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Enantiornithes
Taxonomy
Enantiornithes was named by Walker (1981). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Ji et al. (1999) and Chiappe (2002).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Enantiornithes by Sereno (2000), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); it was reranked as the infraclass Enantiornithes by Kurochkin (2000).
It was assigned to Sauriurae by Kurochkin (2000); to Aves by Walker (1981), Zhang and Zhou (2000), Zhou and Zhang (2006) and Li and Hou (2011); to Pygostylia by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Sanz et al. (1996), Sereno (1998), Ji et al. (1999), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Chiappe (2002), Chatterjee and Templin (2007), Osi (2008), Cau and Arduini (2008), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); and to Avialae by Norell and Clarke (2001), Padian (2004), Clarke et al. (2005) and Álvarez Herrera et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Enantiornithes by Sereno (2000), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); it was reranked as the infraclass Enantiornithes by Kurochkin (2000).
It was assigned to Sauriurae by Kurochkin (2000); to Aves by Walker (1981), Zhang and Zhou (2000), Zhou and Zhang (2006) and Li and Hou (2011); to Pygostylia by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Sanz et al. (1996), Sereno (1998), Ji et al. (1999), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Chiappe (2002), Chatterjee and Templin (2007), Osi (2008), Cau and Arduini (2008), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); and to Avialae by Norell and Clarke (2001), Padian (2004), Clarke et al. (2005) and Álvarez Herrera et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Aberratiodontuidae, Alexornithiformes, Avimaia, Avisauridae, Bohaiornithidae, Boluochiformes, Brevirostruavis, Castignovolucris, Cathayornis, Cathayornis aberransis, Cathayornis chabuensis, Cathayornithiformes, Concornis, Cruralispennia, Dunhuangia, Elektorornis, Elsornis, Enantiornithiformes, Eoalulavis, Eocathayornis, Eoenantiornis, Eoenantiornithiformes, Euenantiornithes, Euornithiformes, Evgenavis, Falcatakely, Feitianius, Flexomornis, Fortunguavis, Gobipipus, Gobipteryx, Gretcheniao, Holbotia, Houornis, Huoshanornis, Iberomesornis, Junornis, Lectavis, Linyiornis, Longipterygidae, Longipterygiformes, Longirostravisiformes, Microenantiornis, Mirusavis, Monoenantiornis, Musivavis, Noguerornis, Orienantius, Otogornis, Paraprotopteryx, Parvavis, Pengornithidae, Piscivorenantiornis, Protopterygiformes, Protopteryx, Pterygornis, Qiliania, Shangyang, Sinornis, Vescornis, Xiangornis, Yatenavis, Yuanjiawaornis, Yungavolucris, Yuornis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1981 | Enantiornithes Walker p. 51 |
1994 | Enantiornithes Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1 |
1996 | Enantiornithes Sanz et al. p. 442 |
1998 | Enantiornithes Sereno p. 65 |
1999 | Enantiornithes Ji et al. p. 5 |
1999 | Enantiornithes Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
2000 | Enantiornithes Kurochkin p. 533 |
2000 | Enantiornithes Sereno |
2000 | Enantiornithes Zhang and Zhou p. 1955 |
2001 | Enantiornithes Norell and Clarke p. 183 |
2002 | Enantiornithes Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
2002 | Cathayornis aberransis HOu and et al. |
2002 | Cathayornis aberransis Hou and et al. |
2004 | Enantiornithes Padian p. 212 |
2005 | Enantiornithes Clarke et al. p. 307 |
2006 | Enantiornithes Zhou and Zhang p. 79 |
2007 | Enantiornithes Chatterjee and Templin p. 1577 fig. 4 |
2008 | Enantiornithes Cau and Arduini |
2008 | Cathayornis chabuensis Li et al. p. 1116 figs. 3a, b; 4a, b |
2008 | Enantiornithes Osi |
2010 | Cathayornis aberransis O'Connor and Dyke p. 17 |
2010 | Enantiornithes Tykoski and Fiorillo p. 288 |
2010 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. p. 247 |
2011 | Enantiornithes Li and Hou p. 40 |
2013 | Enantiornithes Kurochkin et al. |
2013 | Enantiornithes O'Connor and Zelenkov |
2014 | Enantiornithes O'Connor and Sullivan |
2014 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. |
2014 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. |
2014 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. |
2014 | Enantiornithes Zhang et al. |
2015 | Enantiornithes Wang and Liu |
2016 | Enantiornithes O'Connor et al. |
2017 | Enantiornithes Hu and O'Connor |
2017 | Enantiornithes Liu et al. |
2017 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. |
2017 | Enantiornithes Wei and Li |
2019 | Enantiornithes Chiappe et al. |
2019 | Enantiornithes Liu et al. |
2019 | Enantiornithes Wang and Zhou |
2020 | Enantiornithes Wang et al. |
2023 | Enantiornithes Álvarez Herrera et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. †Enantiornithes Walker 1981
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Or. †Alexornithiformes Brodkorb 1976
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Fm. †Alexornithidae Brodkorb 1976
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Invalid names: Gobipterygidae Elzanowski 1974 [synonym], Zhyraornithidae Nessov 1984 [synonym]
Fm. †Avisauridae Brett-Surman and Paul 1985
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Fm. †Bohaiornithidae Wang et al. 2014
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G. †Cathayornis Zhou et al. 1992
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†Cathayornis yandica Zhou et al. 1992
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Invalid names: Cuspirostrisornis houi Hou 1997 [synonym], Largirostrornis sexdentornis Hou 1997 [synonym]
Or. †Cathayornithiformes Zhou et al. 1992
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Fm. †Alethoalaornithidae Li et al. 2007
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Fm. †Cathayornithidae Zhou et al. 1992
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Superor. †Euenantiornithes Chiappe 2002
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Or. †Apsaraviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Invalid names: Apsaravidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
G. †Enantiornis Walker 1981
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†Enantiornis leali Walker 1981
†Enantiornis martini Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
†Enantiornis walkeri Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
G. †Martinavis Walker et al. 2007
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†Martinavis cruzyensis Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis minor Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis saltariensis Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis vincei Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis whetstonei Walker and Dyke 2009
Or. †Rahonaviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Invalid names: Rahonavidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
Invalid names: Liaoxiornis Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium], Liaoxiornis delicatus Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium]
G. †Gobipteryx Elzanowski 1974
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Fm. †Longipterygidae Zhang et al. 2000
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G. †Camptodontornis Demirjian 2019
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†Camptodontornis yangi Li et al. 2010
Invalid names: Camptodontus Li et al. 2010 [replaced]
Or. †Longirostravisiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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Invalid names: Longirostravisidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Fm. †Pengornithidae Wang et al. 2014
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Or. †Protopterygiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
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Invalid names: Protopterygidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Invalid names: Aberratiodontuidae Gong et al. 2004 [empty], Cathayornis aberransis Hou 2002 [nomen dubium], Cathayornis chabuensis Li et al. 2008 [nomen dubium], Enantiornithiformes [empty], Longipterygiformes Zhang et al. 2000 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available