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Neuropterida
Taxonomy
Neuropterida is a superorder. It is extant.
It was assigned to Endoneoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); to Endopterygota by Beutel and Pohl (2006) and Engel (2009); to Neuropteroidea by Peters et al. (2014); and to Aparaglossata by Misof et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Endoneoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); to Endopterygota by Beutel and Pohl (2006) and Engel (2009); to Neuropteroidea by Peters et al. (2014); and to Aparaglossata by Misof et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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2004 | Neuropterida Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence |
2006 | Neuropterida Beutel and Pohl |
2009 | Neuropterida Engel |
2014 | Neuropterida Misof et al. |
2014 | Neuropterida Peters et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superor. Neuropterida
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Unr. Eidoneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
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Or. Megaloptera Latreille 1802 [alderfly]
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Invalid names: Archimegaloptera Engel 2004 [empty], Sialodea Hagen 1861 [invalid subgroup], Siarapha Shcherbakov 2013 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Neuroptera Linnaeus 1758 [lacewing]
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Superfm. Coniopterygoidea Burmeister 1839
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Fm. Coniopterygidae Burmeister 1839 [dustywing]
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Subfm. Aleuropteryginae Enderlein 1905
G. †Apoglaesoconis Grimaldi 2000
Subfm. Coniopteryginae Burmeister 1839
Subfm. †Cretaconiopteryginae Liu and Lu 2017
G. †Jurasiatypus Kaddumi 2005
G. †Paradoxoconis Chen et al. 2022
Fm. †Dipteromantispidae Makarkin et al. 2013
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G. †Kurtodipteromantispa Li and Liu 2020
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†Kurtodipteromantispa xiai Li et al. 2020
†Kurtodipteromantispa zhuodei Li and Liu 2020
Unr. Euneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
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Superfm. Mantispoidea Leach 1815
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Fm. Berothidae Handlirsch 1906 [beaded lacewing]
Fm. Mantispidae Leach 1815 [mantidfly]
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Invalid names: Liassochrysidae Nel et al. 2005 [synonym], Promantispidae Panfilov 1980 [synonym]
Fm. Rhachiberothidae Tjeder 1959 [thorny lacewing]
Unr. Neoneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
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Unr. Geoneuroptera Engel et al. 2018
Superfm. Hemerobioidea Latreille 1802
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Invalid names: Chrysopoidea Schneider 1851 [synonym], Polystoechotoidea Handlirsch 1906 [synonym]
Superfm. Osmyloidea Leach 1815
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Fm. †Archeosmylidae Riek 1953
Fm. Nevrorthidae Nakahara 1958
Fm. Osmylidae Leach 1815 [lance lacewing]
Fm. †Saucrosmylidae Ren and Yin 2003 [elegant lance lacewing]
Fm. Sisyridae Banks 1905 [spongillafly]
G. †Glottopteryx Makarkin and Archibald 2005
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†Glottopteryx multivenosa Bode 1953
Invalid names: Glottidia Bode 1953 [replaced]
Unr. †Grammomorpha Khramov and Vasilenko 2018
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Fm. †Panfiloviidae Makarkin 1990
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G. †Epipanfilovia Yang et al. 2013
G. †Opapanfilovia Khramov 2018
G. †Panfilovia Makarkin 1990
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Invalid names: Crammosmylus Panfilov 1980 [replaced], Grammosmylus Panfilov 1980 [replaced]
Invalid names: Grammosmylidae Panfilov 1980 [replaced]
G. †Hongosmylites Makarkin and Archibald 2005
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†Hongosmylites longus Hong 1996
Invalid names: Sinosmylites Hong 1996 [replaced]
G. †Kirgisella Martynov 1925
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†Kirgisella ornata Martynov 1925
Invalid names: Kirgisellodes Martynov 1937 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Parakseneuridae Yang et al. 2012
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G. †Parakseneura Yang et al. 2012
