PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Phestia

Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Polidevciidae

Taxonomy

Phestia was named by Chernyshev (1951) [Sepkoski's age data: D Give Tr l Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is the type genus of Phestiinae.

It was assigned to Nuculitidae by Bradshaw (1999); to Nuculoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Phestiinae by Bouchet et al. (2010) and Pagani and Ferrari (2011); and to Nuculanidae by Hayami and Kase (1977), Fang and Cope (2004), Fang (2006) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. ahrendi, P. arenacea, P. bellistriata, P. hegani, P. kasanensis, P. omolonica, P. ovata, P. pluvia, P. ranfti, P. suggatei, P. viator

Synonyms

Phestia guizhouensis was named by Xu (1980) [Also attributed to Wen & Xu, p. 11].

It was considered a nomen nudum by Xu (1980).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1951	Phestia Chernyshev
1977	Phestia Hayami and Kase
1980	Phestia guizhouensis Xu p. 4
1999	Phestia Bradshaw
2002	Phestia Sepkoski
2004	Phestia Fang and Cope
2006	Phestia Fang
2010	Phestia Bouchet et al.
2011	Phestia Pagani and Ferrari pp. 361 - 362
2014	Phestia Ros-Franch et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Protobranchia	(Pelseneer 1889)
superorder	Nuculaniformii	Carter et al. 2000
order	Nuculanida	(Carter et al. 2000)
superfamily	Nuculanoidea	Adams and Adams 1858
family	Polidevciidae	Kumpera 1960
subfamily	Phestiinae	Logan 1967
genus	Phestia	Chernyshev 1951

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Phestia Chernyshev 1951

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†Phestia basedowi Etheridge Jr. 1907

†Phestia corrugata Hoare et al. 1989

†Phestia darwini de Koninck 1877

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Invalid names: Tellinomya etheridgei Johnston 1887 [synonym]

†Phestia elongata Vaillant-Couturier Treat 1933

†Phestia hunanensis Ku and Chen 1963

†Phestia inflata Morningstar 1922

†Phestia inflatiformis Chernyshev 1939

†Phestia jamesi Biakov 2002

†Phestia lusabaensis Dickins 1999

†Phestia nova Waterhouse 1983

†Phestia obtusa Hoare et al. 1989

†Phestia pandoraeformis Stevens 1858

†Phestia perumbonata White 1880

†Phestia rugodorsata Easton 1962

†Phestia sabattinae Pagani 2004

†Phestia sinuata Dembskaja 1972

†Phestia speluncaria Geinitz 1848

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Invalid names: Leda vinti King 1848 [synonym]

†Phestia subacuta Waagen 1881

†Phestia thompsoni Reed 1932

†Phestia undosa Muromtseva 1984

†Phestia wortheni Hoare et al. 1989

†Phestia zhejiangensis Liu 1976

Invalid names: Phestia guizhouensis Xu 1980 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
shell height	29	5.60	-	-	-	-
valve height	37	6.48	0.938	25.3	6.10	5.49

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilesuperf

Life habit:

infaunalsuperf

Diet:

deposit feedersuperf

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2009-09-09 13:26:01

Modified:

2009-09-09 15:26:01

Source: superf = superfamily, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926

Age range: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Changhsingian or 419.20000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (288 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Australia (Victoria)	P. sp. (7196)
Early/Lower Devonian	419.2 - 393.3	Antarctica	P. viator (35565)
Pragian - Emsian	410.8 - 393.3	Turkey (Istanbul)	P. securiformis (32470)
Early/Lower Emsian	409.1 - 402.5	Morocco	P. rostellata (150334 150363 150365)
Emsian	407.6 - 393.3	New Zealand	P. arenacea, P. sp. (40520) P. ranfti, P. hegani, P. pluvia (40522) P. ranfti, P. hegani, P. suggatei, P. pluvia (40525) P. sp. (40527) P. suggatei (40529)
Late/Upper Emsian	402.5 - 391.9	Luxembourg	P. ahrendi, P. lipperti (232220) P. lipperti (233203)
Middle Devonian	393.3 - 382.7	USA (New York)	P. rostellata (91229 91249)
Givetian	387.7 - 382.7	USA (New York)	P. diversa (86335 89656 89876 89903 89921 89922 89928 89930 96338 96342 96383 96385 111331 111416 111425 111471 111631) P. diversa, P. rostellata (89879 89927) P. rostellata (89958) P. sp. (89719 89720 89732 89733 89768 89769 89770 89774)
Late/Upper Famennian	364.7 - 360.7	USA (Missouri)	P. diversoides, P. spatulata (6033 6055) P. spatulata (6026)
Mississippian	358.9 - 323.2	USA (Indiana)	P. sp. (224222 224231)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Malaysia (Pahang)	P. sp. (115251)
Lopingian	259.9 - 252.17	India	Leda speluncaria (230335)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	China (Guangdong)	P. zhejiangensis (123595)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian	259.9 - 252.17	Russian Federation	P. sp. (221266)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Japan	P. sp. (107607)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Pakistan	Nuculana subacuta (89061)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Greenland	Nuculana speluncaria (115913)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	China (Fujian)	P. hunanensis (111730 111732)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	China (Guizhou)	P. guizhouensis (111987 112012 112015) P. hunanensis (121007) P. kasanensis (98029) P. sp. (108546 111993)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	China (Yunnan)	P. zhejiangensis (108196)