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Capitosauria
Taxonomy
Capitosauria was named by Yates and Warren (2000). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Schoch (2013).
It was assigned to Stereospondyli by Schoch and Milner (2000); to Stereospondyli by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch et al. (2007), Fortuny et al. (2011), Schoch (2013) and Eltink et al. (2017); and to Superstes by Eltink et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Stereospondyli by Schoch and Milner (2000); to Stereospondyli by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch et al. (2007), Fortuny et al. (2011), Schoch (2013) and Eltink et al. (2017); and to Superstes by Eltink et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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2000 | Capitosauria Schoch and Milner p. 95 |
2000 | Capitosauria Yates and Warren pp. 84, 96 fig. 1 |
2007 | Capitosauria Schoch et al. p. 120 |
2011 | Capitosauria Fortuny et al. |
2013 | Capitosauria Schoch |
2017 | Capitosauria Eltink et al. |
2019 | Capitosauria Eltink et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Capitosauria Yates and Warren 2000
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G. †Benthosuchus Efremov 1936
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†Benthosuchus bystrowi Getmanov 1989
†Benthosuchus gusevae Novikov 2012
†Benthosuchus korobkovi Ivakhnenko 1972
†Benthosuchus lukyanovi Morkovin 2020
†Benthosuchus sushkini Efremov 1929
†Benthosuchus uralensis Ochev 1958
Invalid names: Benthosuchus bashkiricus Otschev 1972 [nomen dubium], Parabenthosuchus Ochev 1958 [synonym], Rasaurus Kuzmin 1938 [synonym]
Unr. †Capitosauroidea Watson 1919
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Fm. †Benthosuchidae Efremov 1940
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G. †Angusaurus Getmanov 1989
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†Angusaurus dentatus Getmanov 1989
†Angusaurus succedaneus Getmanov 1989
†Angusaurus tsylmensis Novikov et al. 1990
†Angusaurus weidenbaumi Kuzmin 1935
Subfm. †Syrtosuchinae Novikov 2016
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G. †Syrtosuchus Novikov 2016
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†Syrtosuchus morkovini Novikov 2016
†Syrtosuchus samarensis Novikov 2016
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Invalid names: Wetlugasaurus samarensis Sennikov 1981 [replaced]
Invalid names: Benthosuchinae Efremov 1937 [empty], Eocyclotosaurinae Morales and Kamphausen 1984 [empty]
G. †Capitosauroides Haubold 1971
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†Capitosauroides bernburgensis Haubold 1971
†Capitosauroides fuglewiczi Ptaszynski 2000
Fm. †Cyclotosauridae Shishkin 1964
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G. †Cyclotosaurus Fraas 1889
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†Cyclotosaurus buechneri Witzmann et al. 2016
†Cyclotosaurus ebrachensis Kuhn 1932
†Cyclotosaurus hemprichi Kuhn 1942
†Cyclotosaurus intermedius Sulej and Majer 2005
†Cyclotosaurus naraserluki Marzola et al. 2017
†Cyclotosaurus papilio Wepfer 1913
†Cyclotosaurus robustus Meyer and Plieninger 1844
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Invalid names: Mastodonsaurus cyclotis Quenstadt 1850 [objective synonym], Mastodonsaurus robustus Quenstadt 1850 [synonym]
Invalid names: Capitosaurus Münster 1836 [nomen dubium], Cyclotosaurus leptognathus Owen 1841 [nomen dubium], Hercynosaurus Jaekel 1914 [nomen dubium], Hercynosaurus carinidens Jaekel 1914 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Cyclotosaurinae Shishkin 1964 [empty], Heylerosaurinae Ortlam 1970 [empty], Stenotosaurinae Kamphausen 1989 [empty]
G. †Eocyclotosaurus Ortlam 1970
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†Eocyclotosaurus appetolatus Rinehart et al. 2015
†Eocyclotosaurus lehmani Heyler 1969
†Eocyclotosaurus randalli Welles 1947
