Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Neuropterida

Insecta

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2004Neuropterida Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence
2006Neuropterida Beutel and Pohl
2009Neuropterida Engel
2014Neuropterida Misof et al.
2014Neuropterida Peters et al.
2022Neuropterida Engel

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
classInsecta
—Dicondylia
RankNameAuthor
—Paranotalia
subclassPterygota()
—NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
—Holometabola
—Aparaglossata
—Neuropteriformia
superorderNeuropterida
superorderNeuropterida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Neuropterida
show all | hide all
Unr. Metaxyneuroptera Engel 2022
+
Unr. Eidoneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
+
Or. Megaloptera Latreille 1802 [alderfly]
+
G. †Chauliosialis Ponomarenko 1976
+
†Chauliosialis sukatshevae Ponomarenko 1976
G. †Nematophlebia Cockerell 1915
+
†Nematophlebia plicata Cockerell 1915
Subor. Neomegaloptera Engel 2004
+
Infraor. Nothomegaloptera Engel 2004
Invalid names: Archimegaloptera Engel 2004 [empty], Sialodea Hagen 1861 [invalid subgroup], Siarapha Shcherbakov 2013 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Neuroptera Linnaeus 1758 [lacewing]
+
G. †Actinophlebioides Jepson et al. 2009
+
†Actinophlebioides valdensis Jepson et al. 2009
G. †Archedilaropsis Martynov 1935
+
†Archedilaropsis furcata Martynov 1935
G. †Archegetes Handlirsch 1906
+
†Archegetes neuropterorum Handlirsch 1906
G. †Besobrasovia Cockerell 1928
+
†Besobrasovia latissima Cockerell 1928
G. †Callospilopteron Cockerell 1921
+
†Callospilopteron ocellatum Cockerell 1921
Superfm. Coniopterygoidea Burmeister 1839
+
Fm. Coniopterygidae Burmeister 1839 [dustywing]
G. †Cratosisyrops Martins-Neto 1997
+
†Cratosisyrops gonzagai Martins-Neto 1997
G. †Dicranoptila Handlirsch 1906
+
†Dicranoptila deichmuelleri Handlirsch 1906
Fm. †Dipteromantispidae Makarkin et al. 2013
+
G. †Burmodipteromantispa Liu et al. 2016
G. †Dipteromantispa Makarkin et al. 2013
G. †Enigmadipteromantispa Azar et al. 2020
G. †Halteriomantispa Liu et al. 2016
G. †Jersimantispa Liu et al. 2016
G. †Kurtodipteromantispa Li and Liu 2020
G. †Mantispidiptera Grimaldi 2000
G. †Mantispidipterella Liu et al. 2016
G. †Paradipteromantispa Li et al. 2020
Unr. Euneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
+
Superfm. Dilaroidea Newman 1853
Superfm. Mantispoidea Leach 1815
Unr. Neoneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
Superfm. Osmyloidea Leach 1815
G. †Gigantotermes Haase 1890
+
†Gigantotermes excelsus Oppenheim 1888
G. †Glottopteryx Makarkin and Archibald 2005
+
Invalid names: Glottidia Bode 1953 [replaced]
Unr. †Grammomorpha Khramov and Vasilenko 2018
+
Fm. †Panfiloviidae Makarkin 1990
+
Invalid names: Grammosmylidae Panfilov 1980 [replaced]
G. †Hongosmylites Makarkin and Archibald 2005
+
†Hongosmylites longus Hong 1996
Invalid names: Sinosmylites Hong 1996 [replaced]
G. †Idiastogyia Lin 1986
+
†Idiastogyia fatisca Lin 1986
G. †Ineptiae Handlirsch 1906
+
†Ineptiae meunieri Handlirsch 1906
G. †Kirgisella Martynov 1925
+
†Kirgisella ornata Martynov 1925
Invalid names: Kirgisellodes Martynov 1937 [objective synonym]
G. †Loxophleps Handlirsch 1939
+
†Loxophleps costalis Handlirsch 1939
G. †Melamnous Handlirsch 1939
+
†Melamnous indistinctus Handlirsch 1939
G. †Melaneimon Handlirsch 1939
+
†Melaneimon dubium Handlirsch 1939
G. †Mesohemerobius Ping 1928
+
G. †Mesoleon Handlirsch 1906
+
†Mesoleon dobbertinianus Handlirsch 1906
G. †Neuropterites Novák 1878
+
†Neuropterites depertitus Novák 1878
Fm. Panorpatae Latreille 1802 [common scorpionfly]
+
G. Nemoptera Latreille 1802
Fm. †Parakseneuridae Yang et al. 2012
+
