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Dissorophoidea
Taxonomy
Dissorophoidea was named by Bolt (1969). It is not extant. Its type is Dissorophus. It was considered monophyletic by Yates and Warren (2000) and Schoch (2013).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Dissorophoidea by Damiani and Rubidge (2003), Schoch and Rubidge (2005), Martens et al. (2005), Reisz et al. (2009), Schoch (2013), Schoch and Sues (2013) and Schoch and Milner (2014).
It was assigned to Rhachitomi by Bolt (1969); to Temnospondylia by Haubold (1974); to Temnospondyli by Daly (1973) and Sumida et al. (1998); to Temnospondyli by Shishkin et al. (2000); to Euskelia by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch and Rubidge (2005) and Fröbisch and Reisz (2008); to Temnospondyli by Damiani and Rubidge (2003), Martens et al. (2005), Reisz et al. (2009) and Schoch and Sues (2013); and to Rhachitomi by Schoch (2013) and Schoch and Milner (2014).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Dissorophoidea by Damiani and Rubidge (2003), Schoch and Rubidge (2005), Martens et al. (2005), Reisz et al. (2009), Schoch (2013), Schoch and Sues (2013) and Schoch and Milner (2014).
It was assigned to Rhachitomi by Bolt (1969); to Temnospondylia by Haubold (1974); to Temnospondyli by Daly (1973) and Sumida et al. (1998); to Temnospondyli by Shishkin et al. (2000); to Euskelia by Yates and Warren (2000), Schoch and Rubidge (2005) and Fröbisch and Reisz (2008); to Temnospondyli by Damiani and Rubidge (2003), Martens et al. (2005), Reisz et al. (2009) and Schoch and Sues (2013); and to Rhachitomi by Schoch (2013) and Schoch and Milner (2014).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1969 | Dissorophoidea Bolt p. 888 |
| 1973 | Dissorophoidea Daly p. 568 |
| 1974 | Dissorophoidea Haubold p. 26 |
| 1998 | Dissorophoidea Sumida et al. p. 610 |
| 2000 | Dissorophoidea Shishkin et al. |
| 2000 | Dissorophoidea Yates and Warren pp. 84, 86 fig. 1 |
| 2003 | Dissorophoidea Damiani and Rubidge p. 23 |
| 2005 | Dissorophoidea Martens et al. |
| 2005 | Dissorophoidea Schoch and Rubidge p. 503 |
| 2008 | Dissorophoidea Fröbisch and Reisz p. 1016 |
| 2009 | Dissorophoidea Reisz et al. p. 790 |
| 2013 | Dissorophoidea Schoch |
| 2013 | Dissorophoidea Schoch and Sues p. 438 |
| 2014 | Dissorophoidea Schoch and Milner p. 52 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Dissorophoidea Bolt 1969
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Fm. †Micromelerpetidae Boy 1972
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G. †Branchierpeton Boy 1972
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†Branchierpeton amblystomum Credner 1881
†Branchierpeton reinholdi Werneburg 1988
†Branchierpeton saalense Werneburg 1990
†Branchierpeton saberi Werneburg et al. 2019
G. †Limnerpeton Fritsch 1881
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†Limnerpeton modestum Fritsch 1883
†Limnerpeton obtusatum Fritsch 1883
G. †Limnogyrinus Milner 1986
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†Limnogyrinus edani Werneburg 1989
†Limnogyrinus elegans Fritsch 1881
G. †Micromelerpeton Bulman and Whittard 1926
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†Micromelerpeton boyi Heyler 1994
†Micromelerpeton credneri Bulman and Whittard 1926
†Micromelerpeton ulmetense Boy 2002
G. †Nyranerpeton Werneburg 2012
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†Nyranerpeton amilneri Werneburg 2012
†Nyranerpeton montceauense Werneburg 2019
Unr. †Xerodromes Schoch and Milner 2014
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Unr. †Amphibamiformes Schoch 2019
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Fm. †Amphibamidae Moodie 1912
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G. †Amphibamus Cope 1865
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†Amphibamus grandiceps Cope 1865
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Invalid names: Mazonerpeton longicaudatum Moodie 1912 [synonym], Micrerpeton caudatum Moodie 1909 [synonym]
G. †Platyrhinops Steen 1931
