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Morganucodonta
Taxonomy
Morganucodonta was named by Kermack et al. (1973). It was considered monophyletic by Gambaryan and Averianov (2001).
It was reranked as the suborder Morganucodonta by McKenna (1975) and Gambaryan and Averianov (2001).
It was assigned to Triconodonta by McKenna (1975); to Mammaliaformes by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004); to Archaeotriconodonta by Averianov and Lopatin (2011); and to Mammalia by Sigogneau-Russell (1983), Gambaryan and Averianov (2001) and Butler and Sigogneau-Russel (2016).
It was reranked as the suborder Morganucodonta by McKenna (1975) and Gambaryan and Averianov (2001).
It was assigned to Triconodonta by McKenna (1975); to Mammaliaformes by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004); to Archaeotriconodonta by Averianov and Lopatin (2011); and to Mammalia by Sigogneau-Russell (1983), Gambaryan and Averianov (2001) and Butler and Sigogneau-Russel (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1973 | Morganucodonta Kermack and et al. |
| 1975 | Morganucodonta McKenna p. 40 |
| 1983 | Morganucodonta Sigogneau-Russell p. 238 |
| 2001 | Morganucodonta Gambaryan and Averianov |
| 2004 | Morganucodonta Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 165, 168-174 |
| 2011 | Morganucodonta Averianov and Lopatin p. 34 |
| 2016 | Morganucodonta Butler and Sigogneau-Russel p. 37 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Morganucodonta Kermack 1973
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G. †Cherwellia Butler and Sigogneau-Russel 2016
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†Cherwellia leei Butler and Sigogneau-Russel 2016
Fm. †Megazostrodontidae Gow 1986
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Fm. †Morganucodontidae Kuehne 1958
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G. †Brachyzostrodon Sigogneau-Russell 1983
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†Brachyzostrodon coupatezi Sigogneau-Russell 1983
†Brachyzostrodon maior Hahn et al. 1991
G. †Eozostrodon Parrington 1941
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†Eozostrodon parvus Parrington 1941
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Invalid names: Eozostrodon problematicus Parrington 1941 [synonym]
G. †Indotherium Yadagiri 1984
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†Indotherium pranhitai Yadagiri 1984
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Invalid names: Indozostrodon simpsoni Datta and Das 2001 [synonym]
Invalid names: Indozostrodon Datta and Das 2001 [synonym]
G. †Morganucodon Kuehne 1949
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†Morganucodon heikuopengensis Young 1978
†Morganucodon oehleri Rigney 1963
†Morganucodon peyeri Clemens 1980
†Morganucodon tardus Butler and Sigogneau-Russel 2016
†Morganucodon watsoni Kuehne 1949
G. †Stylidens Butler and Sigogneau-Russel 2016
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†Stylidens hookeri Butler and Sigogneau-Russel 2016
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| P. M. Butler and D. Sigogneau-Russel 2016 | The morganucodontan molar structure remains the basic triconodont one, though cusp b may not be sep- arated from the cingulum on the lower molars. It has been most studied in Morganucodon, of which there is plentiful material from the Rhaetic and Early Jurassic of Britain and China (e.g., Mills 1971; Parrington 1971, 1978; Kermack et al. 1973; Crompton 1974; Crompton and Luo 1993). Associated teeth and jaws are known for three other Early Jurassic genera: Erythrotherium Crompton, 1964, Megazostrodon Crompton, 1974, and Dinnetherium Jenkins et al., 1983 (see also Crompton and Luo 1993). The last two genera were placed by Gow (1986) in a separate family Megazostrodontidae on the basis of mandibular characters, despite their different modes of occlusion, as noted above. The order Morganucodonta as compiled by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004) includes, besides the above-mentioned genera, Wareolestes Freeman, 1979, Helvetiodon Clemens, 1980, Brachyzostrodon Sigogneau-Russell, 1983, Indotherium Yadagiri, 1984, Gondwanadon Datta et Das, 1996 (in fact possibly a sinoconodontid), and Indozostrodon Datta et Das, 2001. Of these, Wareolestes, Brachyzostrodon, and Indozostrodon were placed in the family Megazostrodontidae by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), the oth- ers remaining in the Morganucodontidae. It is well worth keeping in mind that the familial position of several of these taxa, independent (as noted above) of the type of occlusion, remains highly speculative. This remark applies to the placing of taxa known only by isolated teeth and, in particular, to four of the five types of morga- nucodontan described in this paper, which are all classified as Morganucodonta incertae sedis.