G. †Parakseneura Yang et al. 2012
G. †Pseudorapisma Yang et al. 2012
G. †Shuraboneura Khramov and Makarkin 2012
G. †Parasisyra Zalessky 1933
+
†Parasisyra kargalica Zalessky 1933
G. †Permorhipida Haupt 1952
+
G. †Protohemerobius Jepson et al. 2009
+
†Protohemerobius perexiguus Jepson et al. 2009
G. †Protopsychopsis Tillyard 1917
+
†Protopsychopsis venosa Tillyard 1917
G. †Pseudocorydasialis Jepson et al. 2012
+
†Pseudocorydasialis alleni Jepson et al. 2012
G. †Pseudomyrmeleon Handlirsch 1906
+
†Pseudomyrmeleon extinctus Weyenbergh 1869
G. †Sibithone Ponomarenko 1984
+
†Sibithone dichotoma Ponomarenko 1984
G. †Yanosmylus Ren 1995
+
Invalid names: Archeosmylus alysius Whalley 1988 [nomen dubium], Archeosmylus complesus Whalley 1988 [nomen dubium], Hemerobiiformia Henry 1982 [invalid subgroup], Hemerobini Latreille 1802 [empty], Libellulinae Latreille 1802 [empty], Myrmeleonidae Latreille 1802 [empty], Nevrorthiformia Aspöck 1995 [empty], Nymphes fossilis Hagen 1862 [nomen nudum], Papilionaceae Latreille 1802 [empty], Parasisyridae Zalessky 1933 [invalid subgroup], Perlariae Latreille 1802 [empty], Planipennia Latreille 1817 [synonym], Raphidioidea Handlirsch 1908 [empty]
Or. †Protoneuroptera Grimaldi and Engel 2005
+
Fm. †Permoberothidae Tillyard 1932
+
G. †Moscheloptera Pérez-de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
†Moscheloptera phantasma Pérez-de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Permoberotha Tillyard 1932
+
†Permoberotha villosa Tillyard 1932
+
Invalid names: Dictyobiella nervosa Tillyard 1937 [synonym], Permoberotha convergens Tillyard 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dictyobiella Tillyard 1937 [synonym]
G. †Sylvaelytron Novokshonov 1998
+
†Sylvaelytron latipennatum Novokshonov 1998
Invalid names: Permoberothinae Tillyard 1937 [empty]
Fm. †Permithonidae Tillyard 1922
+
G. †Elmothone Carpenter 1976
+
†Elmothone martynovae Carpenter 1976
G. †Eopsychops Martynov 1932
+
†Eopsychops angaridensis Martynova 1961
†Eopsychops sojanensis Martynov 1932
G. †Jurla Vilesov 1995
+
†Jurla bisubcostata Vilesov 1995
G. †Kunguromaritus Vilesov 1995
+
†Kunguromaritus guttatus Vilesov 1995
†Kunguromaritus lacer Vilesov 1995
G. †Lodevosisyra Prokop et al. 2015
+
†Lodevosisyra reducta Prokop et al. 2015
G. †Lodevothone Prokop et al. 2015
+
†Lodevothone pectinata Prokop et al. 2015
G. †Okolpania Vilesov 1995
+
†Okolpania captiosa Vilesov 1995
†Okolpania eugeniae Makarkin and Shcherbakov 2009
†Okolpania favorabilis Novokshonov and Novokshonova 1997
†Okolpania observabilis Vilesov 1995
G. †Osmythone Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
+
†Osmythone neoxenus Riek 1953
G. †Palaemerobius Martynov 1928
+
†Palaemerobius avus Martynova 1952
†Palaemerobius latibasis Martynova 1961
†Palaemerobius proavitus Martynov 1928
G. †Permantispa Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
+
†Permantispa emelyanovi Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permegalomus Martynov 1931
+
†Permegalomus maculipennis Martynov 1932
+
Invalid names: Permithonopsis triramosa Martynova 1952 [synonym]
†Permegalomus regularis Martynov 1931
†Permegalomus spectabilis Martynova 1952
Invalid names: Bianchia Martynova 1952 [synonym]
G. †Permerobius Novokshonov 1996
+
†Permerobius latibasis Martynova 1961
G. †Permipsythone Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
+
†Permipsythone panfilovi Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
†Permipsythone perantiqua Martynova 1961
G. †Permithone Tillyard 1922
+
†Permithone belmontensis Tillyard 1922
+
Invalid names: Permosmylus pincombeae Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permithone oliarcoides Tillyard 1926
Invalid names: Permosmylus Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
