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Polycotylinae
Taxonomy
Polycotylinae was named by Albright et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Polycotylidae by Albright et al. (2007) and Clark et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Polycotylidae by Albright et al. (2007) and Clark et al. (2024).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2007 | Polycotylinae Albright et al. p. 47 |
| 2024 | Polycotylinae Clark et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Polycotylinae Albright et al. 2007
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Unr. †Dolichorhynchia Clark et al. 2024
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G. †Dolichorhynchops Williston 1902
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†Dolichorhynchops herschelensis Sato 2005
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus Seeley 1869 [nomen vanum], Trinacromerum latimanus Williston 1908 [nomen vanum]
G. †Georgiasaurus Ochev 1977
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†Georgiasaurus penzensis Otschev 1976
Invalid names: Georgia Otschev 1976 [replaced]
G. †Polycotylus Cope 1869
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†Polycotylus sopozkoi Efimov et al. 2016
†Polycotylus suprajurensis Sauvage 1876
G. †Trinacromerum Cragin 1888
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†Trinacromerum bentonianum Cragin 1888
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Invalid names: Ceraunosaurus brownorum Thurmond 1968 [synonym], Trinacromerum anonymum Williston 1903 [synonym], Trinacromerum willistoni Riggs 1944 [synonym]
†Trinacromerum kirki Russell 1935
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| L. B. Albright et al. 2007 | Small to large polycotylid plesiosaurs with short and broad radius and ulna in forelimb and tibia and fibula in hindlimb, in contrast to the Palmulainae in which previously noted elements are distinctly polygonal, i.e., nearly equidimensional in length and width. | |
| R. O. Clark et al. 2024 | Polycotylid plesiosaur subfamily possessing the following synapomorphies: jugal shortened to terminate near posterior orbital margin, temporal fenestra anteroposteriorly short (temporal fenestra length to cranial length ratio 0.19 or less),
squamosal extends anteriorly to postorbital bar, parasphenoid lacks a midline keel, anterior interpterygoid vacuity broad (at least 1/3 of combined pterygoid width at vacuity midlength), caudal vertebrae chevron facets located equally on anterior and posterior edges of centra (although this is reversed in a clade within Polycotylinae), coracoid perforated by foramina, epipodial foramen short (proximodistal length less than half epipodial length). |