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†Platyrhinops fritschi Werneburg 2012
†Platyrhinops lyelli Wyman 1858
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Invalid names: Ichthycanthus platypus Cope 1877 [synonym], Tuditanus mordax Cope 1874 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ichthycanthus Cope 1877 [synonym]
Invalid names: Doleserpetontidae Bolt 1969 [synonym]
G. †Anthracobamus Werneburg 2019
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†Anthracobamus fayoli Werneburg 2019
†Anthracobamus fritschi Werneburg 2019
Fm. †Branchiosauridae Fritsch 1883
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G. †Apateon von Meyer 1844
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†Apateon caducus Ammon 1889
†Apateon dracyi Boy 1972
†Apateon flagrifer Whittard 1930
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Invalid names: Branchiosaurus brachyrhynchus Watson 1963 [synonym]
†Apateon gracilis Credner 1881
†Apateon intermedius Werneburg 1996
†Apateon kontheri Werneburg 1988
†Apateon umbrosus Fritsch 1879
Invalid names: Protriton Gaudry 1876 [synonym], Salamandrella Gaudry 1875 [synonym]
G. †Branchiosaurus Fritsch 1876
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†Branchiosaurus commentryensis Werneburg 2019
†Branchiosaurus darrahi Romer 1939
†Branchiosaurus salamandroides Fritsch 1875
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Invalid names: Protriton fayoli Thevenin 1906 [synonym]
G. †Leptorophus Bulman and Whittard 1926
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†Leptorophus raischi Schoch 2014
†Leptorophus tener Schönfeld 1911
G. †Melanerpeton Fritsch 1878
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†Melanerpeton arnhardti Werneburg 1988
†Melanerpeton eisfeldi Werneburg 1988
†Melanerpeton humbergense Boy 1978
†Melanerpeton latirostre Credner 1881
†Melanerpeton moravicum Fritsch 1883
†Melanerpeton pusillum Fritsch 1878
†Melanerpeton sembachense Werneburg 1989
Invalid names: Melanerpetum Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tungussogyrininae Kuhn 1962 [empty]
Fm. †Micropholidae Watson 1919
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G. †Tersomius Case 1910
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†Tersomius dolesensis Anderson and Bolt 2013
†Tersomius mosesi Olson 1970
†Tersomius texensis Case 1910
Unr. †Olsoniformes Anderson et al. 2008
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Fm. †Dissorophidae Boulenger 1902
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Subfm. †Aspidosaurinae Case 1910
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G. †Attenosaurus Aldrich and Jones 1930
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†Attenosaurus jonesii Aldrich and Jones 1930
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Invalid names: Hydromeda fimbriata Aldrich and Jones 1930 [synonym]
†Attenosaurus subulensis Aldrich 1930
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Invalid names: Attenosaurus indistinctus Aldrich and Jones 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hydromeda Aldrich and Jones 1930 [synonym]
G. †Cincosaurus Aldrich and Jones 1930
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†Cincosaurus cobbi Aldrich and Jones 1930
†Cincosaurus fisheri Aldrich and Jones 1930
†Cincosaurus jaggerensis Aldrich and Jones 1930
Subfm. †Dissorophinae Boulenger 1902
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G. †Broiliellus Williston 1914
G. †Dissorophus Cope 1895
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Invalid names: Longiscitula DeMar 1966 [synonym], Otocoelus Cope 1896 [synonym]
Unr. †Eucacopinae Schoch and Sues 2013
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G. †Anakamacops Li and Cheng 1999
G. †Brevidorsum Carroll 1964
G. †Conjunctio Carroll 1964
G. †Kamacops Gubin 1980
G. †Parioxys Cope 1878
G. †Reiszerpeton Maddin et al. 2013
G. †Scapanops Schoch and Sues 2013
G. †Zygosaurus Eichwald 1848
G. †Notalacerta Butts 1891
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†Notalacerta magna Butts 1891
†Notalacerta missouriensis Butts 1891