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†Parakseneura albadelta Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura albomacula Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura cavomaculata Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura curvivenis Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura directa Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura emarginata Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura inflata Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura metallica Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura nigrolinea Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura nigromacula Yang et al. 2012
†Parakseneura undula Yang et al. 2012
G. †Pseudorapisma Yang et al. 2012
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†Pseudorapisma angustipenne Yang et al. 2012
†Pseudorapisma jurassicum Yang et al. 2012
†Pseudorapisma maculatum Yang et al. 2012
Invalid names: Archeosmylus alysius Whalley 1988 [nomen dubium], Archeosmylus complesus Whalley 1988 [nomen dubium], Hemerobiiformia Henry 1982 [invalid subgroup], Hemerobini Latreille 1802 [empty], Libellulinae Latreille 1802 [empty], Myrmeleonidae Latreille 1802 [empty], Nevrorthiformia Aspöck 1995 [empty], Nymphes fossilis Hagen 1862 [nomen nudum], Papilionaceae Latreille 1802 [empty], Parasisyridae Zalessky 1933 [invalid subgroup], Perlariae Latreille 1802 [empty], Planipennia Latreille 1817 [synonym], Raphidioidea Handlirsch 1908 [empty]
Fm. †Permithonidae Tillyard 1922
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G. †Eopsychops Martynov 1932
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†Eopsychops angaridensis Martynova 1961
†Eopsychops sojanensis Martynov 1932
G. †Kunguromaritus Vilesov 1995
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†Kunguromaritus guttatus Vilesov 1995
†Kunguromaritus lacer Vilesov 1995
G. †Okolpania Vilesov 1995
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†Okolpania captiosa Vilesov 1995
†Okolpania eugeniae Makarkin and Shcherbakov 2009
†Okolpania favorabilis Novokshonov and Novokshonova 1997
†Okolpania observabilis Vilesov 1995
G. †Palaemerobius Martynov 1928
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†Palaemerobius avus Martynova 1952
†Palaemerobius latibasis Martynova 1961
†Palaemerobius proavitus Martynov 1928
G. †Permantispa Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
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†Permantispa emelyanovi Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permegalomus Martynov 1931
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†Permegalomus maculipennis Martynov 1932
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Invalid names: Permithonopsis triramosa Martynova 1952 [synonym]
†Permegalomus regularis Martynov 1931
†Permegalomus spectabilis Martynova 1952
Invalid names: Bianchia Martynova 1952 [synonym]
G. †Permipsythone Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
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†Permipsythone panfilovi Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
†Permipsythone perantiqua Martynova 1961
G. †Permithone Tillyard 1922
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†Permithone belmontensis Tillyard 1922
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Invalid names: Permosmylus pincombeae Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permithone oliarcoides Tillyard 1926
Invalid names: Permosmylus Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
G. †Permithonopsis Martynov 1932
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†Permithonopsis cellulosa Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis dubia Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permithonopsis enormis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis grandis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis ivensis Martynov 1932
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Invalid names: Permithonopsis proxima Martynov 1932 [synonym]
†Permithonopsis kaltanensis Martynova 1961
†Permithonopsis longifurcata Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis obscura Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis sharovi Martynova 1961
G. †Permopsychops Tillyard 1926
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†Permopsychops karaungirensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permopsychops saurensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Permorapisma Tillyard 1926
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†Permorapisma biserialis Tillyard 1926
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Invalid names: Permorapisma triserialis Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permorapisma fragmentata Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permorapisma gori Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permosisyra Martynov 1932