†Eocyclotosaurus wellesi Schoch 2000
†Eocyclotosaurus woschmidti Ortlam 1970
Invalid names: Moenkopisaurus Shishkin 1960 [synonym]
G. †Eryosuchus Ochev 1966
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†Eryosuchus rajareddyi Chowdhury 1970
†Eryosuchus tverdochlebovi Ochev 1966
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Invalid names: Eryosuchus antiquus Ochev 1966 [synonym], Eryosuchus garjainovi Ochev 1966 [synonym]
Fm. †Mastodonsauridae Lydekker 1885
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G. †Cherninia Damiani 2001
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†Cherninia denwai Mukherjee and Sengupta 1998
†Cherninia megarhina Chernin and Cosgriff 1975
G. †Heptasaurus Säve-Söderbergh 1935
G. †Stenotosaurus Romer 1947
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†Stenotosaurus gracilis Kamphausen 1983
†Stenotosaurus semiclausus Swinton 1927
†Stenotosaurus stantonensis Woodward 1904
G. †Tatrasuchus Maryanska and Shishkin 1996
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†Tatrasuchus kulczyckii Maryanska and Shishkin 1996
†Tatrasuchus wildi Schoch 1997
Invalid names: Kupferzellia Schoch 1997 [synonym]
Invalid names: Capitosauridae Watson 1919 [objective synonym], Capitosaurus arenaceus Münster 1836 [nomen dubium], Capitosaurus bogdoanus Woodward 1932 [nomen dubium], Capitosaurus polaris Wiman 1914 [nomen dubium], Cyclotosaurus spitzbergensis Wiman 1914 [nomen dubium], Labyrinthodon lavisi Seeley 1876 [nomen dubium], Mastodonsaurus vaslenensis Meyer 1855 [nomen dubium], Parotosuchus dirus Chernin 1978 [nomen dubium]
G. †Mastodonsaurus Jaeger 1828
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†Mastodonsaurus cappelensis Wepfer 1923
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Invalid names: Cyclotosaurus mechernichensis Jux and Pflug 1958 [synonym], Mastodonsaurus ingens Trusheim 1937 [synonym]
†Mastodonsaurus giganteus Jaeger 1828
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Invalid names: Mastodonsaurus acuminatus Fraas 1889 [synonym], Mastodonsaurus jaegeri Holl 1829 [synonym], Salamandroides jaegeri Alberti 1834 [objective synonym]
†Mastodonsaurus torvus Konzhukova 1955
Invalid names: Batrachosaurus Fitzinger 1840 [objective synonym], Labyrinthodon Owen 1842 [objective synonym], Salamandroides Jaeger 1828 [nomen oblitum], Xestorrhytias Meyer 1842 [synonym]
G. †Odenwaldia Morales and Kamphausen 1984
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†Odenwaldia heidelbergensis Morales and Kamphausen 1984
Invalid names: Parotosaurus lapparenti Lehman 1971 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Paracyclotosauridae Ochev 1966
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G. †Stanocephalosaurus Brown 1933
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†Stanocephalosaurus amenasensis Dahoumane et al. 2016
†Stanocephalosaurus birdi Brown 1933
†Stanocephalosaurus pronus Howie 1970
G. †Paracyclotosaurus Watson 1958
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†Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki Mukherjee and Sengupta 1998
†Paracyclotosaurus davidi Watson 1958
†Paracyclotosaurus morganorum Damiani and Hancox 2003
G. †Parotosuchus Ochev and Shishkin 1968
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†Parotosuchus helgolandicus Schroeder 1913
†Parotosuchus komiensis Novikov 1986
†Parotosuchus nasutus Meyer 1858
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Invalid names: Capitosaurus fronto Meyer 1858 [synonym], Mastodonsaurus weigelti Wagner 1935 [synonym]
†Parotosuchus orenburgensis Konzhukova 1968
†Parotosuchus orientalis Ochev 1966
†Parotosuchus ptaszynskii Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2011
†Parotosuchus sequester Lozovsky and Shishkin 1974
†Parotosuchus speleus Shishkin and Sulej 2009
Invalid names: Parotosaurus Jaekel 1914 [synonym], Parotosaurus panteleevi Ochev 1966 [nomen dubium]
