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Rhynchosauria (rhynchosaur)

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Rhynchosauria was named by Osborn (1903). It was considered monophyletic by Ezcurra (2016).

It was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Rhynchosauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the suborder Rhynchosauria by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the unranked clade Rhynchosauria by Long and Murry (1995) and Ezcurra (2016).

It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903); to Sphenodonti by Jaekel (1910); to Holosauria by Jaekel (1911); to Rhynchocephalia by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946) and Kuhn (1966); to Archosauromorpha by Gauthier et al. (1989), Long and Murry (1995) and Dilkes (1998); to Archosauromorpha by Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990) and Nesbitt and Whatley (2004); and to Crocopoda by Ezcurra (2016).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1903Rhynchosauria Osborn pp. 456, 477
1904Gnathodontia Osborn p. 110
1910Rhynchosauri Jaekel p. 333
1911Rhynchosauri Jaekel p. 146
1937Rhynchosauria Roxo p. 44
1946Rhynchosauria Kuhn p. 62
1966Rhynchosauria Kuhn p. 37
1985Rhynchosauria Benton p. 154
1988Rhynchosauria Carroll
1989Rhynchosauria Gauthier et al. p. 345
1990Rhynchosauria Benton p. 13
1995Rhynchosauria Long and Murry
1998Rhynchosauria Dilkes p. 503
2004Rhynchosauria Nesbitt and Whatley p. 3
2016Rhynchosauria Ezcurra

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—Rhynchosauria()
—Rhynchosauria()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Rhynchosauria Osborn 1903 [rhynchosaur]
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G. †Eohyosaurus Butler et al. 2015
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†Eohyosaurus wolvaardti Butler et al. 2015
G. †Howesia Broom 1905
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†Howesia browni Broom 1905
Subor. †Mesosuchidia Haughton 1924
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Fm. †Mesosuchidae Haughton 1924
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Invalid names: Gnathodontidae Broom [synonym]
G. †Mesosuchus Watson 1912
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†Mesosuchus browni Watson 1912
G. †Noteosuchus Broom 1925
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†Noteosuchus colletti Watson 1912
Invalid names: Eosuchus Watson 1912 [replaced]
Unr. †Rhynchosauridae Cope 1871
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G. †Bentonyx Langer et al. 2010
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†Bentonyx sidensis Langer et al. 2010
G. †Fodonyx Hone and Benton 2008
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†Fodonyx spenceri Benton 1990
Unr. †Hyperodapedontinae Chatterjee 1969
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G. †Hyperodapedon Huxley 1859
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†Hyperodapedon gordoni Huxley 1859
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Invalid names: Stenometopon taylori Boulenger 1903 [synonym]
†Hyperodapedon huenei Langer and Schultz 2000
†Hyperodapedon huxleyi Lydekker 1881
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Invalid names: Paradapedon indicus Huene 1940 [synonym]
†Hyperodapedon mariensis Tupi-Caldas 1933
†Hyperodapedon stockleyi Boonstra 1953
†Hyperodapedon tikiensis Mukherjee and Ray 2015
Invalid names: Cephalonia Huene 1940 [synonym], Cephalonia lotziana Huene 1942 [nomen dubium], Macrocephalosaurus Tupi-Caldas 1933 [synonym], Paradapedon Huene 1938 [synonym], Scaphonyx Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx australis Huene 1926 [nomen dubium], Scaphonyx fischeri Woodward 1907 [nomen dubium], Stenometopon Boulenger 1903 [synonym], Supradapedon Chatterjee 1980 [synonym]
G. †Isalorhynchus Buffetaut 1983
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†Isalorhynchus genovefae Buffetaut 1983
G. †Oryctorhynchus Sues et al. 2020
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†Oryctorhynchus bairdi Sues et al. 2020
G. †Otischalkia Hunt and Lucas 1991
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†Otischalkia elderae Hunt and Lucas 1991
G. †Teyumbaita Montefeltro et al. 2010
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†Teyumbaita sulcognathus Azevedo and Schultz 1987
Invalid names: Scaphonyx africanus Boonstra 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. †Langeronyx Ezcurra et al. 2016
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†Langeronyx brodiei Benton 1990
G. †Rhynchosaurus Owen 1842
Subfm. †Stenaulorhynchinae Kuhn 1933
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G. †Ammorhynchus Nesbitt and Whatley 2004
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†Ammorhynchus navajoi Nesbitt and Whatley 2004
G. †Brasinorhynchus Schultz et al. 2016
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†Brasinorhynchus mariantensis Schultz et al. 2016
G. †Elorhynchus Ezcurra et al. 2020
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†Elorhynchus carrolli Ezcurra et al. 2020
G. †Mesodapedon Chatterjee 1980
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†Mesodapedon kuttyi Chatterjee 1980
G. †Stenaulorhynchus Haughton 1932
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†Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi Haughton 1932
Invalid names: Rhynchosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Scaphonychidae Huene 1948 [synonym]
Subor. †Rhynchosauroidea Nopcsa 1928
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Invalid names: Howesiidae Watson 1917 [empty]
Invalid names: Gnathodontia Owen 1859 [synonym], Hyperodapedontidae Lydekker 1885 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1903Probably littoral, shell-eating Diaptosauria. Premaxillaries decurved, edentulous. Maxillaries edentulous. Palatines (palatopterygoids) with small tesselated teeth. A single narial opening. Vertebrae amphicoelous, imperforate. Interciavicle T-shaped. Coracoid and procoracoid suturally separate (in certain forms). Pubis and ischium more or less continuous.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Diet: herbivoreo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:37:19
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:37:19
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Benton 1983