G. †Permithonopsis Martynov 1932
+
†Permithonopsis cellulosa Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis dubia Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permithonopsis enormis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis grandis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis ivensis Martynov 1932
+
Invalid names: Permithonopsis proxima Martynov 1932 [synonym]
†Permithonopsis kaltanensis Martynova 1961
†Permithonopsis longifurcata Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis obscura Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis sharovi Martynova 1961
G. †Permopsychops Tillyard 1926
+
†Permopsychops belmontensis Tillyard 1926
+
Invalid names: Permithone venosa Davis 1943 [synonym]
†Permopsychops karaungirensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permopsychops saurensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Permorapisma Tillyard 1926
+
†Permorapisma biserialis Tillyard 1926
+
Invalid names: Permorapisma triserialis Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permorapisma fragmentata Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permorapisma gori Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permosisyra Martynov 1932
+
†Permosisyra latipennis Martynov 1932
†Permosisyra paurovenosa Martynova 1952
+
Invalid names: Sialidopsis sojanensis Martynova 1952 [objective synonym]
†Permosisyra punctata Martynov 1932
G. †Sauropsychops Novokshonov 1996
+
†Sauropsychops kazakhstanensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Sauropsychops tillyardi Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Sialidopsis Zalessky 1926
+
†Sialidopsis kargalensis Zalessky 1926
†Sialidopsis similis Martynov 1937
G. †Sismerobius Riek 1976
+
†Sismerobius pusillus Riek 1976
G. †Sylvamarita Vilesov 1995
+
†Sylvamarita minor Vilesov 1995
G. †Sylvasenex Vilesov 1995
+
†Sylvasenex lacrimabunda Vilesov 1995
G. †Tshekardithonopsis Vilesov 1995
+
†Tshekardithonopsis pictus Vilesov 1995
G. †Tychtobius Martynova 1958
+
†Tychtobius brevicostatus Martynova 1958
G. †Uralisyra Vilesov 1995
+
†Uralisyra angusta Vilesov 1995
†Uralisyra prolubnikovi Vilesov 1995
Invalid names: Palaemerobiidae Martynov 1928 [synonym], Permegalomidae Martynova 1952 [synonym], Permopsychopsidae Riek 1953 [synonym], Permosisyridae Martynov 1932 [synonym], Sialidopsidae Zalessky 1928 [synonym]
Subor. †Priscaenigmatomorpha Engel 2002
+
Fm. †Chrysoraphidiidae Liu et al. 2014
+
G. †Chrysoraphidia Liu et al. 2013
+
†Chrysoraphidia relicta Liu et al. 2013
Fm. †Priscaenigmatidae Engel 2002
+
G. †Cretohondelagia Khramov 2020
+
†Cretohondelagia viridis Khramov 2020
G. †Hondelagia Bode 1953
+
†Hondelagia reticulata Bode 1953
G. †Priscaenigma Whalley 1985
+
†Priscaenigma obtusa Whalley 1985
G. †Sukachevia Khramov 2020
+
†Sukachevia pulchra Khramov 2020
Or. Raphidioptera Handlirsch 1908 [snakefly]
+
G. †Caririraphidia Martins-Neto 2002
+
†Caririraphidia reticulata Martins-Neto 2002
†Caririraphidia sertaneja Martins-Neto 2002
G. †Cratoraphidia Martins-Neto and Nel 1993
Fm. †Juroraphidiidae Liu et al. 2014
+
G. †Juroraphidia Liu et al. 2014
+
†Juroraphidia longicollum Liu et al. 2014
Fm. †Nanosialidae Shcherbakov 2013
+
Subfm. †Nanosialinae Shcherbakov 2013
+
G. †Hymega Shcherbakov 2013
+
†Hymega rasnitsyni Shcherbakov 2013
G. †Lydasialis Shcherbakov 2013
+
†Lydasialis micheneri Shcherbakov 2013
G. †Nanosialis Shcherbakov 2013
+
†Nanosialis bashkuevi Shcherbakov 2013
†Nanosialis ponomarenkoi Shcherbakov 2013
Subfm. †Raphisialinae Shcherbakov 2013
+
G. †Raphisialis Shcherbakov 2013
+
†Raphisialis martynovi Shcherbakov 2013
Fm. †Parasialidae Ponomarenko 1977
+
G. †Parasialis Ponomarenko 1977
+
†Parasialis dissedens Ponomarenko 1977
