Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Limoniinae

Insecta - Diptera - Limoniidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Limoniinae Speiser
1992Limoniinae Krzemiński and Gentilini p. 93
1993Limoniinae Krzemiński p. 598
2000Limoniinae Krzemiński p. 242
2007Limoniinae Perrichot et al.
2012Limoniinae Podenas and Poinar p. 354
2014Limoniinae Kania
2014Limoniinae Krzemiński et al. p. 96
2015Limoniinae Kania p. 2
2015Limoniinae Kania et al. p. 523
2016Limoniinae Gao et al. p. 43
2016Limoniinae Kania and Kopeć p. 102
2016Limoniinae Kania et al. p. 34
2016Limoniinae Kopeć et al. p. 3
2018Limoniinae Kania et al. p. 234
2019Limoniinae Krzemiński p. 512
2019Limoniinae Men et al.
2019Limoniinae Wu and Krzemiński p. 3
2021Limoniinae Kania-Kłosok et al. p. 3
2021Limoniinae Krzemiński et al. p. 436
2022Limoniinae Kania‑Kłosok et al. p. 3

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
RankNameAuthor
classInsecta
orderDiptera
suborderNematoceraLatreille 1825
infraorderTipulomorpha
superfamilyTipuloidea
familyLimoniidae
subfamilyLimoniinae
subfamilyLimoniinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Limoniinae Speiser 1909
show all | hide all
Tr. Antochini Williston 1896
+
G. †Aleksiana Krzemiński et al. 2021
+
†Aleksiana lapra Podenas and Poinar 2009
†Aleksiana rasnitsyni Krzemiński et al. 2021
G. Antocha Osten Sacken 1860
+
†Antocha principialis Scudder 1894
Antocha saxicola Osten-Sacken 1860
Invalid names: Taphrophila Rondani 1856 [synonym]
G. †Antodicranomyia Perrichot et al. 2007
+
†Antodicranomyia azari Perrichot et al. 2007
†Antodicranomyia rubra Kania‑Kłosok et al. 2022
G. †Antohelia Kania 2015
+
†Antohelia stanislawi Kania 2015
G. Dicranomyia Stephens 1829
+
Subg. Dicranomyia (Caenolimonia) Alexander 1967
+
†Dicranomyia (Caenolimonia) alexbrowni Podenas and Poinar 2012
Subg. Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) Stephens 1829
+
+
Invalid names: Limonia flagellata Alexander 1931 [replaced]
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) chiapa Podenas and Poinar 2012
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) excavata Cockerell and Haines 1921
+
Invalid names: Dicranomyia exhumata Cockerell 1922 [synonym]
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) fera Podenas and Poinar 1999
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) gorskii Kania et al. 2013
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) indica Kania et al. 2018
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) lema Podenas and Poinar 1999
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mexa Podenas and Poinar 2012
†Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) vella Podenas and Poinar 2012
Subg. Dicranomyia (Melanolimonia) Alexander 1965
+
†Dicranomyia (Melanolimonia) kukulai Krzemiński et al. 2018
Subg. Dicranomyia (Sivalimnobia) Alexander 1963
+
†Dicranomyia (Sivalimnobia) herczeki Krzemiński and Kania 2015
†Dicranomyia antennifera Theobald 1937
†Dicranomyia baltica Kania 2014
†Dicranomyia bellissima Krzemiński 2001
†Dicranomyia faecarius Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia fontainei Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia fragilis Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia inferna Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia loewi Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia longipes Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia primitiva Scudder 1877
†Dicranomyia primoriana Krzemiński 2000
†Dicranomyia rhodolitha Cockerell 1908
†Dicranomyia rohweri Brown 1985
†Dicranomyia rostrata Scudder 1877
+
Invalid names: Tipula decrepita Scudder 1877 [synonym]
†Dicranomyia saxetana Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia sergio Krzemiński and Gentilini 1992
†Dicranomyia speciosa Krzemiński 2001
†Dicranomyia stagnorum Scudder 1894
†Dicranomyia stigmosa Scudder 1877
+
Invalid names: Tipula tecta Scudder 1877 [synonym]
†Dicranomyia thybotica Henriksen 1922
G. Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken 1860
+
†Dicranoptycha anna Krzemiński and Gentilini 1992
†Dicranoptycha burmitica Kania and Szwedo 2015
†Dicranoptycha electrina Alexander 1931
†Dicranoptycha europaea Zeuner 1941
†Dicranoptycha fragmentata Krzemiński 2004
Dicranoptycha germana Osten-Sacken 1860
†Dicranoptycha osata Podenas 2004
†Dicranoptycha plicativa Gao et al. 2016
†Dicranoptycha staryi Krzemiński 2019
Invalid names: Stibadocerites Zeuner 1941 [synonym]
G. Elephantomyia Osten Sacken 1860
+
Subg. †Elephantomyia (Hoffeinsonia) Kania‑Kłosok and Krzemiński 2021
+
†Elephantomyia (Hoffeinsonia) prima Kania‑Kłosok and Krzemiński 2021
G. Helius Lepeletier and Serville 1828
+
Subg. Helius (Helius) Lepeletier and Serville 1828
+
†Helius (Helius) alavensis Kania et al. 2016
†Helius (Helius) collemus Podenas and Poinar 2012
†Helius (Helius) edmundi Krzemiński 2019
†Helius (Helius) ewa Krzemiński et al. 2014
†Helius (Helius) neali Kopeć et al. 2016
†Helius (Helius) oosterbroeki Kopeć et al. 2016
†Helius (Helius) popovi Krzemiński 2019
†Helius (Helius) qinghai Wu and Krzemiński 2019
†Helius (Helius) spiralis Kania et al. 2018
†Helius (Helius) vectensis Cockerell 1915
†Helius anetae Kania and Kopeć 2016
†Helius botswanensis Rayner and Waters 1990
†Helius constenius Krzemiński 1991
†Helius formosus Krzemiński 1993
†Helius fossilis Kania 2014
†Helius gedanicus Kania 2014
†Helius hispanicus Kania‑Kłosok et al. 2021
†Helius hoffeinsorum Kania 2014
†Helius krzeminskii Ribeiro 2003
†Helius lebanensis Kania et al. 2013
†Helius linus Podenas 2002
†Helius minutus Loew 1850
+
Invalid names: Antocha succinea Meunier 1906 [synonym], Helius abditus Krzemiński 1985 [synonym]
†Helius miocenicus Krzemiński 2002
†Helius mutus Podenas 2002
†Helius pulcher Loew 1850
†Helius similis Kania 2014
†Helius stavropolensis Krzemiński 2002
†Helius tenerus Statz 1944
†Helius turolensis Kania‑Kłosok et al. 2021
†Helius verticillis Krzemiński 2002
†Helius weigandi Statz 1934
Invalid names: Atarba Osten Sacken 1869 [synonym], Megarhina Lepeletier and Serville 1828 [replaced], Rhamphidia Meigen 1830 [synonym]
G. †Lebania Podenas and Poinar 2001
+
†Lebania levantia Podenas and Poinar 2001
†Lebania longaeva Podenas and Poinar 2001
†Lebania pilosa Men 2019
†Lebania podenasi Men 2019
†Lebania scomax Podenas and Poinar 2009
Tr. Lechriini Alexander 1927
+
G. Trichoneura Loew 1850
+
Subg. †Trichoneura (Burmania) Kopeć et al. 2023
+
†Trichoneura (Burmania) burmitensis Kopeć et al. 2023
†Trichoneura (Burmania) canadensis Krzemiński and Teskey 1987
†Trichoneura (Burmania) chungkuni Kopeć et al. 2023
†Trichoneura (Burmania) sevciki Kopeć et al. 2023
†Trichoneura (Burmania) wangi Kopeć et al. 2023
Subg. †Trichoneura (Cretalinea) Kania-Kłosok et al. 2021
+
†Trichoneura (Cretalinea) xavieri Kania-Kłosok et al. 2021
Subg. †Trichoneura (Trichoneura) Loew 1850
+
+
Invalid names: Trichoneura (Sackeniella) decipiens Meunier 1906 [synonym]
Invalid names: Sackeniella Meunier 1894 [synonym]
G. Limonia Meigen 1803
+
†Limonia albertensis Krzemiński and Teskey 1987
†Limonia antiqua Statz 1934
†Limonia cingulata Heer 1849
†Limonia deferi Theobald 1937
†Limonia deleta Giebel 1856
†Limonia dillonae Gelhaus and Johnson 1996
†Limonia formosa Heer 1849
†Limonia horioni Statz 1934
†Limonia luca Krzemiński and Gentilini 1992
†Limonia murchisoni Heer 1856
+
Invalid names: Limnobia curtisi Giebel 1856 [objective synonym]
†Limonia pertinax Westwood 1854
†Limonia skalskii Krzemiński 1998
†Limonia spilota Cockerell 1921
†Limonia tenuis Heer 1849
†Limonia theobaldi Piton 1940
†Limonia vetusta Heer 1849
Invalid names: Agelia Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Ataracta Loew 1850 [synonym], Corethrium Westwood 1854 [synonym], Limnobia Meigen 1818 [objective synonym]
Tr. Limoniini Speiser 1909
+
G. Geranomyia Haliday 1833
+
†Geranomyia euchara Podenas and Poinar 2001
†Geranomyia messiniana Gentilini 1986
