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Taxonomy
Ennucula was named by Iredale (1931) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 899]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Nucula (Ennucula) by Berry (1947), da Silva Forti (1969), Hertlein and Grant (1972); it was synonymized subjectively with Leionucula by Stilwell (1993), Spencer et al. (2004).
It was assigned to Nucula by Berry (1947), da Silva Forti (1969), Hertlein and Grant (1972); to Nuculoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Nuculominae by Maxwell (1992), Beu (2006), Anelli et al. (2006); and to Nuculidae by Coan et al. (2000), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008), Huber (2010), Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012).
It was reranked as Nucula (Ennucula) by Berry (1947), da Silva Forti (1969), Hertlein and Grant (1972); it was synonymized subjectively with Leionucula by Stilwell (1993), Spencer et al. (2004).
It was assigned to Nucula by Berry (1947), da Silva Forti (1969), Hertlein and Grant (1972); to Nuculoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Nuculominae by Maxwell (1992), Beu (2006), Anelli et al. (2006); and to Nuculidae by Coan et al. (2000), Nielson and Valdovinos (2008), Huber (2010), Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012).
Species
E. aegeensis, E. cardara (syn. Leda phenaxia, Nucula (Leionucula) yaquinae), E. colombiana, E. convexa, E. corbuloides (syn. Nucula corbuliformis), E. cumingii, E. dalmasi, E. delphinodonta, E. frigida, E. grayi, E. linki, E. mirifica, E. musculosa, E. niponica, E. nuculana (syn. Nucula washingtonensis), E. obliqua, E. puelcha, E. siberutensis, E. strangei, E. superba, E. tenisoni (syn. Nucula tumida), E. tenuis (syn. Nucula (Ennucula) balboana, Leionucula ovatotruncata, Nucula expansa, Nucula (Leionucula) leptodonta, Nucula bellotii, Nucula (Ennucula) microsperma, Nucula quirica), E. uruguayensis, E. whatu, Nucula (Ennucula) docilis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1931 | Ennucula Iredale |
| 1947 | Nucula (Ennucula) Berry |
| 1969 | Nucula (Ennucula) da Silva Forti p. 64 |
| 1972 | Nucula (Ennucula) Hertlein and Grant p. 145 |
| 1992 | Ennucula Maxwell p. 55 |
| 2000 | Ennucula Coan et al. p. 76 |
| 2002 | Ennucula Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Ennucula Anelli et al. p. 116 |
| 2006 | Ennucula Beu p. 159 |
| 2008 | Ennucula Nielson and Valdovinos p. 203 |
| 2010 | Ennucula Huber p. 85 |
| 2012 | Ennucula Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 38 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ennucula Iredale 1931
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Ennucula aegeensis Forbes 1844 [Aegean Nut Clam]
Ennucula cardara Dall 1916
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Invalid names: Leda phenaxia Dall 1916 [synonym], Nucula (Leionucula) yaquinae Bernard 1983 [synonym]
Ennucula colombiana Dall 1908
Ennucula convexa Sowerby 1833
Ennucula cumingii Hinds 1843
Ennucula dalmasi Dautzenberg 1900
Ennucula delphinodonta Mighels and Adams 1842 [Dolphin-toothed Nut Clam]
†Ennucula frigida Anelli et al. 2006
Ennucula grayi d'Orbigny 1846
Ennucula linki Dall 1916
Ennucula mirifica Dall 1907
†Ennucula musculosa Anelli et al. 2006
Ennucula niponica Smith 1885
Ennucula obliqua Lamarck 1819
Ennucula puelcha d'Orbigny 1842
Ennucula siberutensis Thiele and Jaeckel 1931
Ennucula strangei Adams 1856
Ennucula superba Hedley 1902
Ennucula tenuis Montagu 1808
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Invalid names: Leionucula ovatotruncata Scarlato 1981 [synonym], Nucula (Ennucula) balboana Hertlein and Grant 1972 [synonym], Nucula (Ennucula) microsperma Berry 1947 [synonym], Nucula (Leionucula) leptodonta Bernard 1983 [synonym], Nucula bellotii Adams 1856 [synonym], Nucula expansa Reeve 1855 [synonym], Nucula quirica Dall 1916 [synonym]
Ennucula uruguayensis Smith 1880
†Ennucula whatu Maxwell 1992
†Nucula (Ennucula) docilis Olsson 1964
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Carnian to the top of the Holocene or 237.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 228.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 228.0 Ma
Collections (61 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carnian | Italy | Nucula expansa (164208) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | New Zealand (Canterbury) | E. whatu (45037) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Australia (Victoria) | E. tenisoni (71236) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Antarctica | E. greyi (181596) E. sp., E. grayi (181567) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | E. sp. (91619) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | E. tenisoni (71239) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | Nucula washingtonensis (167645) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Antarctica | E. frigida (75591) E. musculosa (75593) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Australia (Tasmania) | Nucula tumida (72221) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Oregon) | Nucula nuculana (39805) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan | E. sp. (203413) | |
| Langhian | USA (Oregon) | Nucula nuculana (39799 39804) Nuculana nuculana (39807) | |
| Langhian | Japan | E. osawanoensis, E. sp. (44961) E. sp. (44958 179868 179869) | |
| Middle Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Nucula tumida (72206) | |
| Serravallian | Japan | E. praenipponica (44962) | |
| Waiauan | New Zealand | E. sp., E. otamaringaensis (63089) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Australia (South Australia) | Nucula beachportensis (63439) Nucula kalimnae (63433 63435) Nucula kalimnae, Nucula venusta (63432) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Manabi) | Nucula docilis (60772) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Venezuela (Sucre) | Nucula mareana (41541 41542) | |
| Zanclean | United Kingdom (England) | Nucula tenuis (84763) | |
| Pliocene | Japan | E. sp. (97078) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malaysia | Nucula cumingi (72097 72098) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | United Kingdom (England) | Nucula tenuis (84764 84798) | |
| Piacenzian | Japan | E. nipponica (97077) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Nucula tenuis (98112) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greenland | Nucula tenuis (75092 75099) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Chile | E. grayi (89241) | |
| Calabrian | Greece | E. aegeensis (190371) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greenland | Nuculoma belloti (75197 75200) | |
| Middle Pleistocene (late glacial) | Canada (New Brunswick) | Nucula tenuis (210895) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Nucula cardara (222663 223301) Nucula microsperma (203119) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Maine) | Nucula expansa (66355 66356 66357) Nucula expansa, Nucula tenuis (66339) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Uruguay | E. puelcha, E. uruguayensis (195933) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Nucula tenuis (84832) | |
| Holocene | Canada (New Brunswick) | Nucula expansa (66532) | |
| Holocene | Brazil | Nucula puelcha (72120 72121 72122) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Nucula expansa (66432 66437 66448) |