†Parasialis latipennis Ponomarenko 1977
†Parasialis ovata Ponomarenko 2000
†Parasialis rozhkovi Novokshonov 1993
G. †Sojanasialis Ponomarenko 1977
+
†Sojanasialis longipennis Ponomarenko 1977
Subor. Raphidiomorpha Engel 2002
+
Fm. †Baissopteridae Martynova 1961
+
G. †Allobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
+
†Allobaissoptera oligophlebia Lu et al. 2020
G. †Ascalapharia Novokshonov 1990
+
†Ascalapharia raphidiformis Novokshonov 1990
G. †Austroraphidia Willmann 1994
+
†Austroraphidia brasiliensis Nel et al. 1990
G. †Baissoptera Martynova 1961
+
†Baissoptera bicolor Lyu et al. 2017
†Baissoptera brasiliensis Oswald 1990
†Baissoptera burmana Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera cellulosa Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera cretaceoelectra Pérez-de la Fuente et al. 2012
†Baissoptera elongata Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera grandis Ren 1995
+
Invalid names: Baissoptera euneura Ren 1997 [synonym]
†Baissoptera lisae Jepson et al. 2011
†Baissoptera maculata Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera martinsoni Martynova 1961
+
Invalid names: Baissoptera kolosnitsynae Martynova 1961 [synonym]
†Baissoptera monopoda Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera pankowskiorum Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera pulchra Martins-Neto and Nel 1993
†Baissoptera sibirica Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera sinica Lyu et al. 2017
†Baissoptera wangi Lu et al. 2020
Invalid names: Arariperaphidia Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 [synonym], Rudiraphidia Ren 1997 [synonym]
G. †Burmobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
+
†Burmobaissoptera jiaxiaoae Lu et al. 2020
G. †Cretoraphidia Ponomarenko 1993
+
†Cretoraphidia certa Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia macrocella Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia magna Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia reticulata Ponomarenko 1993
G. †Cretoraphidiopsis Engel 2002
+
Invalid names: Cretoraphidia Willmann 1994 [replaced]
G. †Dictyoraphidia Handlirsch 1910
+
†Dictyoraphidia veterana Scudder 1890
G. †Electrobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
+
†Electrobaissoptera burmanica Lu et al. 2020
†Electrobaissoptera liui Jouault et al. 2021
G. †Lugala Willmann 1994
+
†Lugala longissima Ponomarenko 1988
G. †Microbaissoptera Lyu et al. 2017
+
†Microbaissoptera minima Ponomarenko 1993
†Microbaissoptera monosticha Lyu et al. 2017
G. †Rhynchobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
+
†Rhynchobaissoptera hui Lu et al. 2020
G. †Stenobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
+
†Stenobaissoptera xiai Lu et al. 2020
Invalid names: Arariperaphidia rochai Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Raphidiformia Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
+
Unr. Euraphidioptera Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
+
Fm. †Metaraphidiidae Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
Infraor. Neoraphidioptera Engel 2007
Fm. †Mesoraphidiidae Martynov 1925
+
Subfm. †Alloraphidiinae Carpenter 1967
Subfm. †Mesoraphidiinae Martynov 1925
+
Invalid names: Ororaphidiinae Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011 [synonym]
Tr. †Nanoraphidiini Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
Invalid names: Huaxiaraphidiidae Hong 1992 [synonym], Jilinoraphidiidae Hong and Chang 1989 [synonym], Sinoraphidiidae Hong 1982 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Asselian to the top of the Holocene or 298.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 295.5 Ma

