PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Venericardia carolinensis

Bivalvia - Carditida - Carditidae

Taxonomy

Cardita carolinensis was named by Conrad (1848). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Vicksburg, which is in a Rupelian marine marl in the Byram Marl Formation of Mississippi.

It was recombined as Venericardia carolinensis by Palmer and Brann (1965).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

Cardita albasiensis, Cardita squamosissima, V. agriculturae, V. amazoniana, V. awamoensis, V. bisculpta, V. crebrisulcata, V. elegantula, V. forgemoli, V. globosa, V. horni, V. intermedia, V. liasina, V. liasinum, V. millegrana, V. nagaoi, V. okinoshimensis, V. quadriangulata, V. rutoti, V. smillina, V. turneri, V. withlacoochensis, V. monilifera, V. vestitoides, V. leonensis, V. gardnerae, V. guajirensis, V. sabinensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Cardita carolinensis Conrad p. 297
1939	Cardita carolinensis Gardner and Bowles p. 174 figs. pl. 36, figs. 1-4
1965	Venericardia carolinensis Palmer and Brann p. 325

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)

Rank	Name	Author
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Carditioni	Dall 1889
order	Carditida	(Dall 1889)
superfamily	Crassatelloidea	(Férussac 1822)
family	Carditidae	Fleming 1820
subfamily	Venericardiinae	Chavan 1969
genus	Venericardia	Lamarck 1801
species	carolinensis	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Venericardia carolinensis Conrad 1848

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitesuperf

Environment:

marinesuperf

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilef

Life habit:

shallow infaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindsuperf

Created:

2018-02-27 11:34:57

Modified:

2018-03-04 20:18:07

Source: g = genus, f = family, superf = superfamily

References: Eames 1951, Sanchez Roig 1926, Stanley 1970

Age range: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Rupelian or 47.80000 to 28.10000 Ma

Collections (23 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	USA (Alabama)	Venericardia claiboplata (81179 81182 81189 81190 81191 83805)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Alabama)	Venericardia claiboplata (81208 81209 81253 81254)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (South Carolina)	Venericardia carolinensis (99085)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Alabama)	Venericardia claiboplata (5312 5320 5321 5322 5330 5332 81266 81275 81278 81282 89615)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (Mississippi)	Cardita carolinensis (84137)