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Endothiodontia
Taxonomy
Endothiodontia was named by Owen (1876) [possibly not originally ranked as infraorder].
It was reranked as the suborder Endothiodontia by Seeley (1895); it was reranked as the unranked clade Endothiodontia by Modesto et al. (2002), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Cox and Angielczyk (2015) and Olroyd et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Therosuchia by Seeley (1895); to Dicynodontia by Carroll (1988); and to Dicynodontia by Modesto et al. (2002), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Cox and Angielczyk (2015) and Olroyd et al. (2017).
It was reranked as the suborder Endothiodontia by Seeley (1895); it was reranked as the unranked clade Endothiodontia by Modesto et al. (2002), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Cox and Angielczyk (2015) and Olroyd et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Therosuchia by Seeley (1895); to Dicynodontia by Carroll (1988); and to Dicynodontia by Modesto et al. (2002), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Cox and Angielczyk (2015) and Olroyd et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1876 | Endothiodontia Owen |
| 1895 | Endothiodontia Seeley |
| 1988 | Endothiodontia Carroll |
| 2002 | Endothiodontia Modesto et al. |
| 2009 | Endothiodontia Kammerer and Angielczyk p. 1756 |
| 2011 | Endothiodontia Fröbisch and Reisz |
| 2015 | Endothiodontia Cox and Angielczyk |
| 2017 | Endothiodontia Olroyd et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Endothiodontia Owen 1876
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G. †Cryptocynodon Seeley 1894
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†Cryptocynodon schroederi Janensch 1952
†Cryptocynodon simus Seeley 1894
G. †Endothiodon Owen 1876
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†Endothiodon bathystoma Owen
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Invalid names: Endothiodon uniseries Owen [synonym], Endothiodon whaitsi Broom 1912 [synonym], Pachytegos stockleyi Haughton 1932 [synonym]
†Endothiodon mahalanobisi Ray 2000
†Endothiodon tolani Cox and Angielczyk 2015
Invalid names: Pachytegos Haughton 1932 [synonym]
G. †Lanthanostegus Modesto et al. 2003
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†Lanthanostegus mohoii Modesto et al. 2002
Invalid names: Lanthanocephalus Modesto et al. 2002 [replaced]
G. †Pristerodon Huxley 1868
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†Pristerodon agilis Broom 1904
†Pristerodon boonstrai Broili and Schroeder 1935
†Pristerodon buffaloensis Toerien 1953
†Pristerodon mackayi Huxley 1868
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Invalid names: Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Brachyuraniscus reuningi Broili and Schröder 1935 [synonym], Cerataelurus mirabilis Broom 1931 [synonym], Dicynodon swierstrai Broom 1940 [synonym], Diictodon pygmaeus Broom and Haughton 1917 [synonym], Emydops kitchingi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops longiceps Broom 1913 [synonym], Emydops microdon Broom 1936 [synonym], Emydops murraysburgensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops trigoniceps Broom 1904 [synonym], Parringtoniella broomi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Pristerodon microrhynchus von Huene 1931 [synonym], Pristerodon raniceps Owen 1876 [synonym]
†Pristerodon mirus Broom 1935
†Pristerodon oudebergensis Toerien 1953
†Pristerodon platyceps Broom 1937
†Pristerodon vanhoepeni Broili and Schroeder 1935
†Pristerodon whaitsi Broom 1911
Invalid names: Brachyuraniscus Broili and Schroeder 1935 [synonym], Cerataelurus Broom 1931 [synonym], Eumantellia Broom 1935 [synonym], Hueneus Toerien 1953 [synonym], Newtonella Broom 1937 [synonym], Opisthoctenodon Broom 1904 [synonym], Parringtoniella Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. G. Seeley 1895 | The posterior nares are bordered in front by the hard palate, but the palatine bones do not meet in the medium line below them, as those bones meet in the Theriodontia. There are no incisor teeth. When teeth are developed on the palate they may be arranged in series or irregularly scattered. The lower jaw does not develop a coronoid process. It is excavated externally in front of the articulation, apparently by the masseter muscle. | |
| C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | In the topology of Angielczyk (2007), Endothiodontia as defined here consists of only Chelydontops + Endothiodon. If our definition is applied to the topology of Fröbisch (2007) and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008), Endothiodontia includes Pristerodon, Lanthanostegus, Chelydontops, and Endothiodon. Because of this difference, there is no overlap in autapomorphies between the analyses, and we have simply listed both sets here. Angielczyk (2007): (1) median ridge on anterior surface of snout present; (2) shelf-like area lateral to the upper “postcanine” teeth present; (3) parietal foramen surrounded by a strong, often rugose boss; (4) ventral surface of the median pterygoid plate with a wide, boss-like median ridge. Fröbisch (2007), Fröbisch & Reisz (2008): (1) coarse serrations present on marginal teeth; (2) lateral palatal foramen present and posterior and dorsal to the level of the anterior, expanded palatal exposure of the palatines. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: infrao = infraorder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Capitanian or 259.90000 to 259.51000 Ma
Collections (64 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Permian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Abajudon kaayai (188881) Endothiodon indet. (188882) | |
| Guadalupian | Zambia (Southern) | Dicynodontia indet. (171619) | |
| Wordian - Capitanian | Zambia (Southern) | Abajudon kaayai (192593 192594 192595 192596 192597) | |
| Wordian - Wuchiapingian | Brazil (Paraná) | Endothiodon sp. (185753) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Endothiodon bathystoma, Pristerodon mackayi (176246) | |
| Capitanian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Endothiodon tolani (173058 173059 190324) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis (176355) Brachyuraniscus reuningi (31777) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lanthanocephalus mohoii (94607) | |
| Capitanian - Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Emydops longiceps (177588) Endothiodon uniseries, Endothiodon whaitsi (176922) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Zambia | Endothiodon sp. (184665 184666) Endothiodon sp., Parringtoniella sp. (184599) Pristerodon mackayi (184600 184667 184668 184669 184670) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Cryptocynodon schroederi (179590) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Dicynodon swierstrai (176331) Emydops microdon (174717) Endothiodon bathystoma (177606) Endothiodon sp. (80826) Hueneus oudebergensis (171384) Oudenodon trigoniceps, Opisthoctenodon agilis (176830) Pristerodon mackayi, Oudenodon raniceps (178109) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Endothiodon bathystoma, Pachytegos stockleyi (178128) Endothiodon sp. (135700) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Malawi (Northern Region) | Endothiodon bathystoma (176292) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Limpopo) | Cryptocynodon simus (178198) | |
| Wuchiapingian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Endothiodon uniseries, Pristerodon mackayi, Endothiodon mahalanobisi (80572) | |
| Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Diaelurodon whaitsi, Emydops longiceps, Synostocephalus vanhoepeni (180782) Dicynodon microrhynchus, Eurychororhinus boonstrai (175565) Emydops murraysburgensis, Emydops kitchingi (116452) Endothiodon uniseries, Pristerodon buffaloensis (178803) Parringtoniella broomi (181609) Pristerodon buffaloensis (176357 176358) Pristerodon indet., Emydopsis microdon, Eumantellia mirus (22661) Pristerodon mackayi (86282 86286 86300 86302) Pristerodon sp. (190045 190331 190556) Pristerodon sp., Endothiodon whaitsi, Dicynodon pygmaeus (171377) Synostocephalus vanhoepeni (178806 178830) | |
| Lopingian | Zambia (Southern) | Endothiodon sp. (234490 234494 234498 234500 234503 234506) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Newtonella platyceps (80219) |