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Anomodontia
Taxonomy
Anomodontia was named by Owen (1859).
It was reranked as the suborder Anomodontia by Zittel (1890), Gregory (1910), Nopcsa (1923), Huene (1954), Haughton and Brink (1954), Watson and Romer (1956), Olson (1962), Olson (1966), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was reranked as the superorder Anomodontia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); it was synonymized subjectively with Theromorpha by Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Anomodontia by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Rhamphosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898); to Reptilia by Owen (1861), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886), Woodward (1898) and Hay (1902); to Synapsida by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Chainosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Therapsida by Broom (1913), Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Watson and Romer (1956); to Theriodonta by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Gregory (1910), Huene (1954), Olson (1962), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); to Dinomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2003) and Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Therapsida by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).
It was reranked as the suborder Anomodontia by Zittel (1890), Gregory (1910), Nopcsa (1923), Huene (1954), Haughton and Brink (1954), Watson and Romer (1956), Olson (1962), Olson (1966), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was reranked as the superorder Anomodontia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); it was synonymized subjectively with Theromorpha by Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Anomodontia by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Rhamphosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898); to Reptilia by Owen (1861), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886), Woodward (1898) and Hay (1902); to Synapsida by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Chainosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Therapsida by Broom (1913), Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Watson and Romer (1956); to Theriodonta by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Gregory (1910), Huene (1954), Olson (1962), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); to Dinomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2003) and Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Therapsida by Rybczynski (2000), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011) and Kammerer et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1859 | Anomodontia Owen |
1861 | Anomodontia Owen p. 255 |
1866 | Anomodontia Haeckel p. CXXXVIII |
1871 | Anomodontia Cope p. 235 |
1875 | Anomodontia Cope p. 15 |
1886 | Anomodontia Günther p. 442 |
1890 | Anomodontia Zittel p. 449 |
1898 | Anomodontia Gadow p. 18 |
1898 | Anomodontia Woodward p. 141 |
1902 | Anomodontia Hay p. 430 |
1903 | Anomodontia Osborn p. 276 |
1904 | Anomodontia Osborn p. 101 |
1910 | Anomodontia Gregory p. 464 |
1913 | Anomodontia Broom |
1923 | Anomodontia Nopcsa |
1937 | Anomodontia Roxo p. 43 |
1954 | Anomodontia Haughton and Brink p. 5 |
1954 | Anomodontia Huene p. 31 |
1956 | Anomodontia Watson and Romer p. 76 |
1962 | Anomodontia Olson pp. 48, 84, 89 |
1966 | Anomodontia Olson p. 302 |
1974 | Anomodontia Barry p. 121 |
1982 | Anomodontia Kemp p. 348 |
1997 | Biseridensidae Li and Cheng pp. 269, 277 |
1999 | Anomodontia Hopson p. 1257 |
2000 | Anomodontia Battail and Surkov |
2000 | Anomodontia Rybczynski p. 199 |
2001 | Biseridensidae Li p. 47 |
2001 | Anomodontia Rubidge and Sidor |
2003 | Anomodontia Ivakhnenko |
2003 | Biseridensidae Ivakhnenko |
2008 | Anomodontia Ivakhnenko |
2008 | Biseridensidae Li and Sun p. 380 |
2009 | Anomodontia Kammerer and Angielczyk p. 1605 |
2010 | Anomodontia Angielczyk and Rubidge |
2011 | Anomodontia Fröbisch and Reisz |
2011 | Anomodontia Kammerer et al. |
2013 | Anomodontia Kammerer et al. p. 3 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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R. Owen 1861 | Teeth wanting, or limited to a single maxillary pair, having the form or proportions of tusks: a "foramen parietale;" two external nostrils; tympanic pedicle fixed; vertebrae biconcave; trunk-ribs long and curved, the anterior ones with a bifurcate head; sacrum of more than two vertebrae. Limbs ambulatory. | |
N. N. Rybczynski 2000 | Therapsids with preorbital lengths of 40% or less of total skull length; mandibular fenestra between dentary and angular; coronoid bone reduced or absent; zygomatic process rod-like and displaced dorsally; homodont dentition; teeth peg-like; dorsal part of quadratojugal expanded transversely; palatine extends further posteriorly than ectopterygoid; no pterygoid teeth. | |
C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | Only three phylogenetic analyses (Modesto et al. 1999; Fröbisch 2007; Fröbisch & Reisz 2008) have included Anomocephalus africanus, the most basal anomodont recognized to date, and we use these papers as sources of autapomorphies for Anomodontia. The most consistently cited autapomorphies of Anomodontia are: (1) serrations absent on marginal teeth; (2) mandibular fenestra present; (3) zygomatic arch bowed dorsally. |