Collections (570 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Asselian298.9 - 295.5Germany Moscheloptera phantasma (112604)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5Germany (Thüringer Wald) Permorhipida furcativenosa (128485)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3France (Languedoc) Lodevosisyra reducta (105044)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3USA (Oklahoma) Permoberotha villosa (104826)
Artinskian290.1 - 279.3USA (Kansas) Dictyobiella nervosa, Permoberotha convergens, Permoberotha villosa (111219) Elmothone martynovae (111217) Permoberotha convergens (111320) Permoberotha villosa (111319)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Russian Federation (Suksun) Kunguromaritus lacer (124241) Uralisyra angusta, Jurla bisubcostata, Okolpania observabilis, Sylvamarita minor, Tshekardithonopsis pictus, Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi, Kunguromaritus lacer, Kunguromaritus guttatus, Sylvasenex lacrimabunda, Sylvaelytron latipennatum (108206)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Russian Federation Okolpania eugeniae (115214) Okolpania favorabilis (107787) Parasialis rozhkovi, Uralisyra angusta, Uralisyra prolubnikovi, Okolpania captiosa, Tshekardithonopsis oblivius (114207)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3France Lodevothone pectinata (117604)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Permipsythone panfilovi (116121)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Russian Federation (Kazan) Permegalomus regularis (116803)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Russian Federation (Kemerovo) Palaemerobius latibasis (122568) Permithonopsis kaltanensis (122569) Permithonopsis perantiqua, Permithonopsis sharovi, Permithonopsis kaltanensis (104704)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Russian Federation (Arkangelsk) Eopsychops sojanensis, Permosisyra punctata, Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis sp. (111187) Parasialis latipennis, Parasialidae indet. (104992) Permegalomus maculipennis, Permosisyra latipennis, Permithonopsis proxima (104993) Permithonopsis grandis, Permithonopsis ivensis (116934) Permosisyra latipennis, Sialidopsis sojanensis, Permithonopsis paurovenosa, Permithonopsis enormis, Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis ivensis, Palaemerobius proavitus (116933) Sojanasialis longipennis, Parasialis dissedens, Bianchia spectabilis, Permithonopsis longifurcata, Permithonopsis cellulosa, Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis ivensis, Palaemerobius avus (104716)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Russian Federation Palaemerobius proavitus, Eopsychopsis permiana (116456) Parasialis dissedens, Permithonopsis triramosa, Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis obscura (96860)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Russian Federation (Kemerovo) Hemerobioidea indet., Neuroptera indet. (122566)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Russian Federation (Orenburg) Parasisyra kargalica (153668) Sialidopsis kargalensis (152757) Sialidopsis similis (116610)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Russian Federation Eopsychops angaridensis (124608) Tychtobius brevicostatus (122565)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Mongolia Parasialis ovata (97602)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Russian Federation (Vologda) Raphisialis martynovi, Lydasialis micheneri, Hymega rasnitsyni, Nanosialis ponomarenkoi, Nanosialis bashkuevi (104754)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Permantispa emelyanovi (108358)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17South Africa (Natal) Sismerobius pusillus, Archeosmylidae indet. (124428)