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Echinacea

Echinoidea

Taxonomy
Echinideae was named by Claus (1876). It is extant.

It was reranked as the superorder Echinacea by Durham and Melville (1957); it was reranked as the unranked clade Echinacea by Smith (1991) and Kroh and Smith (2010).

It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Durham and Melville (1957), Smith (1991) and Kroh and Smith (2010).

Sister taxa
Arbacioida, Camarodonta, Plesiocidaroida, Stomopneustoida, Temnopleuroidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1957Echinacea Durham and Melville p. 253
1991Echinacea Smith p. 18
2010Echinacea Kroh and Smith p. 173

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumEleutherozoa
Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
Echinacea()
Echinacea()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Echinacea Claus 1876
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Or. Arbacioida Gregory 1900
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Fm. Arbaciidae Gray 1855
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G. Arbacia Gray 1835
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Arbacia abiquaensis Linder et al. 1988
Arbacia dufresnii Blainville 1825
Arbacia forbesii Wright 1851
Arbacia improcera Conrad 1843
Arbacia incisa Agassiz 1863
Arbacia lixula Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Arbacia pustulosa Leske 1778 [synonym]
Arbacia nodulosa Goldfuss 1826
Arbacia punctulata Lamarck 1816
Arbacia rivuli Cooke 1941
Arbacia sloani Clark and Twitchell 1915
Arbacia spatuligera Valenciennes 1846
Arbacia waccamaw Cooke 1941
G. Arbaciella Mortensen 1910
G. †Arbia Cooke 1948
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Arbia aldrichi Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Baueria
G. †Codiopsis
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Codiopsis bruni Lambert 1914
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Invalid names: Codiopsis pierrensis Smiser 1935 [synonym]
Codiopsis ciae Lambert 1908
Codiopsis doma Desmarest 1825
Codiopsis lehmannae Smith 1995
Codiopsis stephensoni Cooke 1953
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Coelopleurus castroi Maury 1930
Coelopleurus infulatus Morton 1833
Coelopleurus maculatus Agassiz and Clark 1907
Coelopleurus singularis Nisiyama 1966
Invalid names: Murravechinus [nomen nudum]
G. †Echinocidaris Duncan
G. †Glypticus
G. †Goniopygus Agassiz 1838
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Goniopygus arabicus Smith 1995
Goniopygus atavus Nisiyama 1950
Goniopygus eravillensis Arnaud 1889
Goniopygus menardi Desmarest in Defrance 1925
Goniopygus minor Sorignet 1850
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Invalid names: Goniopygus heberti Cotteau 1866 [synonym]
Goniopygus zitteli Clark 1891
G. †Hattopsis Ali 1992
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Hattopsis sphericus Ali 1992
G. †Heteropodia White 1887
G. †Magnosia
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Invalid names: Noetlingaster lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingia boulei Lambert 1906 [synonym], Noetlingia monteili Gauthier 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Noetlingia Lambert 1898 [replaced], Protechinus Noetling 1897 [replaced]
G. †Pleiocyphus Pomel 1883
G. Podocidaris Agassiz 1869
Invalid names: Coelopleuridae Märkel 1969 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Dialithocidaris Agassiz 1898
Fm. †Goniopygidae Smith and Wright 1993
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G. †Mimiosalenia Smith 1995
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G. †Pygmaeocidaris Doederlein 1905
G. †Tetrapygus Agassiz 1841
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Tetrapygus niger Molina 1782
Invalid names: Acropeltidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Arbacioina Gregory 1900 [empty], Glypticidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Salenioina Mortensen 1903 [empty]
G. †Besairiecidaris Lambert 1936
G. †Bramus de Gregorio 1930
Or. Camarodonta Jackson 1912
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Infraor. Echinidea
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Fm. Echinidae Gray 1825
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G. †Anapesus Holmes 1860
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Anapesus carolinus Holmes 1860
G. †Atactus
G. Echinus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Echinus (Agarites) Agassiz 1841
Echinus anchistus Clark 1912
Echinus euryporus Clark 1909
Echinus granularis Wright 1851
Echinus horridus Agassiz 1879
Echinus perlatus Desmarest 1825
Echinus purpuratus Stimpson 1857
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Gracilechinus gracilis Agassiz 1869
G. †Isechinus Lambert 1903
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Isechinus praecursor Ortmann 1900
G. Paracentrotus Mortensen 1903
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Psammechinus dubius Agassiz 1840
Psammechinus exoletus McCrady 1857
Psammechinus ocalanus Cooke 1941
Psammechinus santee Cooke 1941
G. Tripneustes Agassiz 1841
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Subg. Tripneustes (Hipponoe) Gray 1840
Tripneustes depresss Agassiz 1863
Tripneustes esculenta Leske 1778
Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus 1758
Tripneustes magnificus Nisiyama 1966
Tripneustes pregratilla McNamara and Kendrick 1994
Invalid names: Parechinidae Mortensen 1903 [empty], Triplechinidae [empty]
Infraor. Odontophora Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Echinometridae Gray 1855
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G. †Anthocidaris Lütken 1864