Geranomyia unicolor Haliday 1833
G. Lipsothrix Loew 1873
+
†Lipsothrix extincta Alexander 1931
†Lipsothrix radiata Krzemiński 2001
Invalid names: Electrolabis Alexander 1931 [synonym]
G. †Microdacno Kaddumi 2005
+
†Microdacno petraensis Kaddumi 2005
G. Orimarga Osten Sacken 1869
+
Subg. Orimarga (Orimarga) Osten Sacken 1869
+
†Orimarga (Orimarga) lenae Krzemiński 2019
G. †Orimarguloides Men and Podenas 2021
+
†Orimarguloides simplex Men and Podenas 2021
G. †Palestinoptera Kaddumi 2007
+
†Palestinoptera salahi Kaddumi 2007
G. †Protolimnophila Riek 1954
+
G. Rhipidia Meigen 1818
+
Subg. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) Meigen 1818
+
†Rhipidia (Rhipidia) mira Podenas and Poinar 1999
†Rhipidia extincta Unger 1841
†Rhipidia picta Heer 1849
†Rhipidia propinqua Heer 1849
†Rhipidia zyza Podenas 2003
G. Thaumastoptera Mik 1866
+
†Thaumastoptera electra Alexander 1931
†Thaumastoptera ryszardi Krzemiński 1985
†Thaumastoptera shinaqi Podenas 2000
†Thaumastoptera undulata Cockerell and Haines 1921
G. Toxorhina Loew 1850
+
Subg. Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) Wesche 1910
+
†Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) caucasiensis Krzemiński and Freiwald 1991
†Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) christelius Kania‑Kłosok et al. 2022
†Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus) mexicana Kopeć et al. 2016
G. Trentepohlia Bigot 1854
+
Subg. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) Westwood 1881
+
Mongoma fragillima Westwood 1881
†Trentepohlia (Mongoma) pouilloni Ngô-Muller et al. 2019
Subg. †Trentepohlia (Onutia) Podenas 2003
+
Subg. Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) Brunetti 1911
+
†Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) agri Podenas and Poinar 1999
†Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) dzeura Podenas and Poinar 2009
†Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) immemorata Podenas and Poinar 2001
†Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) mexicana Podenas and Poinar 2001
†Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) miocenica Mederos and Wang 2020
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Holocene or 145.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 139.8 Ma

Collections (96 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8United Kingdom (England) Corethrium pertinax (127481)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Lebanon Helius ewa, Helius lebanensis (122471) Helius lebanensis (149847) Lebania levantia, Lebania longaeva (124925)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Limoniinae indet. 1, Limoniinae indet. 2 (77192)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Jordan Microdacno petraensis, Palestinoptera salahi (124847) Thaumastoptera shinaqi (124848)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Spain (Aragón) Helius turolensis (91626)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6France (Poitou-Charentes) Antodicranomyia azari (99114)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Spain (Álava) Helius alavensis, Helius spiralis, Trichoneura xavieri, Helius hispanicus (108769)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5France (Charente-Maritime) Antodicranomyia rubra (107076)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar (Kachin) Helius sp., Lebania scomax, Antocha lapra, Trentepohlia dzeura (104053)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar Aleksiana rasnitsyni, Trichoneura burmitensis, Trichoneura chungkuni, Trichoneura sevciki, Trichoneura wangi (187929) Dicranoptycha burmitica, Trichoneura sevciki (161726) Dicranoptycha fragmentata (123020) Dicranoptycha plicativa (165561) Helius krzeminskii (111688) Lebania podenasi, Lebania hukawngensis, Lebania pilosa, Orimarguloides simplex (204786)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (New Jersey) Limonia dillonae (105001)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Botswana