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Taxonomy
Acanthocardia was named by Gray (1851) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Cardium (Acanthocardia) by Melvill (1907) and Oostingh (1935); it was reranked as Cardium (Anthocardia) by Richards (1953).
It was assigned to Cardium by Melvill (1907), Oostingh (1935) and Richards (1953); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cardiinae by Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Freneix et al. (1988) and Moore (2003); to Acanthocardiini by Schneider (2002) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Cardiidae by Squires and Demetrion (1992), Vera-Peláez et al. (2004) and Moneer et al. (2024).
It was reranked as Cardium (Acanthocardia) by Melvill (1907) and Oostingh (1935); it was reranked as Cardium (Anthocardia) by Richards (1953).
It was assigned to Cardium by Melvill (1907), Oostingh (1935) and Richards (1953); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cardiinae by Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Freneix et al. (1988) and Moore (2003); to Acanthocardiini by Schneider (2002) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Cardiidae by Squires and Demetrion (1992), Vera-Peláez et al. (2004) and Moneer et al. (2024).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1851 | Acanthocardia Gray |
| 1907 | Cardium (Acanthocardia) Melvill |
| 1935 | Cardium (Acanthocardia) Oostingh p. 177 |
| 1953 | Cardium (Anthocardia) Richards p. 53 |
| 1980 | Acanthocardia Vokes p. 126 |
| 1983 | Acanthocardia Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 96 |
| 1984 | Acanthocardia Squires p. 49 |
| 1987 | Acanthocardia Squires p. 65 |
| 1988 | Acanthocardia Freneix et al. p. 426 |
| 1992 | Acanthocardia Squires and Demetrion p. 42 |
| 2002 | Acanthocardia Schneider p. 351 figs. Figure 25 |
| 2002 | Acanthocardia Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Acanthocardia Moore |
| 2004 | Acanthocardia Vera-Peláez et al. p. 255 |
| 2010 | Acanthocardia Bouchet et al. |
| 2024 | Acanthocardia Moneer et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Acanthocardia Gray 1851
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Subg. Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) Gray 1851
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Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) aculeata Linnaeus 1758
Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata Linnaeus 1767
†Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) kirkerensis Clark 1918
†Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) reedi Loel and Corey 1932
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Invalid names: Ciliatocardium snatolense Krishtofovich and Ilyina 1947 [synonym]
Subg. †Acanthocardia (Agnocardia) Stewart 1930
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†Agnocardia acrocome Dall 1900
†Agnocardia alternata Hubbard 1920
†Agnocardia cinderellae Maury 1917
†Agnocardia claibornense Aldrich 1911
†Agnocardia convexa Deshayes 1858
†Agnocardia cossmanni Vincent 1882
†Agnocardia dissidepictum Woodring 1925
†Agnocardia elnaggari Abbass 1972
†Agnocardia glebosum Conrad 1848
†Agnocardia machaporiensis Maury 1925
Agnocardia mahgoobi Abbass 1972
Agnocardia mokattamensis Abbass 1972
†Agnocardia pessoae Maury 1925
†Agnocardia rectispina Koenen 1893
†Agnocardia sorrentoensis Hanna 1927
†Agnocardia spinosifrons Vokes 1984
†Agnocardia thalassium Maury 1925
Subg. †Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) Stewart 1930
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†Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) gehannamensis Strougo 1977
†Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) tuomeyi Aldrich 1886
†Acanthocardia afra Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia becksii Muller 1847
Acanthocardia brunettii La Perna and D'Abramo 2013
†Acanthocardia hanseata Kautsky 1925
†Acanthocardia maputi Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia massintonti Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia mozambensis Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
Acanthocardia paucicostata Sowerby 1834
†Cardium (Acanthocardia) cheribonense Oostingh 1935
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Coniacian to the top of the Holocene or 89.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Collections (164 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coniacian - Santonian | Gabon | A. denticulata (175358) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Mozambique | A. griesbachi (174826) | |
| Danian | Libya | A. becksii (77235) | |
| Danian - Selandian | Egypt | Cardium becksii (87000) | |
| Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Alabama) | A. tuomeyi (85330 85562 85563) | |
| Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Texas) | A. tuomeyi (84649 84651) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | USA (Georgia) | A. tuomeyi (91885) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | USA (Alabama) | A. tuomeyi (80286 80367 80386 90610) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Louisiana) | A. tuomeyi (92302) A. tuomeyi, Cardium tuomeyi (98913) Cardium tuomeyi (98692 98774 98777 98929 99719 99723 99724 99725 101123 101129 105201 105503 105505) | |
| Ypresian | USA (California) | Plagiocardium sp. (167604) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Louisiana) | Cardium tuomeyi (92277 98925 101128 105206 105208) | |
| Ypresian | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | A. sorrentoensis (5496) | |
