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Elephantini
Taxonomy
Elephantini was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. Its type is Elephas.
It was assigned to Elephantinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005) and Rohland et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Elephantinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005) and Rohland et al. (2010).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1821 | Elephantini Gray |
1997 | Elephantini McKenna and Bell p. 503 |
2005 | Elephantini Shoshani and Tassy p. 10 figs. Table 2 |
2010 | Elephantini Rohland et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821
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G. Elephas Linnaeus 1758 [elephant]
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Subg. †Elephas (Euelephas) Leidy 1858
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†Elephas (Euelephas) hysudricus Falconer and Cautley 1875
†Elephas (Euelephas) namadicus Falconer 1846
Subg. Elephas (Loxodon) Müller and Henle 1838
†Elephas beyeri von Koenigswald 1956
†Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970
†Elephas falconeri Busk 1867
Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Asian elephant]
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Elephas maximus hirsutus Lydekker 1914 [Malaysian elephant]
Elephas maximus maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Sri Lankan elephant]
Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847 [Sumatran elephant]
Invalid names: Elephas asiaticus Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Elephas gigas Perry 1811 [synonym]
Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier 1798
†Elephas melitensis Falconer 1868
†Elephas moghrebiensis Arambourg 1970
†Elephas nawataensis Tassy 2003
†Elephas planifrons Falconer and Cautley 1846
†Elephas priscus Goldfuss 1821
Invalid names: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931 [synonym], Hypselephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927 [synonym], Mastodon elephantoides Clift 1829 [nomen dubium], Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955 [synonym], Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924 [synonym], Pilgrimia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Platelephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Sivalikia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950 [synonym]
G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
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†Mammuthus chosaricus Dubrovo 1966
†Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
†Mammuthus creticus Bate 1907
†Mammuthus exilis Maglio 1970 [pygmy mammoth]
†Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
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Invalid names: Elephas haroldcooki Hay 1928 [synonym], Elephas scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus lamarmorae Major 1883
†Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825
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Invalid names: Archidiskodon nebrascensis Osborn 1932 [synonym], Archidiskodon scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
†Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 [wooly mammoth]
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Invalid names: Elephas boreus Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Mammuthus trogontherii Pohlig 1885
Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elephantina Gray 1825 [empty], Loxodontina Osborn 1918 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Collections (1108 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Mammuthus sp. (22344) | |
Neogene | Myanmar | Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas clifti (215569) | |
Neogene | USA (West Virginia) | Mammuthus sp. (123931) | |
Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Elephas sp. (76866) | |
Neogene | Taiwan | Elephas sp. (76865) Stegodon sinensis (76863) | |
Neogene | Taiwan (Taichung) | Stegodon sinensis (76862) | |
Miocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230) | |
Tortonian - Zanclean | Ethiopia | Mammuthus subplanifrons (22139 22162 22179) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Elephas sp. (144187) | |
Vallesian - Turolian | Italy (Foggia) | Mammuthus lamarmorae (33295) | |
Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Elephas sp. (183982) | |
Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Elephas nawataensis (22242) | |
Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Mammuthus subplanifrons (59167) | |
Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus primigenius (189573) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Tanzania | Elephas ekorensis (22046) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Ethiopia | Mammuthus sp., Elephas recki (22135) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya | Elephas ekorensis (232486) | |
Zanclean | Kenya | Elephas ekorensis (22234) Elephas sp. (22338) | |
Zanclean | Kenya (Turkana District) | Elephas ekorensis (21335 21336) |