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Meganisoptera (griffinfly)
Taxonomy
Meganisoptera was named by Martynov (1932). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Palaeoptera by Martynov (1932); to Euodonatoptera by Bechly et al. (2001) and Bechly (2007); and to Neodonatoptera by Brauckmann et al. (2003) and Nel et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Palaeoptera by Martynov (1932); to Euodonatoptera by Bechly et al. (2001) and Bechly (2007); and to Neodonatoptera by Brauckmann et al. (2003) and Nel et al. (2009).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1885 | Protodonata Brongniart p. 65 |
1932 | Meganisoptera Martynov |
1952 | Protodonata Laurentiaux-Vieira et al. |
1992 | Protodonata Carpenter p. 59 |
2001 | Meganisoptera Bechly et al. |
2003 | Meganisoptera Brauckmann et al. p. 35 |
2007 | Meganisoptera Bechly |
2009 | Meganisoptera Nel et al. p. 93 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Meganisoptera Martynov 1932 [griffinfly]
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Fm. †Aulertupidae Zessin and Brauckmann 2010
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Fm. †Kohlwaldiidae Guthörl 1962
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Fm. †Meganeuridae Handlirsch 1906
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Subfm. †Carpentertypinae Zessin 1983
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Subfm. †Meganeurinae Handlirsch 1906
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G. †Meganeura Brongniart 1885
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†Meganeura monyi Brongniart 1884
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Invalid names: Meganeura aeroplana Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura brongniarti Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Meganeura brongniartiana Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura draco Handlirsch 1919 [synonym], Meganeura fafnir Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Meganeurella rapax Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]
Invalid names: Meganeurella Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]
G. †Meganeuropsis Carpenter 1939
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†Meganeuropsis americana Carpenter 1947
†Meganeuropsis permiana Carpenter 1939
G. †Oligotypus Carpenter 1931
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†Oligotypus huangheensis Prokop et al. 2008
†Oligotypus makowskii Carpenter and Richardson 1971
†Oligotypus tillyardi Carpenter 1931
†Oligotypus tuscaloosae Beckemeyer and Engel 2011
Invalid names: Sinomeganeura Prokop et al. 2008 [synonym]
Subfm. †Piesbergtupinae Zessin 2006
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G. †Shenzhousia Zhang and Hong 2006
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†Shenzhousia qilianshanensis Zhang and Hong 2006
†Shenzhousia readi Carpenter 1933
Subfm. †Tupinae Handlirsch 1919
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G. †Arctotypus Martynov 1932
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†Arctotypus carbonicus Hong 1985
†Arctotypus diluculum Whalley 1980
†Arctotypus fortis Zalessky 1950
†Arctotypus gallicus Nel et al. 2009
†Arctotypus giganteus Nel et al. 2009
†Arctotypus intermedius Nel et al. 2009
†Arctotypus merifonsensis Nel et al. 2009
†Arctotypus sinuatus Martynov 1932
†Arctotypus sylvaensis Martynov 1940
G. †Curvitupus Nel et al. 2009
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†Curvitupus ariegensis Nel et al. 2009
†Curvitupus elongatus Zalessky 1950
†Curvitupus magnificus Zalessky 1950
†Curvitupus verneti Laurentiaux-Vieira and Laurentiaux 1963
G. †Megatypus Tillyard 1925
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†Megatypus ingentissimus Tillyard 1925
†Megatypus parvus Engel 1998
†Megatypus schucherti Tillyard 1925
†Megatypus vetustus Carpenter 1933
G. †Permotupus Nel et al. 2009
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†Permotupus minor Nel et al. 2009
†Permotupus ollieorum Nel et al. 2009
G. †Tupus Sellards 1906
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†Tupus gallicus Nel et al. 2009
†Tupus gilmorei Carpenter 1927
†Tupus gracilis Carpenter 1947
†Tupus orientalis Zhang et al. 2012
†Tupus permianus Sellards 1906
†Tupus whitei Carpenter 1928
Invalid names: Paragilsonia Zhang et al. 2012 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oligotypus britannicus Laurentiaux 1958 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Oligotypinae Carpenter 1947 [empty], Stephanotypinae Zessin 2006 [empty], Typidae Handlirsch 1919 [synonym]
Fm. †Namurotypidae Bechly 1996
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Fm. †Paralogidae Handlirsch 1906
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G. †Paralogus Scudder 1893
