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Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Anomodontia was named by Owen (1859).

It was reranked as the suborder Anomodontia by Zittel (1890), Gregory (1910), Nopcsa (1923), Huene (1954), Haughton and Brink (1954), Watson and Romer (1956), Olson (1962), Olson (1966), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was reranked as the superorder Anomodontia by Osborn (1904), Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); it was synonymized subjectively with Theromorpha by Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Anomodontia by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Rhamphosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890); to Reptilia by Owen (1861), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886) and Woodward (1898); to Synapsida by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Chainosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Therapsida by Broom (1913), Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Watson and Romer (1956); to Theriodonta by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Gregory (1910), Huene (1954), Olson (1962), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); to Dinomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2003) and Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Therapsida by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).

Subtaxa

Anomocephaloidea, Anomocephalus, Aulacocephalodon, Bainia, Biseridens, Biseridensidae, Chainosauria, Cryptocynodon, Cryptodontidae, Diaelurodon, Emydochampsa, Eurycarpus, Opisthoctenodon, Otsheriidae, Prodicynodon, Therosuchia, Trochanterium, Ulemicia, Venyukovioidea

Sister taxa

Therosuchia

View classification of included taxa

Synonyms

Biseridensidae was named by Li and Cheng (1997). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Anomodontia by Cisneros et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Titanosuchoidea by Ivakhnenko (2003); and to Eotitanosuchia by Li and Cheng (1997), Li (2001) and Li and Sun (2008).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1859	Anomodontia Owen
1861	Anomodontia Owen p. 255
1866	Anomodontia Haeckel p. CXXXVIII
1871	Anomodontia Cope p. 235
1875	Anomodontia Cope p. 15
1886	Anomodontia Günther p. 442
1890	Anomodontia Zittel p. 449
1898	Anomodontia Woodward p. 141
1903	Anomodontia Osborn p. 276
1904	Anomodontia Osborn p. 101
1910	Anomodontia Gregory p. 464
1913	Anomodontia Broom
1923	Anomodontia Nopcsa
1937	Anomodontia Roxo p. 43
1954	Anomodontia Haughton and Brink p. 5
1954	Anomodontia Huene p. 31
1956	Anomodontia Watson and Romer p. 76
1962	Anomodontia Olson pp. 48, 84, 89
1966	Anomodontia Olson p. 302
1974	Anomodontia Barry p. 121
1982	Anomodontia Kemp p. 348
1997	Biseridensidae Li and Cheng pp. 269, 277
1999	Anomodontia Hopson p. 1257
2000	Anomodontia Battail and Surkov
2000	Anomodontia Rybczynski p. 199
2001	Biseridensidae Li p. 47
2001	Anomodontia Rubidge and Sidor
2003	Anomodontia Ivakhnenko
2003	Biseridensidae Ivakhnenko
2008	Anomodontia Ivakhnenko
2008	Biseridensidae Li and Sun p. 380
2009	Anomodontia Kammerer and Angielczyk p. 1605
2010	Anomodontia Angielczyk and Rubidge
2011	Anomodontia Fröbisch and Reisz
2011	Anomodontia Kammerer et al.
2013	Anomodontia Kammerer et al. p. 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Triploblastica
—	Nephrozoa
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
—	Olfactores	Jefferies 1991
subphylum	Vertebrata
—	Gnathostomata	()
—	Osteichthyes	()
—	Sarcopterygii
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda	()
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
—	Batrachosauria	()
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Synapsida	()
—	Therapsida	()
—	Anomodontia	(Owen 1859)
—	Anomodontia	(Owen 1859)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. Owen 1861	Teeth wanting, or limited to a single maxillary pair, having the form or proportions of tusks: a "foramen parietale;" two external nostrils; tympanic pedicle fixed; vertebrae biconcave; trunk-ribs long and curved, the anterior ones with a bifurcate head; sacrum of more than two vertebrae. Limbs ambulatory.
N. N. Rybczynski 2000	Therapsids with preorbital lengths of 40% or less of total skull length; mandibular fenestra between dentary and angular; coronoid bone reduced or absent; zygomatic process rod-like and displaced dorsally; homodont dentition; teeth peg-like; dorsal part of quadratojugal expanded transversely; palatine extends further posteriorly than ectopterygoid; no pterygoid teeth.
C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009	Only three phylogenetic analyses (Modesto et al. 1999; Fröbisch 2007; Fröbisch & Reisz 2008) have included Anomocephalus africanus, the most basal anomodont recognized to date, and we use these papers as sources of autapomorphies for Anomodontia. The most consistently cited autapomorphies of Anomodontia are: (1) serrations absent on marginal teeth; (2) mandibular fenestra present; (3) zygomatic arch bowed dorsally.