PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Brissidae

Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Brissidae

Taxonomy

Brissidae was named by Gray (1855). It is extant.

It was assigned to Micrasterina by Fischer (1966); to Spatangoidea by McNamara (1992); to Spatangoida by Ragaini (1994); and to Brissidina by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Sister taxa

Brissopsidae

Synonyms

Brissopsidae was named by Lambert (1905). It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Brissidae by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1855	Brissidae Gray
1905	Brissopsidae Lambert
1966	Brissidae Fischer p. U582
1992	Brissidae McNamara p. 140
1994	Brissidae Ragaini p. 289
2010	Brissidae Kroh and Smith p. 173

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea	()
—	Carinacea
—	Irregularia	()
—	Atelostomata
order	Spatangoida
suborder	Brissidina
family	Brissidae
family	Brissidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Brissidae Gray 1855

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G. †Arcaechinus Kier 1957

G. †Brissopatagus Cotteau 1863

†Brissopatagus rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Eupatagus (Brissopatagus) alabamensis Cooke 1942

Invalid names: Eupatagus (Brissopatagus) georgianus Cooke 1942 [synonym]

G. Brissopsis Agassiz 1840

†Brissopsis aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1952

†Brissopsis atlantica Moretensen 1907

†Brissopsis balnpiedi Grant and Hertlein 1938

†Brissopsis columbaris Agassiz 1840

Brissopsis elegans Agassiz 1840

†Brissopsis hectori Hutton 1873

†Brissopsis jimenoi Cotteau 1875

†Brissopsis luzonica Gray 1851

Brissopsis lyrifer Forbes 1841

†Brissopsis pacifica Agassiz 1898

†Brissopsis praeluzonica Fell 1964

†Brissopsis steinhatchee Cooke 1942

G. Brissus Gray 1825

†Brissus cabrerai Sanchez Roig 1953

†Brissus camagueyensis Weisbord 1934

†Brissus caobaense Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Brissus durhami Sanchez Roig 1952

†Brissus eximius Zittel 1864

†Brissus expansus Forbes 1846

†Brissus fragilis Düben and Koyen 1844

†Brissus glenni Cooke 1959

†Brissus inaequalis Forbes 1846

†Brissus kewi Grant and Hertlein 1938

†Brissus latecarinatus Leske 1778

†Brissus minutus Sanchez Roig 1949

†Brissus rana Forbes 1846

†Brissus sagrae Lambert 1924

†Brissus spatiosus Ravenel 1848

†Brissus unicolor Leske 1778

G. Cionobrissus

G. Cyclaster Cotteau 1856

†Cyclaster aturicus Seunes 1888

Invalid names: Brissopneustes vindobonensis Kuehn 1930 [synonym]

†Cyclaster danicus Schlüter 1897

†Cyclaster drewryensis Cooke 1942

Invalid names: Cyclaster brodermani Sanchez roig 1949 [synonym], Palmeraster palmeri Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]

†Cyclaster galei Jeffery 1997

†Cyclaster jacksoni Lambert 1924

†Cyclaster posita Hutton 1873

†Cyclaster sanchezi Lambert 1922

Invalid names: Palmeraster Sánchez Roig 1949 [synonym]

G. Eupatagus Agassiz 1847

Subg. †Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus) Doderlein 1900

†Eupatagus alatus Clark 1927

†Eupatagus anomala Duncan 1877

†Eupatagus antillarum Cotteau 1875

†Eupatagus attenuatus Clark 1927

†Eupatagus batequensis Squires and Demetrion 1992

†Eupatagus brodermanni Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Eupatagus calistoides Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Eupatagus carolinensis Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Eupatagus casanovai Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Eupatagus estenozi Sanchez Roig 1921

†Eupatagus floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Eupatagus formosus Zittel 1867

†Eupatagus lawsonae Kier 1980

†Eupatagus martini Gerth 1922

†Eupatagus mexicanus Jackson 1937

†Eupatagus mojsvari Böhm 1882

†Eupatagus mooreanus Pilsbry 1914

†Eupatagus nicklesi Cotteau 1890

†Eupatagus ocalanus Cooke 1942

†Eupatagus pendulus Agassiz 1847

†Eupatagus pulchellus Herklots 1854

†Eupatagus rostratus d'Archiac 1850

Invalid names: Maretia affinis Herklots 1854 [synonym]

†Eupatagus rostratus zitteli Henderson 1975

†Eupatagus roundus Duncan and Sladen 1884

†Eupatagus sanchezi Lambert 1949

†Eupatagus santanae Sanchez Roig 1951

†Eupatagus siboneyensis Weisbordf 1934

†Eupatagus stevensi Grant and Hertlein 1938

†Eupatagus tuberosus Fraas 1867

†Eupatagus turibacoensis Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Eupatagus wilsoni Kier 1980

†Spatangus (Eupatagus) gottschei Gagel 1905

Invalid names: Spatangomorpha Boehm 1882 [synonym]

