ctenaspis conselatus Kiaer 1930
†Ctenaspis dentatus Kiaer 1930
†Ctenaspis kiaeri Zych 1931
Fm. †Dinaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
Fm. †Palaeaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Americaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1941
+
†Americaspis americana Claypole 1884
Invalid names: Palaeaspis Claypole 1884 [replaced]
Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Archegonaspis Jaekel 1927
+
†Archegonaspis integer Kunth 1872
†Archegonaspis integer schmidti Gelnitz 1884
†Archegonaspis lindstromi Kiaer 1932
†Archegonaspis ludensis Salter 1859
Subfm. †Boothiaspidinae Elliott 2016
+
G. †Boothiaspis Broad 1973
G. †Phyllonaspis Elliott 2016
+
†Phyllonaspis laevis Elliott 2016
†Phyllonaspis serratus Elliott 2016
†Phyllonaspis taphensis Elliott 2016
G. †Eoarchegonaspis Kiaer 1932
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†Eoarchegonaspis wardelli Ruedemann 1916
+
Invalid names: Cyathaspis vaningeni Bryant 1926 [synonym]
Subfm. †Poraspidinae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Homalaspis Kiaer 1932
G. †Poraspis Kiaer 1932
+
†Poraspis barroisi Leriche 1906
†Poraspis brevis Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis cylindrica Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis elongata Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis intermedia Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis magna Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis polaris Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis rostrata Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis sericea Lankester 1873
†Poraspis sturi von Alth 1874
†Poraspis subtilis Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis thomasi Elliott and Petriello 2011
Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930
+
Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei
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Invalid names: Americaspidae Fowler 1947 [empty], Irregularaspidae Kiaer and Heinz 1935 [empty]
Subor. †Siberiaspidoidei
+
Or. †Lepidaspidiformes Halstead 1993
+
Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933
+
G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843
Or. †Psammosteiformes Berg 1937
+
Fm. †Pycnosteidae Tarlo 1962
+
G. †Tartuosteus Obruchev 1961
+
†Tartuosteus zheleznogorskensis Moloshnikov 2007
Invalid names: Rohonosteus Tarlo 1962 [synonym]
Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940
+
Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984
+
G. †Anchipteraspis Elliott 1984
G. †Rachiaspis Elliott 1984
G. †Ulititaspis
Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983
+
G. †Canadapteraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Escharaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Gigantaspis Heintz 1962
G. †Loricopteraspis Halstead Tarlo 1961
G. †Miltaspis Blieck 1981
G. †Stegobranchiaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Zascinaspis Stensiu 1958
Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885
+
G. †Archaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Chiastolepis Eichwald 1844
G. †Holaspis Lankester 1873
G. †Kallostracon
G. †Mylopteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Scaphaspis Lankester 1865
G. †Sphagodus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Doryaspidinae Heintz 1967 [empty], Pteraspidinae Claypole 1885 [empty]
Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996
+
G. †Alaeckaspis Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Djurinaspis Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Doryaspidae Randle and Sansom 2017
+
G. †Woodfjordaspis Pernègre 2006
G. †Xylaspis Pernègre 2003
G. †Lamiaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Larnovaspis Blieck 1984
G. †Mylopteraspidella Blieck 1984
G. †Oreaspis Denison 1970
+
†Oreaspis ampla Bryant 1933
+
Invalid names: Protaspis nanus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Protaspis perlatus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Protaspis perryi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
†Oreaspis dunklei Denison 1970
†Oreaspis williamsi Denison 1970
G. †Parapteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Pirumaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
Fm. †Protaspididae
+
G. †Cyrtaspidichthys Whitley 1940
+
†Protaspis (Cyrtaspidichthys) ovata Bryant 1932
†Protaspis (Cyrtaspidichthys) sculpta Bryant 1933
G. †Helaspis
G. †Tuberculaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Protaspis Bryant 1933
+
Subg. †Protaspis (Europrotaspis) White 1961
Subg. †Protaspis (Protaspis) Bryant 1933
+
†Protaspis (Protaspis) brevispina Denison 1970
†Protaspis (Protaspis) bucheri Bryant 1932
†Protaspis (Protaspis) dorfi Bryant 1932
†Protaspis (Protaspis) mcgrewi Denison 1970
†Protaspis brevirostris Bryant 1933
†Protaspis cingulus Bryant 1933
†Protaspis constrictus Bryant 1933
Fm. †Psammosteidae Traquair 1896
+
G. †Drepanaspis
G. †Dyptychosteus Preobrazhenskii 1910
G. †Oredezhosteus Moloshnikov 2009
+
†Oredezhosteus kuleshovi Moloshnikov 2009
†Oredezhosteus livonicus Obruchev and Mark-Kurik 1965
G. †Placosteus Agassiz 1843
G. †Psammosteus Agassiz 1844
+
†Psammosteus arenatus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus granulatus M'Coy 1848
†Psammosteus maeandrinus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus paradoxus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus praecursor Obruchev 1947
†Psammosteus vermicularis M'Coy 1848
G. †Pycnosteus Preobrajenski 1911
G. †Pteraspis Kner 1847
+
†Pteraspis crouchi Lankester 1865
†Pteraspis dunensis Roemer 1854
†Pteraspis rostrata Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Plesiopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhinopteraspididae Novitskaya 2004
+
G. †Althaspis Zych 1931
+
†Althaspis leachi White 1938
Invalid names: Brotzenaspis Stensio 1958 [synonym], Cymripteraspis White 1960 [synonym], Pseudopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
G. †Pavloaspis Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Rhinopteraspis Jaekel 1919
G. †Semipodolaspis Voichyshyn 2011
G. †Unarkaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856
Fm. †Thelodontidae
+
G. †Coelolepis
G. †Dasylepis Pander 1856
G. †Dictyolepis Pander 1856
G. †Gomphodus Pander 1856
G. †Melittomalepis Pander 1856
G. †Pachylepis Pander 1856
G. †Prionacanthus Pander 1856
G. †Schediosteus Pander 1856
G. †Spirodus Kade 1858
G. †Thelolepis Pander 1856
Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available