PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Acanthodes

Chondrichthyes - Acanthodiformes - Acanthodidae

Taxonomy

Acanthodes was named by Agassiz (1833).

It was synonymized subjectively with Acanthoessus by Hay (1902).

It was assigned to Ozinae by Dana (1851); to Plagiostomi by Gunnell (1933); to Acanthoessidae by Jordan (1963); and to Acanthodidae by Woodward (1891), Denison (1979) and Carroll (1988).

Species

A. australis, A. beecheri, A. bridgei, A. bronni, A. gracilis, A. guizhouensis, A. marshi, A. mitchelli, A. nitidus, A. ovensis, A. peachi, A. punctatus, A. pusillus, A. pygmaeus, A. rouvillei, A. sulcatus, A. wardi

Species lacking formal opinion data

A. dublinensis, A. kinneyi

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1833	Acanthodes Agassiz p. 3 figs. Vol I, Pl A, fig 1
1851	Acanthodes Dana p. 128
1891	Acanthodes Woodward p. 2
1933	Acanthodes Gunnell p. 288
1963	Acanthodes Jordan p. 591
1979	Acanthodes Denison
1988	Acanthodes Carroll

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata

Rank	Name	Author
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Chondrichthyes
subclass	Acanthodii	(Owen 1846)
order	Acanthodiformes	Berg 1940
family	Acanthodidae	Huxley 1861
genus	Acanthodes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Acanthodes Agassiz 1833

show all | hide all

†Acanthodes australis Woodward 1906

†Acanthodes beecheri Eastman 1902

†Acanthodes bridgei Zidek 1976

†Acanthodes bronni Agassiz 1833

†Acanthodes gracilis Beyrich 1949

†Acanthodes guizhouensis Wang and Turner 1985

†Acanthodes marshi Eastman 1902

†Acanthodes mitchelli Egerton 1861

†Acanthodes nitidus Woodward 1891

†Acanthodes ovensis White 1927

†Acanthodes peachi Egerton 1861

†Acanthodes punctatus Fritsch 1893

†Acanthodes pusillus Agassiz 1844

†Acanthodes pygmaeus Fritsch 1875

†Acanthodes rouvillei Sauvage 1883

†Acanthodes sulcatus Agassiz 1835

†Acanthodes wardi Egerton 1866

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

nektonicc

Diet:

carnivorec

Created:

2004-09-24 07:51:17

Modified:

2009-12-13 03:07:42

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Emsian to the top of the Sakmarian or 407.60000 to 290.10000 Ma

Collections (61 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Russian Federation	A. dublinensis (35710 35711 35713 35749)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Belarus (Vitebsk)	A. sp. (232875 232876 232877)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Belarus (Mogilev)	A. sp. (232954)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	Belarus (Gormel)	A. sp. (232956 232957)
Late/Upper Emsian	402.5 - 391.9	Russian Federation	A. dublinensis (35720)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian	402.5 - 387.7	Latvia	A. sp. (226510)
Eifelian	393.3 - 387.7	Belarus (Vitebsk)	A. sp. (232958)
Givetian - Frasnian	387.7 - 372.2	USA (Iowa)	A. dublinensis (226053)
Late/Upper Givetian	380.2 - 382.7	Estonia	A. sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3, A. sp. 4 (225778)
Late/Upper Givetian	380.2 - 382.7	Latvia	A. sp. (225777)
Famennian	372.2 - 358.9	Belarus (Homel)	A. sp. (232526 232528)
Middle Famennian	370.6 - 364.7	Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast)	A. lopatini (226045)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	Russian Federation (Tula)	A. sp. (225666)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	Russian Federation (Lipetsk)	A. sp. (225665)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	Russian Federation (Tulskaya Oblast)	A. sp. (176224)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai)	A. lopatini (232962)
Tournaisian - Visean	358.9 - 330.9	China (Gansu)	A. guizhouensis (120300)
Arundian	346.7 - 340.0	United Kingdom (Scotland)	A. nitidus (90682)
Visean	346.7 - 330.9	Belarus (Homel)	A. sp. (232527)
Asbian	340.0 - 336.0	United Kingdom (Scotland)	A. sulcatus (230471 230473 230477 230478 230479)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	United Kingdom (Scotland)	A. sulcatus (229842)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	USA (Montana)	A. lundi (116764 227065)
Bashkirian - Moscovian	323.2 - 307.0	United Kingdom (Cornwall)	A. wardi (232960)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	United Kingdom (Flintshire)	A. sp. (233397) A. wardi (233393 233396 233398 233402)
Kasimovian	307.0 - 303.7	USA (New Mexico)	A. sp. (217021 217022 217023)
Virgilian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (New Mexico)	A. kinneyi (216992) A. kinneyi, A. sp. (217070) A. sp., A. kinneyi (216993 216994)
Virgilian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (Kansas)	A. sp. (180633)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Czech Republic (Krkonose)	A. sp., A. gracilis (232614)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Czech Republic (Liberec)	A. gracilis (232993) A. sp. (231860 232994 232995) A. sp., A. gracilis (232996 232997)
Asselian - Sakmarian	298.9 - 290.1	France	A. sp. (34797)
Wolfcampian	298.9 - 286.0	USA (New Mexico)	A. sp. (181077)
Permian	298.9 - 251.902	USA (Oklahoma)	A. sp. (221392)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	USA (Kansas)	A. sp. (130816 130817)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)	A. sp. (197925)