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Taxonomy
Lucina (Miltha) was named by Adams and Adams (1857). It is extant. Its type is Lucina childreni.
It was Phacoides (Miltha) by Dall (1903); it was reranked as Miltha by Woodring (1925), Vokes (1969), Adegoke (1977), Malumian et al. (1978), Vokes (1980), Vokes (1983), Squires (1987), Moore (1988), Beu et al. (1990), Sepkoski (2002) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Phacoides by Dall (1903); to Lucina by Martin (1922); to Lucinidae by Woodring (1925), Vokes (1969), Malumian et al. (1978) and Beu et al. (1990); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Milthinae by Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Vokes (1983), Squires (1987), Moore (1988) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
It was Phacoides (Miltha) by Dall (1903); it was reranked as Miltha by Woodring (1925), Vokes (1969), Adegoke (1977), Malumian et al. (1978), Vokes (1980), Vokes (1983), Squires (1987), Moore (1988), Beu et al. (1990), Sepkoski (2002) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
It was assigned to Phacoides by Dall (1903); to Lucina by Martin (1922); to Lucinidae by Woodring (1925), Vokes (1969), Malumian et al. (1978) and Beu et al. (1990); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Milthinae by Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Vokes (1983), Squires (1987), Moore (1988) and Bouchet et al. (2010).
Subtaxa
Lucina (Miltha) contorta, M. (Matanziella), M. (Miltha), M. (Plastomiltha), M. (Recticardo), M. africana, M. childreni, M. chipolana (syn. Phacoides (Miltha) smithwoodwardi, Phacoides (Miltha) heracleus), M. claibornensis, M. hamptonensis, M. hillsboroensis, M. inflata, M. merangiana, M. pandata, M. xantusi, Phacoides (Miltha) hernandoensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1857 | Lucina (Miltha) Adams and Adams p. 468 |
| 1903 | Phacoides (Miltha) Dall |
| 1922 | Lucina (Miltha) Martin p. 489 |
| 1925 | Miltha Woodring p. 115 |
| 1969 | Miltha Vokes p. 95 |
| 1977 | Miltha Adegoke p. 253 |
| 1978 | Miltha Malumian et al. p. 276 |
| 1980 | Miltha Vokes p. 103 |
| 1983 | Miltha Vokes p. 135 |
| 1987 | Miltha Squires p. 59 |
| 1988 | Miltha Moore pp. D17 - D18 |
| 1990 | Miltha Beu et al. p. 396 |
| 2002 | Miltha Sepkoski |
| 2010 | Miltha Bouchet et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Miltha Adams and Adams 1857
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†Lucina (Miltha) contorta Cossmann 1887
Subg. Miltha (Miltha) Adams and Adams 1857
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†Miltha (Miltha) caloosaensis Dall 1898
†Miltha (Miltha) carmenae Vokes 1969
Miltha (Miltha) childrenae Gray 1824
†Miltha (Miltha) jacalitosana Arnold 1909
†Miltha (Miltha) meganosensis Clark and Woodford 1927
†Miltha (Miltha) parsoni Waring 1917
†Miltha (Miltha) sanctaecrucis Arnold 1909
Subg. †Miltha (Plastomiltha) Stewart 1930
Subg. †Miltha (Recticardo)
†Miltha africana Adegoke 1977
Miltha childreni Gray 1825
†Miltha chipolana Dall 1903
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Invalid names: Phacoides (Miltha) heracleus Dall 1903 [synonym], Phacoides (Miltha) smithwoodwardi Maury 1917 [synonym]
†Miltha hamptonensis Ludbrook 1969
†Miltha hillsboroensis Heilprin 1887
†Miltha inflata Abbass 1972
†Miltha merangiana Martin 1922
Miltha xantusi Dall 1903
†Phacoides (Miltha) hernandoensis Mansfield 1937
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 145.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 139.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 139.8 Ma
Collections (234 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berriasian | Japan | M. japonica (116558 116562) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Japan | M. amakusensis (82376) M. sp. (82353) | |
| Campanian | Japan | M. sp. (74501) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Japan | M. sp., M. amakusensis (82382) | |
| Danian | USA (California) | M. parsonsi (193035) | |
| Danian | Belgium | M. montensis (26890) M. montensis, M. solvayi (3118) M. montensis, Recticardo dolloi (26891) M. montensis, Recticardo dolloi, Recticardo hannonica, Recticardo rutoti, Recticardo solvayi (22931) Recticardo dolloi, Recticardo hannonica (26879) Recticardo hannonica (26880) | |
| Danian | New Zealand (Southland) | M. agilis (50212) | |
| Danian | Poland | M. proava, M. passelecqui, M. sp. (27625) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | Phacoides albaripus (92222 99004 99054) | |
| Danian | France | Recticardo hannonica (20816) | |
| Danian - Thanetian | Russian Federation | M. parsoni (49981) | |
| Paleocene | Germany | M. montensis, M. passelecqui, M. solvayi (3114) | |
| Paleocene | Poland | M. montensis, M. passelecqui (3112) | |
| Teurian | New Zealand (South Island) | M. agilis (127466) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | M. africana (7791) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | New Zealand | M. agilis (64700) M. sp. (64698 64701) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Virginia) | M. aquiana (91126) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Alabama) | M. greggi (90818) | |
| Thanetian | USA (California) | M. sp. (52596 185194) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Maryland) | M. aquiana (91709) | |
| Ypresian | USA (California) | Phacoides meganosensis (52421 52422 52426 52428 52429 52431) | |
| Ypresian | Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) | Lucina inflata, Lucina depressa (42459) | |
| Eocene | Russian Federation | M. meganosensis (50078) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | M. claibornensis (1443) M. claibornensis, M. pandata (1444) M. pandata (1435) | |
| Lutetian | Australia (Western Australia) | M. sp. (179828) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Russian Federation | M. snatolensis (50051) | |
| Middle Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | Haiti | Phacoides smithwoodwardi (173456) | |