†Notalacerta pentadactyla Gilmore 1927
Subfm. †Platyhistricinae Schoch and Milner 2014
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G. †Astreptorhachis Vaughn 1971
G. †Platyhystrix Williston 1911
G. †Stegops Moodie 1909
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†Stegops newberryi Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Ceraterpeton divaricatum Cope 1885 [synonym], Erpetosaurus tuberculatus Moodie 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aspidosaurus peltatus Williston 1911 [nomen dubium], Cacopinae Noble 1931 [empty], Otocoelidae Cope 1896 [synonym], Stegopidae Moodie 1909 [synonym]
Fm. †Trematopidae Williston 1910
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G. †Acheloma Cope 1882
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†Acheloma cumminsi Cope 1882
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Invalid names: Acheloma dunni Polley and Reisz 2011 [synonym], Trematops milleri Williston 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trematops Williston 1909 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Achelomidae Watson 1919 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Uhen 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian D to the top of the Permian or 309.80000 to 251.90200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.5 Ma
Collections (159 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carboniferous | USA (Ohio) | Palodromeus bairdi (231929) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Georgia) | Cincosaurus cobbi (150407) | |
| Westphalian | USA (Alabama) | Attenosaurus subulensis, Attenosaurus indistinctus, Cincosaurus cobbi, Cincosaurus jaggerensis, Cincosaurus jonesii, Cincosaurus fisheri, Hydromeda fimbriata (84135) Notalacerta missouriensis, Attenosaurus subulensis, Cincosaurus cobbi (81525) | |
| Moscovian | Czech Republic | Branchiosaurus salamandroides (125662) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Ohio) | Stegops newberryi, Palodromeus bairdi (176092) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Amphibamus grandiceps (122493) Micrerpeton caudatum, Amphibamus grandiceps, Eumicrerpeton parvum, Mazonerpeton longicaudatum (79598) | |
| Westphalian D | Czech Republic (Pilsen) | Branchiosaurus salamandroides, Limnerpeton elegans, Nyranerpeton amilneri, Platyrhinops fritschi, Mordex calliprepes, Limnerpeton modestum, Limnerpeton obtusatum (84835) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Ceraterpeton divaricatum, Stegops divaricata, Raniceps lyelli, Ichthycanthus platypus, Tuditanus mordex, Erpetosaurus tuberculatus (85292) | |
| Stephanian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Branchierpeton saalense (176536) | |
| Stephanian | Germany | Branchierpeton saalense (176538) | |
| Stephanian - Autunian | Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) | Branchierpeton saalense (176537) | |
| Late/Upper Pennsylvanian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Branchiosaurus darrahi (197955) | |
| Missourian | USA (Kansas) | Actiobates peabodyi (80784) | |
| Missourian - Gzhelian | USA (New Mexico) | Anconastes vesperus (12943) | |
| Stephanian A - Stephanian B | Morocco | Branchierpeton saberi (205838) | |
| Gzhelian | Germany (Thuringia) | Apateon intermedius (180675) Limnerpeton edani, Melanerpeton sembachense, Apateon dracyi (176543) | |
| Gzhelian | USA (Ohio) | Astreptorhachis ohioensis (176110) | |
| Gzhelian | USA (Nebraska) | Aspidosaurus sp. (180631) | |
| Gzhelian | Germany (Rhineland-Pfalz) | Micromelerpeton ulmetense (179644) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | Eoscopus lockardi (68427) Platyhystrix sp. (180633) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Oklahoma) | Aspidosaurus sp. (13947) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Fedexia striegeli (179596) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | Dissorophoidea indet., Aspidosaurus novomexicanus, Platyhystrix rugosus (34761) Milneria huberi (179964) | |
| Gzhelian - Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatine) | Apateon pedestris (180798) | |
