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Amygdalum

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy
Amygdalum was named by Megerle (1811) [Sepkoski's age data: K Haut-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 159,1112]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Modiola (Amygdalum) by Martin (1916).

It was assigned to Modiola by Martin (1916); to Modiolinae by Maxwell (1992); to Mytiloida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Mytilidae by Vokes (1980), Lamprell and Healy (1998), Wienrich (1999), Todd (2001) and Mikkelsen (2006).

Species
A. (Modiolula), A. barbatiaeformis, A. progoensis, A. simplex
Species lacking formal opinion data
A. longum

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Amygdalum Megerle p. 69
1916Modiola (Amygdalum) Martin p. 264
1980Amygdalum Vokes p. 22
1992Amygdalum Maxwell p. 64
1998Amygdalum Lamprell and Healy p. 84
1999Amygdalum Wienrich p. 217
2001Amygdalum Todd
2002Amygdalum Sepkoski
2006Amygdalum Mikkelsen

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—MytilomorphiFerussac 1822
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
genusAmygdalumMegerle 1811

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Amygdalum Megerle 1811
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Subg. Amygdalum (Modiolula) Sacco 1808
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Modiolula phaseolina Philippi 1844
†Modiolula pygmaea Philippi 1843
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Invalid names: Modiola lemeslei Cossmann and Lambert 1884 [synonym]
†Amygdalum progoensis Martin 1916
†Amygdalum simplex Sowerby 1850
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Composition 2: low Mg calcitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Life habit: semi-infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: SI/EP, SE, BA, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-08-18 17:38:21
Modified: 2009-08-18 19:38:21
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Neocomian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 145.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma

Collections (52 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Neocomian145.0 - 125.77Japan (Gumma) A. ishidoense (40488)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Japan (Iwate) A. ishidoense (40553)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) A. simplex (3266 3268)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) A. simplex (3259) A. sp. (8105)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0New Zealand A. n. sp. (67590) A. sp. (64750)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Belgium Modiolula pygmaea (111366 111371 111373)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03New Zealand A. sp. (67857)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark (Jylland) Modiolula pygmaea (9170)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Denmark (Jutland) Modiolula pygmaea (9176)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) Modiolula phaseolina (62882)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany Modiolula phaseolina (111599)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand A. dolichum (67821)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Netherlands Modiolula phaseolina (186883 186884)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608New Zealand (Hawke's Bay) A. sp. (45181)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Indonesia A. barbatiaeformis, A. progoensis (70086)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) A. longum (61896) Modiolula phaseolina (61897 61898 61900 61905 61906 62885)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Poland Modiolula phaseolina (51689 51690 51691)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Belgium Modiolula phaseolina (77860)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Poland Modiolula phaseolina (51687)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Belgium (Antwerpen) Modiolula phaseolina (48092)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Belgium Modiolula phaseolina (77863 77866 77868 77869 77870 77871)
Kapitean6.5 - 5.333New Zealand (Southland) A. striatum (179820)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Belgium Modiolula phasiolina (86801 86802)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6United Kingdom (England) Modiola phaseolina (84755 84795)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Belgium Modiolula phasiolina (76982)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588United Kingdom (England) Modiola phaseolina (84764)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Belgium Modiolula phasiolina (86804)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Belgium Modiolula phasiolina (86807)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy Modiolula phaseolina (78312)
Castlecliffian1.63 - 0.34New Zealand A. striatum (89043)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Modiolula phaseolina (98196)