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†Permosisyra latipennis Martynov 1932
†Permosisyra paurovenosa Martynova 1952
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Invalid names: Sialidopsis sojanensis Martynova 1952 [objective synonym]
†Permosisyra punctata Martynov 1932
G. †Sauropsychops Novokshonov 1996
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†Sauropsychops kazakhstanensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Sauropsychops tillyardi Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Sialidopsis Zalessky 1926
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†Sialidopsis kargalensis Zalessky 1926
†Sialidopsis similis Martynov 1937
G. †Tshekardithonopsis Vilesov 1995
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†Tshekardithonopsis oblivius Vilesov 1995
†Tshekardithonopsis pictus Vilesov 1995
†Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi Vilesov 1995
Invalid names: Palaemerobiidae Martynov 1928 [synonym], Permegalomidae Martynova 1952 [synonym], Permopsychopsidae Riek 1953 [synonym], Permosisyridae Martynov 1932 [synonym], Sialidopsidae Zalessky 1928 [synonym]
Subor. †Priscaenigmatomorpha Engel 2002
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Fm. †Chrysoraphidiidae Liu et al. 2014
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Fm. †Priscaenigmatidae Engel 2002
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Or. Raphidioptera Handlirsch 1908 [snakefly]
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G. †Caririraphidia Martins-Neto 2002
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†Caririraphidia reticulata Martins-Neto 2002
†Caririraphidia sertaneja Martins-Neto 2002
G. †Cratoraphidia Martins-Neto and Nel 1993
Fm. †Juroraphidiidae Liu et al. 2014
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Fm. †Nanosialidae Shcherbakov 2013
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Subfm. †Nanosialinae Shcherbakov 2013
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G. †Nanosialis Shcherbakov 2013
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†Nanosialis bashkuevi Shcherbakov 2013
†Nanosialis ponomarenkoi Shcherbakov 2013
Subfm. †Raphisialinae Shcherbakov 2013
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Fm. †Parasialidae Ponomarenko 1977
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G. †Parasialis Ponomarenko 1977
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†Parasialis dissedens Ponomarenko 1977
†Parasialis latipennis Ponomarenko 1977
†Parasialis ovata Ponomarenko 2000
†Parasialis rozhkovi Novokshonov 1993
Subor. Raphidiomorpha Engel 2002
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Fm. †Baissopteridae Martynova 1961
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G. †Baissoptera Martynova 1961
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†Baissoptera bicolor Lyu et al. 2017
†Baissoptera brasiliensis Oswald 1990
†Baissoptera burmana Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera cellulosa Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera cretaceoelectra Pérez-de la Fuente et al. 2012
†Baissoptera elongata Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera liaoningensis Ren 1994
†Baissoptera lisae Jepson et al. 2011
†Baissoptera maculata Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera martinsoni Martynova 1961
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Invalid names: Baissoptera kolosnitsynae Martynova 1961 [synonym]
†Baissoptera monopoda Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera pankowskiorum Lu et al. 2020
†Baissoptera pulchra Martins-Neto and Nel 1993
†Baissoptera sibirica Ponomarenko 1993
†Baissoptera sinica Lyu et al. 2017
†Baissoptera wangi Lu et al. 2020
Invalid names: Arariperaphidia Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 [synonym], Rudiraphidia Ren 1997 [synonym]
G. †Cretoraphidia Ponomarenko 1993
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†Cretoraphidia certa Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia macrocella Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia magna Ponomarenko 1993
†Cretoraphidia reticulata Ponomarenko 1993
G. †Cretoraphidiopsis Engel 2002
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†Cretoraphidiopsis bontsaganensis Ponomarenko 1988
Invalid names: Cretoraphidia Willmann 1994 [replaced]
G. †Electrobaissoptera Lu et al. 2020
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†Electrobaissoptera burmanica Lu et al. 2020
†Electrobaissoptera liui Jouault et al. 2021
G. †Microbaissoptera Lyu et al. 2017
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†Microbaissoptera minima Ponomarenko 1993