| Gzhelian - Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | Platyhystrix rugosus (180989) | |
| Virgilian - Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Broiliellus novomexicanus, Conjunctio multidens (77412) | |
| Stephanian B - Stephanian C | France (Bourgogne) | Branchiosaurus sp., Nyranerpeton montceauense (176090) | |
| Stephanian C | France (Allier) | Protriton fayoli, Anthracobamus fayoli, Branchiosaurus commentryensis (180632) | |
| Stephanian C | Czech Republic (Bohemian Region) | Branchierpeton saalense (176539) | |
| Kuzel | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Apateon pedestris (180803) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Krkonose) | Apateon umbrosa, Branchiosaurus sp., Melanerpeton sp. (232614) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Thuringia) | Apateon dracyi (181127) Apateon flagrifer (181129 181130) Melanerpeton eisfeldi, Apateon kontheri, Branchiosaurus flagrifer (180765) Melanerpeton gracile, Apateon flagrifer (180778) Schoenfelderpeton prescheri, Branchierpeton reinholdi, Apateon dracyi (176531) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | Conjunctio sp., Scapanops neglecta (173721) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Liberec Region) | Melanerpeton sp. (179047) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Apateon pedestris, Apateon caducus (180796) Apateon pedestris, Melanerpeton humbergense, Apateon caducus (85451) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Pfalz) | Melanerpeton humbergense (180783) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatine) | Apateon pedestris (180802 180804 180805) | |
| Asselian | USA (Nebraska) | Amphibamidae sp., Plemmyradytes shintoni (179620) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Liberec) | Branchiosaurus sp., Melanerpeton sp. (232993) Melanerpeton sp. (232996 232997) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Brevidorsum profundum, Reiszerpeton renascentis (180393) Parioxys ferricolus (22667) Rubeostratilia texensis (113555) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | Conjunctio multidens (173814) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Ohio) | Broiliellus hektotopos (80720) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatine) | Apateon pedestris (180800 180806) Apateon pedestris, Branchiosaurus caducus (180797) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Utah) | Platyhystrix rugosus (13257) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | France | Apateon gracilis (34797) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Broiliellus reiszi (179932) Ctenosaurus rugosus (180944) Ecolsonia cutlerensis (171346 180107) Ecolsonia cutlerensis, Platyhystrix rugosus (180106) Platyhystrix rugosus (80833 180383 180384 180940 181077) Platyhystrix sp. (180974 181078) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Colorado) | Conjunctio multidens (85475) Platyhystrix rugosus (85479) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Texas) | Acheloma cumminsi, Tersomius texensis, Pasawioops mayi, Broiliellus brevis, Acheloma pricei, Nanobamus macrorhinus, Parioxys bolli (79162) Broiliellus olsoni (13048) | |
| Autunian | France (Saone et Loire) | Apateon pedestris (176500) | |
| Autunian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatine) | Apateon pedestris, Branchiosaurus humbergensis, Apateon caducus (178736) | |
| Autunian | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Branchiosaurus credneri (179127) Leptorophus raischi (180284) | |
| Autunian | Germany (Mittelsachsen) | Melanerpeton tener, Schoenfelderpeton prescheri, Branchierpeton reinholdi, Apateon dracyi (176535) | |
| Autunian | France (Saone et Laoire) | Branchiosaurus dracyi (180674) | |
| Autunian | France (Burgundy) | Apateon pedestris (180801) Micromelerpeton boyi (176771) | |
| Autunian | Germany (Thuringia) | Apateon flagrifer (181128) Limnogyrinus edani (197721) | |
| Cisuralian | USA (Texas) | Dissorophus multicinctus (180945) | |
| Cisuralian | Czech Republic | Apateon sp. (180794) | |