| Eocene | USA (California) | A. breweri (194555) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Egypt | A. delanouei (3291) | |
| Lutetian | Mexico (Baja California) | A. sorrentoensis (5505) | |
| Lutetian | USA (South Carolina) | Agnocardia claibornense (52344) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Florida) | Cardium claibornense (41446) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Cardium claibornense (205421) | |
| Lutetian | USA (California) | A. sorrentoensis (8012) A. sp. (94826 94827) Cardium sorrentoensis (200720) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Russian Federation | Ciliatocardium reedi (50051) | |
| Middle Eocene | Egypt | A. delanouei (3293) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | A. breweri (194184 194185 194186 194187 194188 194441) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | Agnocardia claibornensis (98463) | |
| Bartonian | USA (South Carolina) | Agnocardia sp. A (91762) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Agnocardia claibornensis (90600) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Florida) | Agnocardia sp. (92383 92384) Cardium claibornense (41453 61109) | |
| Priabonian | Egypt (Fayum) | Schedocardia gehannamensis (74738 235099) | |
| Priabonian | Egypt | Schedocardia gehannamensis (234886 234887 234890 234891) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Georgia) | Cardium glebosum (60832) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Mississippi) | Agnocardia glebosum (5500 5612 5779 5787 5788 5805 5867 5941 5943 5944 6002 6004) Cardium glebosum (84137) | |
| Oligocene | Russian Federation | Ciliatocardium reedi (49974) | |
| Chattian | Austria (Lower Austria) | A. bojorum (55244) | |
| Chattian | Austria | A. bokorum (77734) | |
| Aquitanian | France (Aquitaine) | A. polycolpatum, Carduim fraternum (74865) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Germany | A. grandis (171410) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Austria | A. turonica (180341) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | Cardium pessoae, Cardium thalassium (60979) | |
| Burdigalian | Austria | A. michelottianum, A. moeschanum (65161 77403) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Florida) | Agnocardia acrocome (89574 92379) Cardium ctenolium (42482) Cardium propeciliare (42328 42367) Cardium propeciliare, Cardium acrocome (41760) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany | A. hanseata (111599) | |
| Middle Miocene | Austria (Vienna) | A. turonica (174159) | |
| Middle Miocene | Bulgaria | A. antonihoffmani, A. turonica, A. paucicostata (60312) A. paucicostata (60288 60292) | |
| Serravallian | Belgium | A. hanseata (77858) | |
| Serravallian | Greece | Cardium echinatum (72305) | |
| Serravallian | Hungary | A. allae (34739) | |
| Badenian | Poland | A. paucicostata (32515 32516 51687) | |
| Badenian | Slovakia | A. schafferi (73137) A. sp. (145916) | |
| Tortonian | Belgium | A. hanseata (77863 77864 77865 77866 77867 77868 77869 77870 77871) | |
| Tortonian | Italy (Pordenone) | A. deshayesi (37368) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Cardium echinatum (72310) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Spain | A. echinata (69789) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Morocco | A. paucicostata (173166) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Borneo) | A. greenoughi, A. carolimartini (42339) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Philippines | A. denticostulatum (70138) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | A. aculeata (70863 70886) A. aculeata, A. echinata (70884) | |
| Messinian | Dominican Republic | Agnocardia cinderellae (89557 89564 131666) | |
| Messinian | Italy | A. echinata (168730 207783) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Dominican Republic | Agnocardia cinderellae (74967 75036 75037 89541) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Dominican Republic | Cardium cinderellae (58819) | |
| Zanclean | Belgium | A. echinata (126155) | |
| Zanclean | Greece | A. echinata (72318) | |
| Zanclean | Dominican Republic | Agnocardia cinderellae (74968 80084) | |
| Pliocene | Cyprus | Cardium echinatum (34689) | |
| Pliocene | Italy | Cardium echinatum (72303) | |
| Pliocene | Indonesia | Cardium cheribonense (84520 84523 84533) | |
| Pliocene | Iceland | Cardium echinatum (79904) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Jamaica | Agnocardia dissipectum (69093) Cardium dissidepictum (58522) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | Agnocardia spinosifrons (92380) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | United Kingdom (England) | Cardium echinatum (84759 84819) | |
| Piacenzian | Algeria (Relizane) | A. paucicostata (168387) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece | A. echinata (72414) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy (Emilia-Romagna) | A. paucicostata (178117) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | Yemen | Cardium sp. (55372) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | A. echinata, A. paucicostata (77008) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Ireland | Cardium echinatum (178118) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Morocco | Cardium echinatum (127571) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | A. paucicostata (76576 76579 76580) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Poland | Cardium echinatum (64109) | |
| Holocene | France | A. paucicostata (56806) |