†Microbaissoptera monosticha Lyu et al. 2017
Invalid names: Arariperaphidia rochai Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1990 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Raphidiformia Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
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Unr. Euraphidioptera Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
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Fm. †Metaraphidiidae Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
Infraor. Neoraphidioptera Engel 2007
Fm. †Mesoraphidiidae Martynov 1925
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Subfm. †Alloraphidiinae Carpenter 1967
Subfm. †Mesoraphidiinae Martynov 1925
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Invalid names: Ororaphidiinae Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011 [synonym]
Tr. †Nanoraphidiini Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
Invalid names: Huaxiaraphidiidae Hong 1992 [synonym], Jilinoraphidiidae Hong and Chang 1989 [synonym], Sinoraphidiidae Hong 1982 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Asselian to the top of the Holocene or 298.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 295.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 295.5 Ma
Collections (562 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Asselian | Germany (Thüringer Wald) | Permorhipida furcativenosa (128485) | |
Artinskian | France (Languedoc) | Lodevosisyra reducta (105044) | |
Artinskian | USA (Kansas) | Elmothone martynovae (111217) | |
Kungurian | Russian Federation (Suksun) | Kunguromaritus lacer (124241) Sylvamarita minor, Okolpania observabilis, Tshekardithonopsis pictus, Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi, Kunguromaritus lacer, Kunguromaritus guttatus, Sylvasenex lacrimabunda, Uralisyra angusta, Jurla bisubcostata (108206) | |
Kungurian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Permipsythone panfilovi (116121) | |
Kungurian | Russian Federation | Okolpania captiosa, Tshekardithonopsis oblivius, Uralisyra prolubnikovi, Uralisyra angusta, Parasialis rozhkovi (114207) Okolpania eugeniae (115214) Okolpania favorabilis (107787) | |
Kungurian | France | Lodevothone pectinata (117604) | |
Roadian | Russian Federation (Kazan) | Permegalomus regularis (116803) | |
Roadian | Russian Federation | Palaemerobius proavitus, Eopsychopsis permiana (116456) Permithonopsis obscura, Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis triramosa, Parasialis dissedens (96860) | |
Roadian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Palaemerobius latibasis (122568) Permithonopsis kaltanensis (122569) Permithonopsis sharovi, Permithonopsis kaltanensis, Permithonopsis perantiqua (104704) | |
Roadian | Russian Federation (Arkangelsk) | Parasialis latipennis, Parasialidae indet. (104992) Permithonopsis cellulosa, Permithonopsis longifurcata, Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Palaemerobius avus, Bianchia spectabilis, Parasialis dissedens, Sojanasialis longipennis (104716) Permithonopsis enormis, Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Palaemerobius proavitus, Permosisyra latipennis, Permithonopsis paurovenosa, Sialidopsis sojanensis (116933) Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis grandis (116934) Permithonopsis proxima, Permegalomus maculipennis, Permosisyra latipennis (104993) Permithonopsis sp., Permithonopsis ivensis, Eopsychops sojanensis, Permosisyra punctata (111187) | |
Wordian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Neuroptera indet., Hemerobioidea indet. (122566) | |
Capitanian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Parasisyra kargalica (153668) Sialidopsis kargalensis (152757) Sialidopsis similis (116610) | |
Wuchiapingian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Nanosialis bashkuevi, Nanosialis ponomarenkoi, Lydasialis micheneri, Hymega rasnitsyni, Raphisialis martynovi (104754) | |
Wuchiapingian | Mongolia | Parasialis ovata (97602) | |
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | Russian Federation | Eopsychops angaridensis (124608) Tychtobius brevicostatus (122565) | |
Changhsingian | South Africa (Natal) | Sismerobius pusillus, Archeosmylidae indet. (124428) | |
Changhsingian | Kazakhstan (Zaisan) | Permithonopsis dubia, Permorapisma fragmentata, Permithone kazakhstanensis, Permithone tillyardi, Permopsychops karaungirensis, Permopsychops saurensis (105062) Permorapisma fragmentata (107957) | |
Changhsingian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Archeosmylus sp. (14361) Permopsychops sp., Permithone sp. (14356) | |
Changhsingian | Russian Federation | Permorapisma gori (117259) |