| Cisuralian | Czech Republic (South Moravia) | Melanerpeton moravicum (197951) | |
| Autunian - Permian | Italy (Sardinia) | Branchiosaurus petrolei (28463 28464 28465) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | Acheloma sp. (221391 221392) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Rhineland-Pfalz) | Tersomius graumanni (180563) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Saxony) | Branchierpeton amblystomum, Branchiosaurus gracilis (52522) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Thüringer Wald) | Melanerpeton arnhardti (160735) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Rhineland-Pflaz) | Pelosaurus gumbeli (180573) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Thüringia) | Apateon flagrifer (180795) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Thuringia) | Apateon flagrifer (180764) | |
| Sakmarian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Parioxys ferricolus (11152) | |
| Artinskian | Germany (Thuringia) | Dissorophidae new sp. , Georgenthalia clavinasica, Tambachia trogallas, D. new sp., Trematopidae new sp. (80112) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Aspidosaurus glascocki (28143) Aspidosaurus sp. (13080) Aspidosaurus sp., Platyhystrix sp., Parioxys ferricolus (28238) Parioxys ferricolus (28142) Parioxys sp. (22669) Platyhystrix sp. (84716) Tersomius texensis, Acheloma whitei (28145) Trematops sp. (22668) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dissorophidae indet., Aspidosaurus sp., Cacops sp., Tersomius sp., Trematopsidae indet., Acheloma cumminsi, Dissorophinae indet., Doleserpeton annectens, Pasawioops mayi, Acheloma dunni, Dissorophus multicinctus, Tersomius dolesensis, Cacops woehri, Cacops aspidephorus (67862) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Aspidosaurus binasser (85300) Broiliellus sp. (28250) Broiliellus texensis (28242) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Texas) | Cacops aspidophorus (79601) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Oklahoma) | Amphibia sp. (80691) | |
| Rotliegendes | Czech Republic (Boheme) | Melanerpeton pusillum, Branchiosaurus umbrosus (58139) | |
| Ufimian - Late/Upper Kazanian | Russian Federation (Kirov) | Zygosaurus sp. (80022) | |
| Ufimian - Late/Upper Kazanian | Russian Federation (Komi Republic) | Alegeinosaurus sp. (180620) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Acheloma sp., Dissorophus multicinctus, Aspidosaurus chiton, Alegeinosaurus aphthitos (28256) Broiliellus arroyoensis (13046) Cacops aspidephorus (28264) Dissorophidae indet., Trematops milleri, Aspidosaurus peltatus, Broiliellus peltatus (28267) Dissorophus multicinctus (22671 28270) Dissorophus sp., Otocoelus testudineus (28266) Gerobatrachus hottoni (91038) Otocoelus testudineus (22670) Trematopsis seltini (36571 67735) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Tersomius mosesi (79531) Tersomius texensis (67945) | |
| Roadian | China (Gansu) | Anakamacops petrolicus (85431) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | USA (Oklahoma) | Fayella chickashaensis (27475) Nooxobeia gracilis (217886) | |
| Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Perm Krai) | Kamacops acervalis (187372) | |
| Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Perm) | Kamacops acervalis (87102) | |
| Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | Iratusaurus vorax (27341) Zygosaurus lucius (187931) | |
| Wordian | Turkey | Branchiosauridae indet. (218172) | |
| Lopingian - Early/Lower Triassic | Russian Federation (Evenk Autonomous District) | Tungussogyrinus bergi (28624 28630 28631) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Free State) | Micropholis stowi (105608 144323 144325 144327 144328) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Micropholis stowi (144320 144321 144322) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Antarctica | Micropholis stowi (220333) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Micropholis stowi, Petrophryne granulata (13043) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Free State) | Micropholis stowi (98602 144326) |