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Gnetales

Cycadopsida - Gnetales

Discussion

"Ordo Gneteae" Blume in Martius 1835

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1835Gnetales Martius pp. XII, 11
1891Gnetales Fries
1919Gnetales Knowlton
1984Gnetales Meyen p. 90
2007Gnetales Cladera et al.
2008Gnetales Taylor et al. p. 1029

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
subkingdomEmbryophyta
phylumCycadophytaBessey 1907
RankNameAuthor
classCycadopsidaBrongniart 1843
orderGnetales
orderGnetales

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Gnetales Martius 1835
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G. †Alaticolpites Regali et al. 1975 [elaterate]
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†Alaticolpites limai Regali et al. 1975 [elaterate]
G. †Elaterocolpites Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [elaterate]
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†Elaterocolpites africaensis Herngreen 1973
†Elaterocolpites castelaini Jardiné and Magloire 1962
†Elaterocolpites castelainii Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Elaterocolpites castelani Herngreen 1973 [elaterate]
†Elaterocolpites pentarhetus Srivastava 1984 [elaterate]
G. †Elaterosporites Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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†Elaterosporites acuminatus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea acuminata Stover 1963 [synonym]
†Elaterosporites castellaini Jardine and Magloire 1965
†Elaterosporites klaszi Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea klaszi Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [objective synonym]
†Elaterosporites klaszii Jardiné 1967
†Elaterosporites protensus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea protensa Stover 1963 [objective synonym]
†Elaterosporites verrucatus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea verrucata Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [objective synonym]
G. †Steevesipollenites Stover 1964
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†Steevesipollenites cupuliformis Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites dajani Brenner 1968
†Steevesipollenites dayani Brenner 1968
†Steevesipollenites grambasti Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites pygmeus Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites sinuosus Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites stoverii Deaf et al. 2014
Invalid names: Gnetaceae Lindley 1834 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barremian to the top of the Early/Lower Eocene or 129.40000 to 48.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.0 Ma