G. †Rewanobatrachus Schoch and Milner 2000
Invalid names: Bogdania fragmenta Yang 1978 [nomen dubium], Cyclotosaurus albertyni Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Deltacephalidae Maryanska and Shishkin 1996 [empty], Eryosuchidae Schoch and Milner 2000 [empty], Mastodonsauroidea Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Mastodonsaurus silesiacus Kunisch 1885 [nomen dubium], Parotosaurus turfanensis Young 1966 [nomen dubium], Parotosuchidae Schoch and Werneburg 1998 [empty], Yarengiidae Shishkin 1960 [empty]
G. †Edingerella Schoch and Milner 2000
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†Edingerella madagascariensis Lehman 1961
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Invalid names: Wetlugasaurus lehmani Ochev 1966 [synonym], Wetlugasaurus milloti Lehman 1961 [synonym]
Fm. †Sclerothoracidae Huene 1932
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G. †Watsonisuchus Ochev 1966
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†Watsonisuchus gunganj Warren 1980
†Watsonisuchus magnus Watson 1962
†Watsonisuchus rewanensis Warren 1980
Invalid names: Parotosaurus wadei Cosgriff 1972 [nomen dubium]
G. †Wetlugasaurus Riabinin 1930
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†Wetlugasaurus angustifrons Riabinin 1930
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Invalid names: Wetlugasaurus volgensis Hartmann-Weinberg and Kuzmin 1936 [synonym]
†Wetlugasaurus kzilsajensis Ochev 1972
†Wetlugasaurus malachovi Novikov 1990
†Wetlugasaurus vjatkensis Gubin 1987
Invalid names: Volgasaurus Kuzmin 1937 [synonym], Volgasuchus Efremov 1940 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Uhen 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Capitanian to the top of the Turonian or 264.28000 to 89.80000 Ma
Collections (276 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Capitanian | South Africa | Capitosauroides sp. (224581) | |
Induan | Australia (Queensland) | Parotosuchus aliciae (94541) Parotosuchus rewanensis, Parotosuchus gunganj (85560) | |
Induan | Greenland (Northeast Greenland National Park) | Wetlugasaurus groenlandicus (143870) | |
Induan | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Benthosuchus uralensis (37037) Capitosauridae indet. (195824) Qantas sp., Selenocara rossica, Samarabatrachus bjerringi (195805) Wetlugasaurus samarensis (192165 195870 195873 195877 196050 196051 196052 196053) Wetlugasaurus sp. (196044) | |
Induan | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Watsonisuchus sp. (101956) | |
Induan | Australia (Tasmania) | Parotosuchus sp. (136589 136591) | |
Induan | Russian Federation (Samara) | Wetlugasaurus samarensis (195796) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Samara) | Wetlugasaurus sp., Benthosuchus gusevae, Syrtosuchus morkovini (141240) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | Benthosuchus bashkiricus (141239) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Ivanovo) | Volgosuchus cornutus, Angusaurus weidenbaumi (28467) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Norian - Rhaetian | South Africa (Free State) | Capitosauridae indet. (107138 107148 107149) | |
Norian - Rhaetian | Poland (Slaskie) | Cyclotosaurinae indet. (85500) | |
Norian - Rhaetian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Capitosauridae indet. (107163) | |
Alaunian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Cyclotosaurus posthumus (47800) | |
Alaunian | Luxembourg (Diekirch) | Cyclotosaurus sp. (56047) | |
Rhaetian | Germany (Westphalia) | Cyclotosaurus sp. (218156) | |
Rhaetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Cyclotosaurus hemprichi (22684) Cyclotosaurus posthumus (139488) Hercynosaurus carinidens (139483) | |
Rhaetian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Mastodonsaurus sp. (72293) | |
Rhaetian | France (Lorraine) | Capitosauridae indet. (92109) | |
Turonian | Egypt (Aswan) | Capitosauroides sp. (138678) |