G. †Fernandezaster

†Fernandezaster mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952

G. †Fourtaunia

G. †Gillechinus

G. †Gualtieria

Subg. †Gualtieria (Blaviaster) Lambert 1920

Subg. †Gualtieria (Granobrissoides)

Subg. †Gualtieria (Gualtieria) Fischer 1966

G. †Hernandezaster

†Hernandezaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949

G. †Herreraster

G. †Hikelaster

G. †Hysteraster McNamara 1992

†Hysteraster paragrapsimus McNamara 1992

G. †Lajanaster

†Lajanaster jacksoni Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926

Invalid names: Lajanaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Lajanaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1953 [nomen dubium]

G. Macropneustes Agassiz 1847

Subg. †Macropneustes (Deakia) Pavay 1875

†Deakia armadilloensis Sanchez-Roig 1953

Subg. †Macropneustes (Macropneustes) Agassiz 1847

†Macropneustes (Macropneustes) palmeri Sanchez-Roig 1953

†Macropneustes brodermani Sanchez Roig 1953

†Macropneustes gomezmazae Sanchez Roing 1953

†Macropneustes mortoni Conrad 1850

Macropneustes ventricosus Lamarck 1816

G. †Mariania

G. †Mauritanaster

†Mauritanaster cubensis Cotteau 1875

G. †Megapneustes

G. Meoma Gray 1851

Subg. Meoma (Schizobrissus) Pomel 1869

†Schizobrissus antillarum Cotteau 1875

†Schizobrissus clevei Cotteau 1875

Schizobrissus cruciatus Agassiz and Desor 1847

†Schizobrissus jacksoni Lambert 1926

†Schizobrissus kewi Durham 1961

Invalid names: Peripneustes Cotteau 1875 [synonym]

†Meoma antiqua Arnold and Clark 1927

†Meoma grandis Gray 1852

†Meoma tuberculata Hutton 1873

Invalid names: Meoma decipiens Tate 1891 [synonym]

†Meoma ventricosa Lamarck 1816

G. Metalia Gray 1855

†Metalia cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949

†Metalia ravenelianus McCrady 1855

†Metalia spatagus Linnaeus 1758

G. †Migliorinia

G. †Pharaonaster

Subg. †Pharaonaster (Pharaonaster) Fischer 1966

Subg. †Pharaonaster (Thebaster) Checchia-Rispoli 1941

G. Plagiobrissus Pomel 1883

†Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) curvus Cooke 1942

†Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) dixie Cooke 1942

†Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) gardnerae Cooke 1942

†Eupatagus (Plagiobrissus) holmesii McCrady 1855

Subg. Plagiobrissus (Rhabdobrissus) Cotteau 1889

Invalid names: Mortensenaster [synonym]

†Plagiobrissus costaricensis Durham 1961

Plagiobrissus grandis Gmelin 1788

†Plagiobrissus loveni Cotteau 1875

†Plagiobrissus malavassii Durham 1961

†Plagiobrissus robustus Clark 1927

G. †Plesiopatagus Pomel 1883

G. †Radiobrissus

G. Rhynobrissus

G. †Rojasia

Rojasia rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951

G. †Stomaporus

G. Taimanawa Henderson and Fell 1969

†Taimanawa greyi Hutton 1873

†Taimanawa prisca Henderson 1975

†Taimanawa pulchella Henderson and Fell 1969

†Taimanawa rostrata Henderson 1975

G. †Trachypatagus Pomel 1869

Invalid names: Brissopsidae Lambert 1905 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteo

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

slow-movingo

Life habit:

shallow infaunalo

Diet:

deposit feedero

Diet 2:

detritivoreo

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-28 12:18:10

Modified:

2009-10-08 16:32:56

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.10000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma

Collections (218 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	Cuba	Cyclaster sanchezi (91178)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Belgium (Liege)	Cyclaster platornatus (32147)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	France (Landes)	Cyclaster sp. A (213825 214013)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Spain (Santander)	Cyclaster heberti (157008) Cyclaster sp. (157021) Cyclaster sp., Cyclaster aruricus, Cyclaster gindrei (157043)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Kazakhstan	Cyclaster galei (48024)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Belgium (Liege)	Cyclaster platornatus (32148)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)	Cyclaster platornatus (32022)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Murcia)	Cyclaster sp. (152895)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Kazakhstan	Cyclaster galei (48022)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Landes)	Cyclaster integer (214199)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	France (Landes)	Isopneustes aturicus (214202)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Denmark	Brissopneustes danicus (35040)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Austria	Cyclaster aturicus (47930)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Spain (Santander)	Cyclaster grindrei (157045)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Kazakhstan	Cyclaster integer (48023)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Iran	Eupatagus ghiavanensis (226731)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Mexico (Baja California)	Eupatagus batequensis (5506)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Cuba	Schizobrissus jacksoni (91162)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Pakistan	Metalia sowerbyi (77304)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Libya	Eupatagus lefeburei (49943)