Collections (238 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Jurassic - Late/Upper Cenomanian174.7 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites klaszii (139303)
Neocomian - Barremian145.0 - 125.0Sudan (South Kurdufan) Steevesipollenites sinuosus (172852 172853 172859)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Egypt (El Wadi El Gadid) Steevesipollenites sinuosus (139494 139496 139497 139499)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Morocco (Safi) Elaterocolpites castelani (137368)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Sudan (West Kurdufan) Steevesipollenites sinuosus (145173 145174 145176 145177 145178 145179 145180)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Colombia (Huila) Steevesipollenites cupuliformis (139374 139389 139401)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Sudan (South Kurdufan) Steevesipollenites sinuosus (145155)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Peru (Loreto) Elaterocolpites minutielateratus (144302) Elaterocolpites minutielateratus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144300) Elaterosporites klaszi (144301)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites klaszi (144965)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Sudan (West Kurdufan) Steevesipollenites sinuosus (145164 145165 145166 145167 145168 145169 145170 145171 145172)
Aptian - Cenomanian125.0 - 93.9Libya (Cyrenaica) Elaterocolpites castelainii, Elaterosporites klaszii (142508)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Sergipe) Steevesipollenites sp. (169822 169823 169824 169825 169831 169848)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Maranhão) Alaticolpites limai, Steevesipollenites cupuliformis, Steevesipollenites grambasti (150515)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Nigeria Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelani (137263)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Brazil (Sergipe) Elaterosporites klaszi (169727) Steevesipollenites sp. (169694 169695 169719 169722 169723 169726 169758 169759 169767)
Albian - Aptian113.0 - 113.0Cote D'Ivoire (Abidjan) Elaterocolpites castelanii, Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (137356)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Egypt (Matruh) Elaterosporites klaszi (137372) Elaterosporites verrucatus (137373)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Colombia (Huila) Steevesipollenites cupuliformis (139360)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Peru (Loreto) Elaterosporites klaszi (144967) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144971) Steevesipollenites dayani (144970)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Morocco (Safi) Elaterocolpites castelani (137369)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi) Elaterosporites klaszii (142247) Elaterosporites protensus (142244 142246 142249) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszii (142248)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites spp. (142221)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Guinea-Bissau (Carenque) Galeacornea acuminata (137255)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Peru (Loreto) Elaterocolpites minutielateratus, Elaterosporites protensus (144308) Elaterosporites klaszi (144304) Elaterosporites protensus (144309) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144310)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites klaszi (144954)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Nigeria (Maiduguri) Elaterosporites klaszii (139254 139255 139256 139257 139258 139259 139260 139263 139265 139266 139267 139268 139269 139271 139272 139273 139275 139277 139278 139279 139280)
Albian - Cenomanian113.0 - 93.9Senegal Galeacornea protensa (137241)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites klaszi (144966)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian112.03 - 105.3Brazil (Maranhao) Elaterosporites protensus (144237) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites protensus, Steevesipollenites binodosus (144235) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144230 144234 144236) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144233) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Steevesipollenites binodosus (144232) Elaterosporites sp., Steevesipollenites binodosus (144231) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Steevesipollenites multilineatus, Elaterocolpites castelani (142284 142285 142286 142287 142288 142289 142290 142291 142292 142293 142294 142295 142296 142297 142298)
Middle Albian109.0 - 105.3Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites klaszi (144957)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6Morocco (Tarfaya) Elaterosporites sp. 1, Elaterosporites sp.2, Elaterosporites verrucatus, Steevesipollenites spp., Elaterocolpites castelainii, Elaterosporites klaszii (144143)
Middle Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian109.0 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144955)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Saudi Arabia (AsSharqiyah) Elaterocolpites pentarhetus (137202)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144958)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian105.3 - 93.9Nigeria Elaterocolpites castelani (137270)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian105.3 - 93.9Peru (Loreto) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites dayani (144972)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Brazil (Para) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144297)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Israel (Southern Coastal Plain) Elaterocolpites castelani (144149)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Brazil (Maranhao) Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144218 144222) Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus (144224) Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144220) Elaterosporites protensus (144223) Elaterosporites protensus, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144221) Elaterosporites sp., Steevesipollenites binodosus (144228) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Steevesipollenites multilineatus, Elaterocolpites castelani (142277 142278 142279 142280 142281 142282 142283) Steevesipollenites binodosus (144226) Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144217 144219)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Senegal (Dakar) Elaterocolpites castelanii, Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (137360)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Elaterosporites klaszii (139337) Elaterosporites sp. (139329 139331 139333 139336) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites klaszii (139332)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Cote D'Ivoire (Abidjan) Elaterosporites protensus (137355)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Israel (Ramon) Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus (144298)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8Brazil (Sergipe) Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144279) Steevesipollenites binodosus (144280 144281)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8Nigeria (Gombe) Steevesipollenites binodosus, Steevesipollenites orbiculatus (163724)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Eocene100.5 - 33.9New Zealand (Canterbury) Gnetaceae indet. 1 (170890 170891)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Alaticolpites limai (144979 145096 145097 145098 145099 145100 145101 145103 145104 145105 145106 145107 145108) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144960) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144959) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites klaszii (139339) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Alaticolpites limai (145102)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Ghana (Sekondi-Takoradi) Elaterocolpites castelaini (142236) Elaterosporites klaszii (142230 142235) Elaterosporites protensus (142229 142232) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterocolpites castelaini, Elaterosporites klaszii (142238) Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszii (142231 142240) Elaterosporites verrucatus (142228) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterocolpites castelaini, Elaterosporites klaszii (142227) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus (142239) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (142223 142234)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (north Western Desert) Elaterocolpites castelanii, Elaterosporites klaszii (140448)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Senegal (Dakar) Elaterocolpites castelanii, Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (137361)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil (Maranhao) Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Steevesipollenites multilineatus, Elaterocolpites castelani (139464 142276)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5South Sudan Elaterosporites sp. (199988)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil (Sergipe) Elaterosporites sp., Elaterosporites verrucatus, Elaterosporites protensus, Elaterosporites klaszi (144290 144291) Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144289)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Brazil (Barreirinhas) Elaterocolpites castelani, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144295) Elaterosporites klaszi, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Elaterocolpites castelaini (144294) Steevesipollenites binodosus (144292)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Western Desert) Alaticolpites limai (145109 145110 145111 145112 145113 145114 145115 145116 145117 145118 145119 145120 145121 145122 145123 145124 145125) Steevesipollenites binodosus (142209)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Nigeria (Gambe) Steevesipollenites binodosus (144199)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5South Sudan Steevesipollenites cupuliformis, Steevesipollenites sinuosus (199994) Steevesipollenites grambasti (199998 200024)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (north Western Desert) Steevesipollenites grambasti (140410)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Egypt (Western Desert) Steevesipollenites binodosus (142210) Steevesipollenites spp. (142212 142213 142214 142215) Steevesipollenites spp., Steevesipollenites binodosus (142211)
Turonian - Maastrichtian93.9 - 66.0Cote D'Ivoire (Abidjan) Elaterosporites protensus (137357)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Egypt (north Western Desert) Steevesipollenites sinusous (140397)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Nigeria (Gombe) Steevesipollenites binodosus (163725)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Egypt (north Western Desert) Elaterocolpites castelanii, Steevesipollenites sinusous, Steevesipollenites binodosus, Steevesipollenites grambasti, Elaterosporites klaszii (140379)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Argentina (Mendoza) Steevesipollenites sp. (149816)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Australia (Tasmania) Gnetaceae indet. GDB (166977 167648 167659 167670)