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Achistrum monochordata

Holothuroidea - Apodida - Achistridae

Taxonomy
Achistrum monochordata was named by Hodson et al. (1956). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was recombined as Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata by Hampton (1958), Fletcher (1962), Garbowska and Wierzbowski (1967), Górka and Luszczewska (1969), Zawidzka (1971) and Soodan and Whatley (1987); it was recombined as Achistrulum monochordatum by Deflandre-Rigaud (1962).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
A. monochordatum

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1955Achistrum bartensteini Frizzell and Exline pp. 70-71 figs. figs. 5-8
1955Calcligula huckei Frizzell and Exline pp. 70-71 figs. figs. 27-28
1956Achistrum monochordata Hodson et al. pp. 340-341 figs. figs 10-11
1958Achistrum (Spinrum) bartensteini Hampton p. 75
1958Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Hampton p. 76
1958Achistrum bartensteini Said and Barakat p. 268 figs. pl. 6 figs. 1-5
1958Achistrum monochordata Summerson and Campbell p. 968 figs. pl. 126, figs. 3-7
1962Achistrum huckei Deflandre-Rigaud p. 40
1962Achistrulum monochordatum Deflandre-Rigaud p. 91
1962Achistrum (Cancellrum) bichordata Fletcher p. 323 figs. figs 1, 2
1962Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Fletcher p. 325 figs. figs 6, 7
1967Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Garbowska and Wierzbowski p. 530 figs. Fig. 4 A-M
1967Achistrum bartensteini Gutschick et al. p. 1470 figs. Pl. 186, fig. 32
1967Achistrum monochordata Gutschick et al. p. 1471 figs. Pl. 187, fig. 30
1969Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Górka and Luszczewska pp. 382-383 figs. pl. 79 figs 2-6
1971Achistrum bartensteini Kozur and Mostler p. 26
1971Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Zawidzka p. 434 figs. Text-fig. 2, PI. 1 fig. 7
1976Achistrum monochordata Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd pp. 12-13 figs. pl. 3 fig. 18
1977Achistrum monochordata Wernlund pp. 42-46 figs. PI. 1 figs 1-5
1987Achistrum (Cancellrum) bichordata Soodan and Whatley p. 168 figs. pl. 1 fig. F
1987Achistrum (Cancellrum) monochordata Soodan and Whatley p. 168 figs. pl. 1 fig. L, M, S, R
1992Achistrum monochordata Gilliland pp. 194-196 figs. pl. 4 figs 1-8
1992Achistrum bichordata Henderson et al. p. 13 figs. Pl. 2, M
1992Achistrum monochordata Henderson et al. p. 13 figs. Pl. 2 fig. I, J
1997Achistrum bartensteini Krainer and Mostler p. 8
1999Achistrum monochordata Reich pp. 385-387 figs. pl. 1 figs 1, 2
2002Achistrum monochordata Kalita et al. p. 141 figs. pl. 1 fg. 16

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Echinozoa()
classHolothuroidea()
orderApodida
familyAchistridae
genusAchistrum
speciesmonochordata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Achistrum monochordata Hodson et al. 1956
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Invalid names: Achistrum bartensteini Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym], Achistrum bichordata Fletcher 1962 [synonym], Calcligula huckei Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: detritivoreo
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-06-23 02:35:55
Modified: 2009-10-09 11:59:34
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004, Arkadiev and Bugrova 1999

Age range: base of the Kinderhookian to the top of the Albian or 358.90000 to 100.50000 Ma

Collections (44 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Kinderhookian358.9 - 352.0USA (Missouri) Achistrum bartensteini (41448) Achistrum monochordata, Achistrum bartensteini (41445)
Kinderhookian - Osagean358.9 - 343.0USA (Montana) Achistrum monochordata, Achistrum bartensteini (41442)
Middle Pennsylvanian315.2 - 307.0USA (Kentucky) Achistrum monochordata (97880)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51USA (Texas) Achistrum monochordata (99860)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Iran Achistrum monochordata (75773)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Poland Achistrum monochordata (99844)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Achistrum bartensteini (99503 99504)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Hungary Achistrum bartensteini (99502)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3Germany Achistrum bartensteini (93290)
Liasicus201.3 - 196.5Austria Achistrum bartensteini (227857 227858)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8United Kingdom (England) Achistrum monochordata (41623 41624 41625 41626)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8France (Basse-Normandie) Achistrum monochordata (93454)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7France (Basse-Normandie) Achistrum monochordata (93533)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Poland Achistrum monochordata (97970)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Poland Achistrum monochordata (97972)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Egypt Achistrum bartensteini (99485)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Egypt Achistrum bartensteini (99487)
Early/Lower Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Achistrum monochordata (97973 97976)
Late/Upper Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Achistrum monochordata (141291)
Middle Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Achistrum monochordata (63077)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Egypt Achistrum bartensteini (99486)
Late/Upper Callovian164.7 - 161.2Poland Achistrum monochordata (63064)
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3United Kingdom (England) Achistrum monochordata (94456 94457 94458 94459 94460 94462 94465 94466 94467) Achistrum monochordata, Achistrum bichordata (94461)
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7United Kingdom (Yorkshire) Achistrum monochordata, Achistrum bichordata (94289)
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7Poland Achistrum monochordata (78598)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Poland Achistrum monochordata (78618 78627)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Poland Achistrum monochordata (94087)