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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Gemma was named by Deshayes (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Veneridae by Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Gemminae by Gardner (1943) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Veneridae by Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Gemminae by Gardner (1943) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1853 | Gemma Deshayes p. 112 |
| 1943 | Gemma Gardner p. 135 |
| 1987 | Gemma Ward and Blackwelder p. 130 |
| 2002 | Gemma Sepkoski |
| 2010 | Gemma Bouchet et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Gemma Deshayes 1853
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†Gemma cravenensis Gardner 1943
Gemma gemma Totten 1834
†Gemma magna Dall 1903
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†Gemma magna insulcata Gardner 1943
†Gemma magna majorina Gardner 1943
†Gemma magna virginiana Dall 1903
†Gemma magna striata Richards 1943
†Gemma sanctimauricensis Harris 1919
†Gemma verdevilla Gardner 1943
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Holocene or 47.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Collections (65 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | G. sanctimauricensis (81224) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (71652) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (59328 59329) G. magna, G. cravenensis (59330) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Georgia) | G. purpurea (164698) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Florida) | G. magna (75016) | |
| Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (79249) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Virginia) | G. magna (78262 78266 78267 78269 78271) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (59307 59309 59310 68979 79343) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | G. magna (59487) | |
| Gelasian | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (71138) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (58897 59312 59314 59315 59316 59317 59318 79340) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | G. magna (60944 92408 92409) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | G. gemma (69029) G. magna (74999 79331 79338 79786) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (New Jersey) | G. gemma (66611 66612 66614 66621 66622 66624) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Delaware) | G. gemma (66703) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | G. magna (80053 80083) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. magna (59313) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (New York) | G. gemma (66377 66381) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | G. gemma (69034 69040 69084) G. triquetra (80001) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | G. gemma (66721) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Massachusetts) | G. gemma (61268) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | G. gemma (66742 66749 66750) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Venezuela | G. gemma (66753) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | G. magna (60923 60928 60929 60930) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | G. purpurea (57705) | |
| Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | G. gemma (41935 92776) |