Age range: base of the Induan to the top of the Tuvalian or 252.17000 to 221.50000 Ma

Collections (121 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Induan252.17 - 251.2South Africa (Eastern Cape) Eosuchus colletti (85942)
Aegean - Bithynian247.2 - 242.0USA (Arizona) Ammorhynchus navajoi (49853 49854 49855 49856)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0United Kingdom (England) Hyperodapedon sp. (88984) Rhynchosauridae indet., Hyperodapedon gordoni (57944) Rhynchosaurus brodiei (97695) Rhynchosaurus spenceri (88950 88951 88953 88954 88955 88956 88957 88959 88960 88961 88962 88963 88964 88965 88966 88968 88969 88970 88973 88974 88993 88994)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Tanzania (Ruvuma) Stenaulorhynchus sp. (64085 194380)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0South Africa (Eastern Cape) Howesia browni (144344) Mesosuchus browni (85943)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Rhynchosauria indet. (136644 136645)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0South Africa (Free State) Eohyosaurus wolvaardti (171026)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Tanzania (Iringa) Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi (55756)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Mesodapedon kuttyi (136648)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0United Kingdom (England) Hyperodapedon gordoni (24666)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0United Kingdom (England) Rhynchosaurus brodiei (34402)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Rhynchosauria new species (105604)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Argentina (La Rioja) Rhynchosauridae indet., Rhynchosauria indet. (195243)
Ladinian - Carnian242.0 - 228.0Argentina (Rioja) Stenaulorhynchinae indet., Elorhynchus carrolli (218114)
Ladinian - Carnian242.0 - 228.0Madagascar (Toliara) Isalorhynchus genovefae (96207 96221) Rhynchosauria indet. (100373) Rhynchosauria nov. sp., Isalorhynchus genovefae (96283)
Ladinian - Carnian242.0 - 228.0Argentina (La Rioja) Rhynchosauridae indet. (218115)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0USA (Texas) Rhynchosauridae indet. (84271)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Zimbabwe (Mashonaland Central) Hyperodapedon sp. (48460 94781 94782) Hyperodapedontinae indet. (228330 228331 228332 228333 228334)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Hyperodapedon sp. (107286) Oryctorhynchus bairdi (80074 80079)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Poland (Slaskie) Rhynchosauridae indet. (110468)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0USA (Wyoming) Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (91493)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Argentina (San Juan) Rhynchosauria indet. (52742 52747) Rhynchosaurinae indet. (49007) Scaphonyx sp. (47036 47037 131436)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Hyperodapedon huxleyi (94787) Hyperodapedon tikiensis (174029) Paradapedon huxleyi (105292 207798)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5India (Andhra Pradesh) Paradapedon huxleyi (98628 136899 136902 136903) Rhynchosauria indet. (174030)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5India (Telangana) Hyperodapedon huxleyi, Paradapedon indicus (112285)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5India (Madhya Pradesh) Hyperodapedon tikiensis (218155)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5Tanzania (Ruvuma) Scaphonyx stockleyi, Scaphonyx africanus (98625)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5United Kingdom (Scotland) Hyperodapedon gordoni (89008 89012) Stenometopon taylori, Hyperodapedon gordoni (57948)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5USA (Texas) Otischalkia elderae (71982) Rhynchosauria indet. (12942) Rhynchosauridae indet. (22704 22707)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Cephalonia lotziana (72088 72089 99381 99382 99407) Cephalonia lotziana, Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (99410) Hyperodapedon huenei, Hyperodapedon mariensis (92319) Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (105825) Hyperodapedon sp. (92320 98623 102346 175572) Rhynchosauria indet. (56189 88202 88203 88204) Scaphonyx fischeri (13220 38250 72086 72090 72137 72138 72139 99409 99411) Scaphonyx fischeri, Cephalonia lotziana (72136)
Tuvalian232.0 - 221.5Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Hyperodapedon sp. (196709)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (New Mexico) Rhynchosauridae indet. (48516)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis (102340) Scaphonyx fischeri (72087) Scaphonyx sulcognathus (102339) Teyumbaita sulcognathus (102348)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Arizona) Rhynchosauridae indet. (48423)