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Orthopsidae
Taxonomy
Orthopsinae was named by Duncan (1889).
It was reranked as the family Orthopsidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Fell and Pawson (1966), Geys and Jagt (1986), Smith (1991), Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Diademina by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Echinacea by Smith (1991); to Orthopsida by Fell and Pawson (1966), Geys and Jagt (1986) and Smith (1995); and to Carinacea by Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was reranked as the family Orthopsidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Fell and Pawson (1966), Geys and Jagt (1986), Smith (1991), Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Diademina by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Echinacea by Smith (1991); to Orthopsida by Fell and Pawson (1966), Geys and Jagt (1986) and Smith (1995); and to Carinacea by Kroh and Smith (2010).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1915 | Orthopsidae Clark and Twitchell p. 52 |
| 1966 | Orthopsidae Fell and Pawson p. U437 |
| 1986 | Orthopsidae Geys and Jagt p. 102 |
| 1991 | Orthopsidae Smith p. 30 |
| 1995 | Orthopsidae Smith p. 136 |
| 2010 | Orthopsidae Kroh and Smith p. 170 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Orthopsidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Brochechinus
G. †Dubarechinus
G. †Gymnodiadema
G. †Orthocidaris
G. †Orthopsis Cotteau 1864
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†Orthopsis miliaris d'Archiac 1835
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Invalid names: Cottaldia australis White 1887 [synonym], Diadema granulare Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Diadema kleinii Desmoulins 1837 [synonym], Diadema polystigma Agassiz 1840 [synonym], Hemipedina charltoni Cragin 1894 [synonym], Orthopsis morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Orthopsis planulata Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Orthopsis sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym], Pseudodiadema grangeri Maury 1936 [synonym]
†Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin 1893
G. †Scaptodiadema
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Jurassic to the top of the Miocene or 201.40000 to 5.33300 Ma
Collections (60 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Jurassic | United Arab Emirates | Scaptodiadema matheyi (101400) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Poland (Czarnoglowy) | Orthopsis pomeraniae (157224) | |
| Cretaceous | USA (Texas) | Orthopsis planulata (203429) | |
| Hauterivian | Portugal | Orthopsis repellini (65858) | |
| Aptian | Switzerland | Echinopsis nucella (2188) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | Brazil | Orthopsis miliaris (195793) | |
| Middle Albian | Egypt | Orthopsis miliaris (191704) | |
| Middle Albian | Brazil | Orthopsis miliaris (195794) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Brazil | Pseudodiadema grangeri (195791) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | USA (Texas) | Hemipedina charltoni (203432) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Brazil (Sergipe) | Cottaldia australis (87857) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Orthopsis occidentalis (203430) | |
| Cenomanian | Saudi Arabia | Orthopsis miliaris (195499) | |
| Cenomanian | Peru (Cajamarca) | Orthopsis titicacana (56902) | |
| Cenomanian | United Arab Emirates | Orthopsis miliaris (3792) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Egypt | Orthopsis miliaris (191717) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France | Orthopsis granularis (59813 59817) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Brazil | Orthopsis miliaris (141026) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian | Egypt | Orthopsis ovata (150675) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | France | Orthopsis miliaris (59811) | |
| Turonian | France (Landes) | Orthopsis miliaris (213764 213769) | |
| Turonian | Peru (Cajamarca) | Orthopsis titicacana (56900) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Egypt | Orthopsis ovata (114815 140245 140586) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Peru | Orthopsis titicacana (158990) | |
| Coniacian | France | Orthopsis miliaris (59680) Orthopsis sp. (3735) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Saudi Arabia | Orthopsis miliaris (195502 195503 195505) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Oman | Orthopsis sp. (67455) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Maastrichtian | United Arab Emirates | Orthopsis sp. (67456) | |
| Maastrichtian | Oman | Orthopsis sp. (151618 151619) | |
| Maastrichtian | Iran | Orthopsis morgani (87113) | |
| Maastrichtian | Spain (Santander) | Orthopsis miliaris (157009 157010 157011) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Cataluña) | Orthopsis miliaris (67004) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands | Orthopsis miliaris (32161 196775 196853) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Orthopsis miliaris (32167) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium (Liege) | Orthopsis miliaris (32157) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium | Orthopsis miliaris (196854 196855 196856) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Netherlands | Orthopsis miliaris (32160) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Alabama) | Echinopsis sp. (34652) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Echinopsis diatreta (3113 81775) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (New Jersey) | Echinopsis diatreta (155898 155906) | |
| Lutetian | Egypt | Echinopsis libyca (41901) | |
| Lutetian | Senegal | Echinopsis friryi, Echinopsis jacqueti (40798) | |
| Lutetian | Pakistan | Echinopsis sp. (45620) | |
| Miocene | Madagascar | Echinopsis thieryi (55831) |