G. Echinometra Gray 1825
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Echinometra hondoana Nisiyama 1966
Echinometra lucunter Linnaeus 1758
Echinometra mathaei Blainville 1825
Echinometra oblonga Blainville 1825
Echinometra vanbrunti Agassiz 1863
Invalid names: Ellipsechinus [synonym]
G. Heterocentrotus Brandt 1835
Fm. Strongylocentrotidae Gregory 1900
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Allocentrotus japonicus Nisiyama 1966
G. Caenocentrotus Clark 1912
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Caenocentrotus gibbosus Agassiz and Desor 1846
G. Loxechinus Desor 1856
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Loxechinus albus Molina 1782
Fm. Toxopneustidae Troschel 1872
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G. Goniopneustes Duncan 1889
G. Gymnechinus Mortensen 1903
G. Lytechinus Agassiz 1863
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Lytechinus baldwini Linder et al. 1988
Lytechinus coreyi Grant and Hertlein 1938
Lytechinus milleri Grant and Hertlein 1938
Lytechinus pictus Verrill 1867
Lytechinus semituberculatus Agassiz and Desor 1867
Lytechinus variegatus Lamarck 1816
G. †Mirechinus Nisiyama 1966
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Mirechinus mirabilis Nisiyama 1966
G. Nudechinus Clark 1912
G. †Oligophyma Pomel 1869
G. Pseudoboletia Troschel 1869
G. †Schizechinus Pomel 1869
G. †Scholiechinus Arnold and Clark 1927
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Scholiechinus axiologus Arnold and Clark 1927
G. Sphaerechinus Desor 1856
G. Toxopneustes Agassiz 1841
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Toxopneustes rosea Agassiz 1863
Fm. Parasaleniidae Mortensen 1903
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Parasalenia marianae Cooke 1957
Infraor. Temnopleuridea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Glyphocyphidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Glyptodiadema Pomel 1883
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Progonechinus pretiosus Clark and Twitchell 1915
Fm. Temnopleuridae Agassiz 1872
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G. †Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860
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Invalid names: Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860 [objective synonym]
G. Genocidaris Agassiz 1869
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Opechinus costatus d'Archiac and Haime 1853
G. Ortholophus Duncan 1887
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Salmacis dussumieri Agassiz 1846
Subfm. †Temnopleurinae Agassiz 1872
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G. †Mespilia Desor 1846
G. †Salmaciella Mortensen 1942
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Temnotrema macleayana Tenison-Woods 1878
Temnotrema rubrum Döderlein 1885
Temnotrema sculptum Agassiz 1863
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Zeuglopleurus pisum Schluter 1883
Fm. Trigonocidaridae Mortensen 1903
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G. †Trigonocidaris Agassiz 1869
Invalid names: Zeuglopleuridae Lewis 1986 [empty]
G. †Crinocidaris de Gregorio 1930
Fm. †Glyphopneustidae Smith and Wright 1993
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Or. †Plesiocidaroida Duncan 1889
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Fm. †Tiarechinidae Gregory 1897
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Tiarechinus princeps Neumayr 1881
Superor. Stirodonta Jackson 1912
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Or. †Hemicidaroida Beurlen 1937
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G. †Allomma
G. †Micropedina Cotteau 1866
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Micropedina gongilensis Brighton 1925
Micropedina olisiponensis Forbes in Sharpe 1850
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Invalid names: Codiopsis cotteaui Coquand 1862 [synonym], Micropedina bipatellis Gregory 1906 [synonym]
Or. Stomopneustoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Stomechinidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Circopeltis Pomel 1883
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Circopeltis emiratus Smith 1995
G. †Codechinus Desor 1858
G. †Echinotiara Pomel 1883
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Echinotiara perebaskinei Lambert 1930
G. †Jeannetia
G. †Phymechinus Desor 1858
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Phymechinus benoisti Lambert 1900
Phymechinus mirabilis Agassiz 1846
Phymechinus perplexus Smith 1995
G. †Phymotaxis Lambert and Thiéry 1914
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Phymotaxis mansfieldi Cooke 1941
G. †Polycyphus Agassiz and Desor 1846
G. †Psephechinus Pomel 1883
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Psephechinus globosus Lambert 1931
G. †Stomechinus Desor 1858
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Stomechinus bigranularis Lamarck 1816
Stomechinus dissimilaris Linder et al. 1988
Stomechinus hyatti Clark 1893
G. Stomopneustes Agassiz 1841
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Stomopneustes antiquus Nisiyama 1966
Stomopneustes pristinus Jackson 1937
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Thierychinus delaunayi Lambert 1911
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Fm. Stomopneustidae Mortensen 1903
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G. †Gomphechinus Pomel 1883
G. †Parastomechinus Philip 1963
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Invalid names: Glyptocidaridae Jensen 1982 [empty]
Invalid names: Temnopleuroidea Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available