| Bartonian | USA (North Carolina) | M. pandata (98974) Phacoides pandatus (5436) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | M. gaufia (91115) | |
| Bartonian | Romania | M. consobrina (101815 101960) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | M. claibornensis (90469 90603 98310 98355) M. gaufia (98386) M. pandata (90600) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Georgia) | M. claibornensis (90640) | |
| Bartonian | New Zealand | M. sp. (64741 64750) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | M. gaufia (91097) | |
| Priabonian | Bulgaria | M. mutabilis (104017) | |
| Priabonian | Bulgaria (Kurdzhali) | M. mutabilis (102294 102406) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Peru (Piura) | Phacoides patensis (52523) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Haiti | M. ocalana (60606) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Florida) | Phacoides chipolana (41197) Phacoides hernandoensis (80184) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Jamaica | M. sp. (111546) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Georgia) | Phacoides hillsboroensis (60824 60835 60837) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Florida) | Phacoides hernandoensis (60665 60960) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Alabama) | M. chipolana (205613) M. hillsboroensis (205616) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Mississippi) | M. hillsboroensis (205617) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Phacoides hillsboroensis (93368) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Panama | M. sp. (42557) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (California) | M. sanctaecrucis (72406 72407 219727 219730 219733 219736 219739 219755) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Alabama) | M. hillsboroensis (155954) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Phacoides sanctaecrucis (57789) | |
| Chattian | New Zealand (North Island) | M. neozelanica (204564 205949) | |
| Chattian | USA (Mississippi) | M. hillsboroensis, M. hernandoensis (205805) | |
| Chattian | Panama | M. sp. (42558) | |
| Chattian - Aquitanian | USA (Florida) | Phacoides hillsboroensis (60985 61051 61072 61102) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | M. vidali (78522) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | M. childreni (65162) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | Phacoides sanctaecrucis (71217 91374 203554) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India (Meghalaya) | M. sp. (46493) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Puerto Rico | M. hillsboroensis (80204) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | New Zealand (Dannevirke) | M. dosiniformis (35639) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Cuba | Phacoides hillsboroensis (75302 75310) | |
| Burdigalian | Peru | M. vidali (76635) | |
| Burdigalian | Chile | M. vidali (78521) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Florida) | M. chipolana (89575 89576 91536 92458 92459 92460 92461 92502 92503 92512 92513 92548 92550 92551 92552 92554 92556 92558 92568) Phacoides chipolanus (41760 42271 42366 42443 42482 42663 42677 42678) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Australia (Western Australia) | M. sp. (34466 34467) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | M. sanctaecrucis (206393) | |
| Middle Miocene | Puerto Rico | M. smithwoodwardi (80247) | |
| Middle Miocene | Peru | M. vidali (76597 76636) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (California) | M. sanctaecrucis (44937 44980 44982 44988) | |
| Middle Miocene | Indonesia | M. merangiana (63040) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | USA (California) | M. sp. (167649) | |
| Badenian | Moldova | M. incrassata (78646 78664) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Phacoides sanctaecrucis (52212) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | M. chipolana (93177) M. sp. (82121) | |
| Tortonian | Cyprus | M. sp. (34690) | |
| Tortonian | Dominican Republic | M. smithwoodwardi (58816) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colon) | M. chipolana (145254 145255) | |
| Tortonian | Madagascar | Lucina multilamellata (51586) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | USA (California) | M. xantusi (97234) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Australia (South Australia) | M. hora (63439 63441 63442 63443) | |
| Messinian | USA (California) | M. sp. (194796 195033) | |
| Messinian | Dominican Republic | M. sp. (75042) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | Lucina xantusi (96903 96905) M. xantusi (34852 96549 96550 96553 97210 97235 97236 97240 97241 97242 97404) Phacoides xantusi (96539 96542 96545) | |
| Zanclean | Panama (Bocas) | M. sp. (79994) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Lucina xantusi (96906 96908 96909) Paphia jacalitosensis (216868) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | M. caloosaensis (92344 92361 92362 92363 92442 92624 92658 92659 92660 92661 92662 92663 92664 92665 92666 92667 92668) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. caloosaensis (92364 92657) | |
| Gelasian | USA (California) | M. xantusi (214280) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | M. sp. (80035) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Australia (South Australia) | M. hamptonensis (63379) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. caloosaensis (41501 41539 41718 79331 79333 92336 92338 92340 92342 92343 92500 92656) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. caloosaensis (92331 92333 92498) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. carmenae (67069 79747) M. sp. (35031) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Lucina xantusi (222954) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. carmenae (92369 92621 92671 92672 92673 92674) |