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Russellosaurina
Taxonomy
Russellosaurinae was named by Bell (1997). It was considered monophyletic by Cuthbertson et al. (2007) and Konishi et al. (2012).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Russellosaurina by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Konishi et al. (2012), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023) and Plasse et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Mosasaurinae by Konishi et al. (2012); and to Mosasauridae by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023) and Plasse et al. (2024).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Russellosaurina by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Konishi et al. (2012), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023) and Plasse et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Mosasaurinae by Konishi et al. (2012); and to Mosasauridae by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023) and Plasse et al. (2024).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1952 | Platecarpus ptychodus Arambourg |
| 2005 | Russellosaurina Bell and Polcyn p. 189 |
| 2005 | Russellosaurina Polcyn and Bell p. 322 |
| 2006 | Russellosaurina Bardet et al. |
| 2007 | Russellosaurina Cuthbertson et al. |
| 2009 | Russellosaurina Komishi and Caldwell p. 418 |
| 2010 | Russellosaurina Konishi et al. |
| 2011 | Russellosaurina Konishi and Caldwell |
| 2012 | Russellosaurina Konishi et al. |
| 2013 | Russellosaurina Bell Jr. et al. p. 578 |
| 2015 | Russellosaurina Cuthbertson and Holmes |
| 2017 | Russellosaurina Otero et al. |
| 2019 | Russellosaurina Romano et al. p. 203 |
| 2020 | Russellosaurina Grigoriev and Grabovskiy p. 2 |
| 2023 | Russellosaurina Kiernan and Ebersole p. 4 |
| 2024 | Russellosaurina Plasse et al. p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Russellosaurina Bell 1997
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Subfm. †Plioplatecarpinae Dollo 1884
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G. †Ectenosaurus Russell 1967
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†Ectenosaurus clidastoides Merriam 1894
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Invalid names: Platecarpus oxyrhinus Merriam 1894 [synonym]
†Ectenosaurus shannoni Kiernan and Ebersole 2023
†Ectenosaurus tlemonectes Kiernan and Ebersole 2023
Unr. †Plioplatecarpini Russell 1967
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G. †Latoplatecarpus Konishi and Caldwell 2011
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†Latoplatecarpus nichollsae Cuthbertson et al. 2007
†Latoplatecarpus willistoni Konishi and Caldwell 2011
G. †Platecarpus Cope 1869
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†Platecarpus crassartus Cope 1871
†Platecarpus curtirostris Cope 1871
†Platecarpus planifrons Cope 1874
†Platecarpus tympaniticus Cope 1869
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Invalid names: Holcodus coryphaeus Cope 1871 [synonym], Lestosaurus felix Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus gracilis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus latifrons Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus simus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Liodon ictericus Cope 1870 [synonym], Liodon mudgei Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Holcodus Gibbes 1851 [synonym], Holosaurus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Lestosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Platecarpus affinis Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus anguliferus Cope 1874 [nomen vanum], Platecarpus brachycephalus Loomis 1915 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus glandiferus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus latispinus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus tectulus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Sironectes Cope 1874 [synonym]
G. †Plesioplatecarpus Konishi and Caldwell 2011
G. †Plioplatecarpus Dollo 1882
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†Plioplatecarpus crassartus Cope 1871
†Plioplatecarpus houzeaui Dollo 1889
†Plioplatecarpus marshi Dollo 1882
†Plioplatecarpus peckensis Cuthbertson and Holmes 2015
†Plioplatecarpus primaevus Russell 1967
Invalid names: Oterognathus Dollo 1889 [synonym]
Unr. †Selmasaurini Longrich et al. 2024
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G. †Selmasaurus Wright and Shannon 1988
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†Selmasaurus johnsoni Polcyn and Everhart 2008
†Selmasaurus russelli Wright and Shannon 1988
G. †Yaguarasaurus Páramo 1994
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†Yaguarasaurus columbianus Páramo 1994
†Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus Rivera-Sylva et al. 2024
Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodon Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus somenensis Thevenin 1896 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodus Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Gervais 1852, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Turonian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 93.90000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (133 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | Liodon ictericus (199538) | |
| Cenomanian - Turonian | Australia (Western Australia) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (110535) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Texas) | Platecarpus sp. (106192) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Egypt | Platecarpus indet. (140710) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Utah) | Sarabosaurus dahli (233570) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Sweden | Plioplatecarpus sp. (70427) | |
| Turonian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Platecarpus abruptus (107339) Platecarpus ictericus (38720) Platecarpus sp. (38721) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Colombia (Huila) | Yaguarasaurus columbianus (122676 122680 122682 122683) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | USA (Texas) | Russellosaurina indet. (151425) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Brazil | Platecarpus sp. (142100) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Plioplatecarpini indet. (213527) Russellosaurina indet. (150368) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Mexico (Nuevo Leon) | Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus (230590) | |
| Coniacian | Angola (Bengo) | Angolasaurus bocagei (60168) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Plotosaurus sp. (94680) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Liodon mudgei (199541) | |
| Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Texas) | Platecarpus coryphaeus (106188) | |
| Early/Lower Coniacian | Brazil | Platecarpus sp. (126912) | |
