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Elephantini

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Elephantini Gray
1997Elephantini McKenna and Bell p. 503
2005Elephantini Shoshani and Tassy p. 10 figs. Table 2
2010Elephantini Rohland et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
superfamilyElephantoidea
familyElephantidae
subfamilyElephantinaeGray 1821
tribeElephantiniGray 1821
tribeElephantiniGray 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821
show all | hide all
G. Elephas Linnaeus 1758 [elephant]
+
Subg. †Elephas (Euelephas) Leidy 1858
+
Elephas (Euelephas) hysudricus Falconer and Cautley 1875
Subg. Elephas (Loxodon) Müller and Henle 1838
Elephas beyeri von Koenigswald 1956
Elephas clifti Falconer 1857
+
Invalid names: Stegodon sinensis Owen 1870 [synonym]
Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970
Elephas falconeri Busk 1867
Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Asian elephant]
+
Elephas maximus hirsutus Lydekker 1914 [Malaysian elephant]
Elephas maximus maximus Linnaeus 1758 [Sri Lankan elephant]
Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847 [Sumatran elephant]
Invalid names: Elephas asiaticus Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Elephas gigas Perry 1811 [synonym]
Elephas melitensis Falconer 1868
Elephas moghrebiensis Arambourg 1970
Elephas nawataensis Tassy 2003
Elephas planifrons Falconer and Cautley 1846
Elephas priscus Goldfuss 1821
Invalid names: Elephantus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym], Hesperoloxodon Osborn 1931 [synonym], Hypselephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Leithadamsia Matsumoto 1927 [synonym], Mastodon elephantoides Clift 1829 [nomen dubium], Omoloxodon Deraniyagala 1955 [synonym], Palaeoloxodon Matsumoto 1924 [synonym], Pilgrimia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Platelephas Osborn 1942 [synonym], Sivalikia Osborn 1924 [synonym], Stegoloxodon Kretzoi 1950 [synonym]
G. †Mammuthus Brookes 1828 [mammoth]
+
Mammuthus chosaricus Dubrovo 1966
Mammuthus columbi Falconer 1857 [Columbian mammoth]
+
Invalid names: Elephas eellsi Hay 1926 [synonym], Elephas floridanus Osborn 1929 [synonym], Elephas jacksoni Mather 1838 [synonym], Elephas jeffersonii Osborn 1922 [synonym], Elephas maibeni Barbour 1925 [synonym], Elephas roosevelti Hay 1922 [synonym], Elephas washingtonii Osborn 1923 [synonym], Mammuthus imperator Leidy 1858 [synonym], Parelephas progressus Osborn 1942 [synonym]
Mammuthus creticus Bate 1907
Mammuthus exilis Maglio 1970 [pygmy mammoth]
Mammuthus hayi Barbour 1915
+
Invalid names: Elephas haroldcooki Hay 1928 [synonym], Elephas scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
Mammuthus lamarmorae Major 1883
Mammuthus meridionalis Nesti 1825
+
Invalid names: Archidiskodon nebrascensis Osborn 1932 [synonym], Archidiskodon scotti Barbour 1925 [synonym]
Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 [wooly mammoth]
+
Invalid names: Elephas boreus Hay 1924 [synonym]
Mammuthus trogontherii Pohlig 1885
Invalid names: Archidiskodon Pohling 1888 [synonym], Parelephas Osborn 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elephantina Gray 1825 [empty], Loxodontina Osborn 1918 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 20:09:03
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (1108 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Mammuthus sp. (22228) Mammuthus subplanifrons (22229)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Mammuthus sp. (22344)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Myanmar Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas clifti (215569)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58USA (West Virginia) Mammuthus sp. (123931)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Tainan) Elephas sp. (76866)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan Elephas sp. (76865) Stegodon sinensis (76863)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Taichung) Stegodon sinensis (76862)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Mammuthus subplanifrons (22230)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Mammuthus subplanifrons (22139 22162 22179)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Elephas sp. (144187)
Vallesian - Turolian11.608 - 5.333Italy (Foggia) Mammuthus lamarmorae (33295)
Baodean11.1 - 4.9China (Yunnan) Elephas sp. (183982)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Elephas nawataensis (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Mammuthus subplanifrons (59167)
Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene7.246 - 0.781Netherlands Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus primigenius (189573)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Tanzania Elephas ekorensis (22046)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Mammuthus sp., Elephas recki (22135)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya Elephas ekorensis (232486)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Elephas ekorensis (22234) Elephas sp. (22338)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Elephas ekorensis (21335 21336)