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Mactra

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Mactridae

Taxonomy
Mactra was named by Linnaeus (1767) [Sepkoski's age data: K Turo-u R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Mactridae by Deshayes (1857), Olsson (1931), Oostingh (1935), Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska (1984), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992) and Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Mactrinae by Glenn (1904), Packard (1916), da Silva Forti (1969), Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Matsubara (2002), Moore (2003), Beu (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Signorelli and Carter (2016).

Species
M. (Barymactra), M. (Cyclomactra), M. (Electomactra), M. (Electromactra), M. (Heteromactra), M. (Mactra), M. (Mactrella), M. (Mactrona), M. (Maorimactra), M. (Nannomactra), M. (Sarmatimactra), M. (Stiphromactra), M. (Trigonella) arenaria, M. achatina, M. artopta, M. auca, M. austeniana, M. australis, M. axiniformis, M. clathrodon, M. cleryana, M. constricta, M. darwinii, M. diegoana, M. dissimilis, M. emmonsi, M. funerata, M. gibbsana, M. hamiltonensis, M. incomatensis, M. irizari, M. isabelleana, M. lilacea, M. maculata, M. marplatensis, M. mekranensis, M. mera, M. mississippiensis, M. oblonga, M. ovalis, M. patagonica, M. pellucida, M. procrassa, M. pusilla, M. queenslandica, M. sericea, M. solida, M. stultorum, M. tripartita, M. truncata, M. tumbezia, M. tumida, M. turgida, M. utahensis, Trigonella plana
Species lacking formal opinion data
M. asperaeformis, M. defossa, M. denburgi, M. dernbergi, M. luscata, M. macescens, M. maracaibensis, M. naviculata, M. pura, M. steinmanni

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1767Mactra Linnaeus p. 1125
1778Trigonella da Costa
1837Cytherea (Trigonella) Conrad p. 253
1850Trigonella Wood p. 235
1855Mactra diegoana Conrad p. 14 figs. pi. iv, fig. 35
1857Mactra Deshayes
1877Mactra (Trigonella) Meek p. 154
1904Mactra Glenn p. 285
1916Mactra Packard p. 278
1931Mactra Olsson p. 66
1935Mactra Oostingh p. 195
1939Mactra Mukerjee p. 14
1944Mactra Durham p. 151
1969Mactra da Silva Forti p. 90
1980Mactra Vokes p. 135
1983Mactra Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 98
1984Mactra Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 102
1992Mactra Lamprell and Whitehead p. 76
1995Mactra Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 54
2002Mactra Matsubara p. 141
2002Mactra Sepkoski
2003Mactra Moore
2006Mactra Beu p. 225
2010Mactra Bouchet et al.
2016Mactra Signorelli and Carter p. 209 figs. Table 1

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyMactroidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyMactridaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyMactrinaeLamarck 1809
genusMactraLinnaeus 1767

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Mactra Linnaeus 1767
show all | hide all
Subg. †Mactra (Barymactra) Cossmann 1909
Subg. †Mactra (Electomactra) Iredale 1930
Subg. †Mactra (Electromactra) Ludbrook 1955
+
Subg. Mactra (Heteromactra) Lamy 1906
+
†Mactra (Heteromactra) grateloupi Cossmann and Peyrot 1909
Subg. Mactra (Mactra) Linnaeus 1767
+
Subg. Mactra (Maorimactra) Finlay 1928
+
†Mactra (Maorimactra) bodmani Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
†Maorimactra acuminella Finlay 1930
Subg. †Mactra (Nannomactra) Iredale 1930
†Mactra achatina Holten 1802
†Mactra artopta Wood 1850
†Mactra auca d'Orbigny 1842
†Mactra austeniana Maury 1912
†Mactra axiniformis Tate 1887
†Mactra clathrodon Lea 1833
Mactra cleryana d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra constricta Wood 1850
†Mactra darwinii Sowerby 1846
†Mactra dissimilis Reeve 1845
†Mactra emmonsi Meek 1877
†Mactra funerata Conrad 1848
†Mactra gibbsana Meek 1861
†Mactra hamiltonensis Tate 1887
†Mactra incomatensis Rennie 1936
†Mactra irizari Wilckens 1912
Mactra isabelleana dOrbigny 1846
†Mactra lilacea Lamarck 1818
Mactra marplatensis Doello-Jurado 1918
†Mactra mekranensis Newton 1905
Mactra mera Reeve 1854
†Mactra mississippiensis Conrad 1848
†Mactra oblonga Philippi 1887
Mactra ovalis Sowerby 1817
Mactra patagonica d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra pellucida Gmelin 1791
†Mactra procrassa Wood 1850
†Mactra pusilla Philippi 1887
†Mactra queenslandica Smith 1914
Mactra solida Linnaeus 1758
Mactra stultorum Linnaeus 1758
†Mactra tripartita Forbes 1846
Mactra truncata Montague 1808
†Mactra tumbezia Olsson 1931
†Mactra tumida Bohm 1926
†Mactra turgida Gmelin 1791
Mactra utahensis Meek 1877
Invalid names: Mactra diegoana Conrad 1855 [nomen dubium], Trigonella da Costa 1778 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. L. Packard 1916Shell ovate-trigonal, subequilateral; chondophore roofed at the apex; spur distinct; ligament separated from the resilium by a shelly ridge.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Life habit: infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-09 14:11:34
Modified: 2009-09-09 16:11:34
Source: g = genus, c = class
References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Sinemurian to the top of the Holocene or 199.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 190.8 Ma

Collections (240 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Canada (Northwest Territories) M. sp. (34228)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Switzerland M. valangiensis (2225)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45France (Drôme) M. sp. (75576)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Switzerland M. gaultina (2167 2170)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (England) M. angulata, M. sp. (6280)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Alberta) M. sp. (87568)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Wyoming) M. sp. (87754)
Turonian - Coniacian93.9 - 86.3USA (Wyoming) M. emmonsi (87757)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (California) M. sp. (158389)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) M. nitidula (82676)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) M. alta (82687)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) M. alta (87453) M. sp. (82680 82681 82686)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Chile (Concepcíon) M. sp. (13309)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Chile M. araucana (157301)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) M. sp. (82643)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.7 - 55.8USA (Texas) M. sp. (84649)
Selandian - Thanetian61.6 - 56.0New Zealand Maorimactra sp. (64699 64701)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica (Seymour Island) M. irizari (63548 63549 63550)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Antarctica (Seymour Island) M. bodmani, M. irizari (63551)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Antarctica M. bodmani (72400) M. irizari (72399 72401 72405)