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†Paralogus aeschnoides Scudder 1893
†Paralogus hispanicus Nel et al. 2009
G. †Truemania Bolton 1934
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†Truemania multiplicata Bolton 1922
Invalid names: Tillyardia Bolton 1922 [replaced]
Invalid names: Protodonata Brongniart 1885 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 |
Age range: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Capitanian or 318.10000 to 259.90000 Ma
Collections (62 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Bashkirian | China (Ningxia) | Paragilsonia orientalis (140832) | |
Marsdenian | Germany (Ruhr) | Namurotypus sippeli (110939 155260) | |
Westphalian A | USA (Alabama) | Oligotypus tuscaloosae (126587) | |
Westphalian A | United Kingdom (England) | Tupus diluculum (105042) | |
Yeadonian | USA (Georgia) | Typus durhami (111035) | |
Moscovian | USA (Illinois) | Aulertupus tembrocki (102530) | |
Moscovian | Czech Republic | Bohemiatupus elegans (104948) | |
Westphalian B | United Kingdom (England) | Oligotypus britannicus (105060) | |
Westphalian B | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Asapheneura roussini (155433) | |
Westphalian B - Westphalian C | China (Ningxia) | Shenzhousia qilianshanensis (102981) Shenzhousia qilianshanensis, Sinomeganeura huangheensis, Tupus orientalis (139576) | |
Westphalian C - Westphalian D | USA (Rhode Island) | Paralogus aeschnoides (111052) | |
Westphalian C - Westphalian D | France | Gallotupus oudardi (122504) | |
Westphalian C - Westphalian D | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Tillyardia multiplicata (127547) | |
Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Meganeura sp. (155666) | |
Westphalian D | United Kingdom (England) | Boltonites radstockensis (105765) Meganeura radstockensis (127035) | |
Westphalian D | USA (Pennsylvania) | Palaeotherates analis (114649) Palaeotherates pennsylvanicus (111045) | |
Westphalian D | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Piesbergtupus hielscheri (122518) | |
Westphalian D | France | Protodonata indet. (155431) | |
Westphalian D | Germany | Kohlwaldia kuehni (146351) | |
Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Alanympha richardsoni (112638) Dragonympha srokai (133734) Oligotypus makowskii (151850) Paralogopsis longipes (112630) | |
Stephanian - Asselian | Spain | Paralogus hispanicus (104989) | |
Gzhelian | France | Dictyoneura monyi, Meganeura brongniarti, Meganeura brongniartiana, Meganeura fafnir, Meganeura draco, Meganeura aeroplana, Meganeura selysii (103635) Meganeurella rapax, Meganeurites gracilipes, Meganeurina confusa, Gilsonia titana (121979) | |
Stephanian C | Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) | Protodonata indet. (122578) | |
Stephanian C | Germany | Stephanotypus schneideri (111009) | |
Asselian | Czech Republic | Stephanotypus sp. (114186) | |
Asselian - Sakmarian | Germany (Oberfranken) | Ephemerites rueckerti (122599) | |
Artinskian | France (Languedoc) | Arctotypus gallicus (105044) | |
Artinskian | USA (Arizona) | Typus gilmorei (123973) | |
Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Meganeuropsis americana (104822) Meganeuropsis americana, Oligotypus tillyardi (104824) Meganeuropsis americana, Typus gracilis (104823) | |
Artinskian | China (Shanxi) | Arctotypus carbonicus (140458) | |
Artinskian | USA (Kansas) | Meganeuridae indet., Typus sp., Megatypus schucherti, Megatypus ingentissimus, Typus permianus (111219) Megatypus parvus (111229) Oligotypus sp., Oligotypus tillyardi, Megatypus schucherti, Typus permianus (111217) Oligotypus tillyardi, Megatypus vetustus, Typus readi, Typus permianus (111319) Oligotypus tillyardi, Tupus sp., Tupus readi (111365) Protodonata indet. (111320) Tupus permianus (21979) Typus readi, Typus permianus, Meganeuropsis permiana (114151) | |
Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Arizona) | Typus whitei (11150) | |
Kungurian | France | Curvitupus ariegensis (103637) | |
Kungurian | Russian Federation (Suksun) | Arctotypus sylvaensis (116641) | |
Kungurian | France (Languedoc) | Arctotypus gallicus (105045) Arctotypus intermedius, Nannotupus pumilio (105047) Arctotypus sp. (105048) Nannotupus pumilio (105053) Permotupus minor (105052) Tupus gallicus, Arctotypus merifonsensis, Arctotypus intermedius, Permotupus ollieorum (104990) | |
Kungurian | Russian Federation (Perm) | Arctotypus magnificus, Arctotypus elongatus, Petrotypus multivenosus (111218) | |
Roadian | Russian Federation (Arkangelsk) | Arctotypus sinuatus (104993) Arctotypus sp., Arctotypus sinuatus, Arctotypus giganteus (104992) | |
Roadian | France | Arctotypus verneti (128570) | |
Capitanian | Russian Federation | Meganisoptera indet. (125134) |