Morganucodontans (with the exception of Dinnetherium) also differ from eutriconodontans in the mode of interlocking of adjacent teeth: d makes contact between b and e, instead of e and f (Sigogneau-Russell 2003a). Owing to a lingual ridge connecting it to e, b has an anterior face, more or less transverse to the longitudinal axis of the crown. On upper molars, B is similarly linked to the labial cusp E. In “amphilestids”, b and B are more distally placed, on the longitudinal main crest of the tooth, and the interlocking groove is between E (e) and F (f). B is also transversely developed on upper molars of gobiconodontids, but this is due to a curvature of the crown. It should be noted that the articulation of the d cusp in the e–f embrasure of “amphilestid” lower molars is shared not only “with obtuse-angled symmetrodonts” (Kielan-Jaworowska et al. 2004, p. 237), but also with triconodontids (Cifelli et al. 1998) and gobiconodontids (Kielan-Jaworowska and Dashzeveg 1998, p. 422; e–f groove of Sigogneau-Russell 2003a, p. 47, fig. 12). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Luo et al. 2003 | |||||
Age range: base of the Carnian to the top of the Middle Berriasian or 237.00000 to 140.20000 Ma
Collections (31 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carnian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Gondwanadon tapani (68170) | |
| Alaunian | Luxembourg (Diekirch) | Morganucodontidae indet. (56047) | |
| Rhaetian | Greenland | Brachyzostrodon sp. (27007) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Eozostrodon parvus, Eozostrodon problematicus (120898) | |
| Rhaetian | Switzerland (Schaffhausen) | Triconodonta indet., Triconodonta indet., Triconodonta indet., Triconodonta indet. (51235) | |
| Rhaetian | Luxembourg | Morganucodontidae indet. (67895) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Lorraine) | Brachyzostrodon sp. 1, Brachyzostrodon sp. 2, Brachyzostrodon coupatezi, Brachyzostrodon maior (36106) Morganucodontidae indet., Morganucodon sp. (92109) | |
| Hettangian | China (Yunnan) | Morganucodon oehleri (11805) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Morganucodon sp. (46140) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Morganucodon sp. (46118 46150) Morganucodon watsoni (45919) M. Group 1, M. Group 2, Morganucodon watsoni, Bridetherium dorisae, Paceyodon davidi (46137) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Quthing) | Megazostrodon rudnerae (105601) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Megazostrodon sp. (14228) | |
| Sinemurian | China (Yunnan) | Eozostrodon heikuopengensis (78993) Morganucodon oehleri (137007) | |
| Sinemurian - Pliensbachian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Indozostrodon simpsoni (131074) | |
| Sinemurian - Pliensbachian | USA (Arizona) | Morganucodon sp., Dinnetherium nezorum (27716) | |
| Toarcian - Aalenian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Indotherium pranhitai, Kotatherium yadagirii (39673) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Wareolestes sp., Wareolestes rex, Cherwellia leei (52507) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Wareolestes rex (139746) | |
| Late/Upper Bathonian | Russian Federation (Moskva) | Triconodonta indet. (52961) | |
| Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Morganucodon tardus, Stylidens hookeri (57124) Morganucodontidae indet. (39075) Morganucodontidae indet., Wareolestes sp. (57139) | |
| Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Storchodon cingulatus (24127) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Morganucodonta indet., Cifellilestes ciscoensis (191718) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Purbeckodon batei (28401 28995) |