Helius botswanensis (123430)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Russian Federation (Tenkinskii) Limoniinae indet. (105375)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Manitoba) Trichoneura canadensis, Limonia albertensis (122353)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2France (Auvergne) Limnobia theobaldi (113685)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Stibadocerites europaeus (113632)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Dicranomyia indica (183742)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Denmark Dicranomyia thybotica, Dicranomyia speciosa, Dicranomyia bellissima, Dicranomyia freiwaldi (123998) Rhamphidia sp., Rhamphidia thybotica (156718)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Protolimnophila superba (125666)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Colorado) Dicranomyia primitiva (105004)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Colorado) Dicranomyia stigmosa (121146)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Utah) Dicranomyia stigmosa, Dicranomyia primitiva, Dicranomyia rostrata, Tipula decrepita, Tipula tecta (121147)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Dicranomyia primitiva (121306) Dicranomyia rhodolitha (122743)
MP 1348.6 - 40.4Germany (Eifel) Dicranoptycha megaphallus (138912)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Montana) Helius constenius (151911)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Dicranoptycha staryi, Limonia spilota, Orimarga lenae, Dicranomyia brodiei, Dicranomyia excavata, Helius vectensis, Trentepohlia cruciferella, Trentepohlia pallescens (123960) Mongoma cruciferella, Limnobia spilota, Dicranomyia brodiei, Trentepohlia pallescens (21976) Riphidia brodiei, Mongoma cruciferella, Atarba vectensis, Dicranomyia undulata, Dicranomyia excavata, Dicranomyia excavata, Mongoma pallescens, Limnophila aliena, Dicranomyia fasciata, Helius edmundi, Helius popovi, Helius vectensis (123959)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation Toxorhina eridanus, Dicranomyia graciosa, Dicranomyia lobata, Helius fossilis, Helius hoffeinsorum, Helius similis, Elephantomyia longirostris, Elephantomyia pulchella, Elephantomyia christelae, Elephantomyia prima, Toxorhina christelius (123419)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Poland Dicranomyia lobata, Dicranomyia graciosa, Dicranomyia kalandyki, Helius fossilis, Helius gedanicus, Helius similis (110737) Dicranoptycha electrina, Dicranomyia sinuata, Helius abditus, Dicranomyia graciosa, Trichoneura vulgaris, Thaumastoptera ryszardi, Elephantomyia longirostris, Helius sp. (120813) Toxorhina eridanus, Helius minutus, Helius formosus, Dicranomyia alexandri, Dicranomyia baltica, Dicranomyia ewa, Dicranomyia gorskii, Dicranomyia lobata, Dicranomyia meunieri, Dicranomyia sinuata, Dicranomyia succinica, Dicranomyia krzeminskii, Trichoneura vulgaris, Limonia skalskii, Trichoneura gracilistylus, Trichoneura ritzkowskii, Helius similis, Thaumastoptera ryszardi, Trentepohlia bajdai, Elephantomyia bozenae, Elephantomyia brevipalpa, Elephantomyia irinae, Elephantomyia longirostris, Elephantomyia pulchella, Dicranomyia herczeki, Trichoneura wegiereki, Helius anetae, Dicranomyia kukulai, Toxorhina christelius (123215) Trichoneura vulgaris (153481) Trichoneura vulgaris, Rhamphidia pulchra, Toxorhina brevipalpa, Toxorhina longirostris, Toxorhina pulchella, Ataracta grandis, Dicranomyia lobata, Trichoneura gracilistylus, Rhamphidia minuta (109625)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Lithuania Dicranoptycha electrina (123977) Trichoneura vulgaris, Trichoneura gracilistylus (113470)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation (Primorskiy) Dicranomyia primoriana (123794)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Ceratocheilus eridanus (123757) Dicranomyia lobata (123766) Dicranomyia lobata, Trichoneura vulgaris (124088) Dicranomyia meunieri (147612) Dicranoptycha osata, Trentepohlia gagri, Trentepohlia dampfiana, Rhipidia zyza, Helius mutus (124517) Helius minutus, Helius formosus, Trichoneura vulgaris, Antohelia stanislawi (123221) Helius mutus (110735) Limnobia deleta (147344) Limonia perpendicularis (155061) Lipsothrix radiata (123420) Thaumastoptera electra, Dicranomyia sinuata, Trichoneura gracilistylus, Trichoneura ritzkowskii, Elephantomyia irinae (123962) Trentepohlia damzeni, Helius linus (124503) Trichoneura vulgaris (120610 157325 157326) Trichoneura vulgaris, Dicranoptycha electrina, Trentepohlia dampfiana, Dicranomyia lobata, Dicranomyia sinuata, Dicranomyia graciosa, Antocha succinea, Trichoneura decipiens, Trichoneura gracilistylus, Electrolabis extincta, Elephantomyia brevipalpa, Elephantomyia longirostris, Elephantomyia pulchella, Ceratocheilus eridanus, Ataracta grandis, Rhamphidia pulchra (123927) Trichoneura vulgaris, Limonia meunieri, Dicranomyia lobata, Limonia flagellata, Trichoneura gracilistylus, Electrolabis extincta, Elephantomyia baltica, Elephantomyia longirostris, Ceratocheilus eridanus, Trichoneura ritzkowskii, Rhamphidia pulchra (124073) Trichoneura vulgaris, Thaumastoptera electra, Elephantomyia longirostris (127170) Trichoneura vulgaris, Trichoneura gracilistylus (122591 157323)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Halle) Antohelia stanislawi (123910) Elephantomyia brevipalpa (129228)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Dicranomyia stagnorum (34966) Helius faecarius (106379) Rhamphidia faecaria, Rhamphidia loewi, Rhamphidia saxetana, Dicranomyia longipes, Dicranomyia stagnorum, Dicranomyia inferna, Dicranomyia fragilis, Dicranomyia fontainei, Antocha principialis (106384) Tipula rohweri (106382)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Dicranomyia stagnorum (122093)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany Limnobia deferi (122407)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France (Bouches-Du-Rhone) Dicranomyia antennifera (122508) Limnobia sp. (122877)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) Elephantomyia weigandi, Helius tenera, Dicranoptycha rottensis, Limnobia horioni, Limnobia antiqua, Dicranoptycha lignitica (122010)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Indonesia Trentepohlia pouilloni (217036)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mexico (Chiapas) Toxorhina sp. (151418) Trentepohlia mexicana, Trentepohlia immemorata, Dicranomyia sp. 1, Dicranomyia sp. 2, Dicranomyia alexbrowni, Dicranomyia chiapa, Dicranomyia mexa, Dicranomyia vella, Helius collemus (125757)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mexico Dicranomyia sp. (21977)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Japan Limoniinae indet. (114003)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97China (Qinghai) Helius qinghai (184254)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Dominican Republic Dicranomyia lema (232104) Elephantomyia grata, Helius neali, Helius oosterbroeki (122473) Toxorhina mexicana (123422) Toxorhina sp., Geranomyia euchara, Trentepohlia agri, Dicranomyia fera, Dicranomyia lema, Rhipidia mira, Elephantomyia grata (122472) Trentepohlia miocenica (216853)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Russian Federation Toxorhina caucasiensis, Helius stavropolensis, Helius miocenicus, Helius verticillis (105571)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Croatia Limnobia formosa (117250) Rhipidia extincta (117246) Rhipidia extincta, Rhipidia picta, Rhipidia propinqua, Limnobia cingulata, Limnobia tenuis, Limnobia vetusta (117761)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Geranomyia messiniana, Dicranoptycha anna, Dicranomyia sergio, Limonia luca (113886)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Trentepohlia sp. (140788)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar Toxorrhina madagascariensis (152187)