| Early/Lower Coniacian | Colombia (Santander) | Yaguarasaurus columbianus (142085) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian | USA (Kansas) | Ectenosaurus clidastoides (118156) Platecarpus coryphaeus, Platecarpus ictericus (118152) Platecarpus sp. (212963) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Texas) | Platecarpus planifrons (151422) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Clidastes planifrons (123571) Platecarpus ictericus (215772) Platecarpus planifrons (123572 123574) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Kansas) | Ectenosaurus tlemonectes (232231) | |
| Santonian | USA (North Dakota) | Platecarpus sp. (107427) | |
| Santonian | Australia (Western Australia) | Platecarpus sp. (142716) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Ectenosaurus clidastoides (123577) Platecarpus planifrons (99385) Selmasaurus johnsoni (25071) | |
| Santonian - Maastrichtian | USA (Alabama) | Platecarpus sp. (107503) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian | USA (Arkansas) | Platecarpus sp. (107639) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian | USA (New Mexico) | Platecarpus sp. (52037) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | France (Aude) | Platecarpus sp. (233200) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | France (Somme) | Platecarpus somenensis (141941) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Platecarpus tympaniticus (118338) | |
| Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Texas) | Ectenosaurus sp. (151427) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Mississippi) | Platecarpus tympaniticus (98972) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Platecarpus sp. (81972) Selmasaurus russelli (84188) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian | USA (Georgia) | Platecarpus sp. (35289) | |
| Campanian | USA (Kansas) | Platecarpus sp. (107677) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Platecarpus ictericus (107674 109761) Platecarpus sp. (107642 107678 107679) | |
| Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Platecarpus sp. (36746 36749) | |
| Campanian | USA (Montana) | Plioplatecarpus peckensis (194178) | |
| Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | Platecarpus brachycephalus (105717) Platecarpus ictericus (107672 107675) | |
| Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Saudi Arabia (Tabuk) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (116314) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skåne) | Platecarpus sp. (74334) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | Platecarpus somenensis (102883) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Platecarpus sp. (106277) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Germany | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (76843 127657) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skane) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (106409) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Plioplatecarpus nichollsae (23366 96685) Plioplatecarpus nichollsae, Latoplatecarpus willistoni (36446) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Texas) | Mosasauridae indet. (151430) Platecarpus somenensis (106189) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Ectenosaurus shannoni (232232) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (153814) Russellosaurina indet. (153813) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Platecarpus ictericus (106328) Platecarpus sp. (106437) Plioplatecarpinae indet. (106331 106333 106336) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Platecarpus sp. (57918) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Platecarpus sp., Platecarpus somenensis (107676) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Plioplatecarpus primaevus (23368) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Plioplatecarpus primaevus (107704) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (North Dakota) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (179297) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Platecarpus sp. (31993) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | Platecarpus sp. (107641) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (207338) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Platecarpus sp. (59385) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (230114) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Texas) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (106278) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (38075) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Plioplatecarpus primaevus (155307) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (52076) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Syria | Plioplatecarpini indet. (117853 117854 117855) Plioplatecarpini indet., Platecarpus ptychodon (117850 117852 117857 117863) Plioplatecarpini indet., Plioplatecarpinae indet. (117849) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (231457 231469) | |
| Maastrichtian | Australia (Western Australia) | Plioplatecarpinae indet. (41538) | |
| Maastrichtian | Congo-Kinshasa | Plioplatecarpus sp. (142145) | |
| Maastrichtian | Jordan | Platecarpus ptychodon (13366) | |
| Maastrichtian | Nigeria (Sokoto) | Goronyosaurus nigeriensis (98105 104944) | |
| Maastrichtian | Niger (Tahoua) | Platecarpus sp., Plioplatecarpus sp., Angolasaurus sp., Mosasauridae indet. (104945) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Platecarpus sp. (99710) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Morocco | Platecarpus ptychodon (116902 116903) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Antarctica | Plioplatecarpus sp. (141244) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Belgium | Plioplatecarpus houzeaui (82892) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Angola (Namibe) | Platecarpus ptychodon (106705) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (14502) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Denmark | Plioplatecarpus sp. (140267 140268) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Antarctica | Plioplatecarpus sp. (215568) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco | Platecarpus ptychodon (99627 213665 213666) Russellosaurinae indet., Platecarpus ptychodon, Gavialimimus almaghribensis (123268) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Russellosaurinae indet. (48570) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Plioplatecarpus marshi (138726) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (140998) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (231459) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Spain (Burgos) | Platecarpus ictericus (176782) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco (Khouribga) | Khinjaria acuta (230233) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Jordan | Platecarpus sp. (170239) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (New Jersey) | Plioplatecarpus sp. (26819) |