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Mesonychia (mesonychian)

Mammalia - Acreodi

Taxonomy
Mesonychia was named as an order. It is not extant. Its type is Mesonyx. It was considered monophyletic by Geisler and McKenna (2007).

It was reranked as the superfamily Mesonychoidae by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the superfamily Mesonychoidea by Szalay and Gould (1966) and Gingerich (1982); it was reranked as the unranked clade Mesonychia by Tabuce et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Creodonta by Hay (1930); to Condylarthra by Szalay and Gould (1966) and Gingerich (1982); to Paraxonia by Thewissen et al. (2001); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988) and Geisler and McKenna (2007); and to Acreodi by Tabuce et al. (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1930Mesonychoidae Hay p. 465
1966Mesonychoidea Szalay and Gould p. 134
1982Mesonychoidea Gingerich p. 708
1988Mesonychia Carroll
2001Mesonychia Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2007Mesonychia Geisler and McKenna p. 190
2011Mesonychia Tabuce et al. p. 152

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
orderAcreodiMatthew 1909
—Mesonychia
—Mesonychia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Mesonychia [mesonychian]
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Fm. †Hapalodectidae Szalay and Gould 1966 [condylarth]
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G. †Hapalodectes Matthew 1909
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†Hapalodectes anthracinus Zhou and Gingerich 1991
†Hapalodectes auctus Matthew and Granger 1925
†Hapalodectes compressus Matthew 1909
†Hapalodectes dux Lopatin 2001
†Hapalodectes hetangensis Ting and Li 1987
†Hapalodectes huanghaiensis Tong and Wang 2006
†Hapalodectes leptognathus Osborn and Wortman 1892
†Hapalodectes lopatini Solé et al. 2017
†Hapalodectes paleocenus Beard et al. 2010
†Hapalodectes paradux Lopatin 2023
†Hapalodectes serus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Hapalorestes Gunnell and Gingerich 1996
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†Hapalorestes lovei Gunnell and Gingerich 1996
Fm. †Mesonychidae Cope 1875 [condylarth]
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G. †Dissacus Cope 1881
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†Dissacus argenteus O'Leary and Rose 1995
†Dissacus blayaci Stehlin 1926
†Dissacus bohaiensis Tong and Wang 2006
†Dissacus europaeus Lemoine 1891
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Invalid names: Hyaenodictis gaudryi Lemione 1891 [synonym]
†Dissacus filholi Lemoine 1891
†Dissacus indigenus Dashzeveg 1976
†Dissacus magushanensis Yan and Tang 1976
†Dissacus navajovius Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Dissacus carnifex Cope 1882 [synonym]
†Dissacus praenuntius Matthew and Granger 1915
†Dissacus progressus Crusafont-Pairo and Golpe-Posse 1968
†Dissacus raslanloubatieri Solé et al. 2018
†Dissacus rotundus Wang 1975
†Dissacus rougierae Solé et al. 2018
†Dissacus saurognathus Wortman 1897
†Dissacus serior O'Leary and Rose 1995
†Dissacus serratus Chow and Qi 1978
†Dissacus shanghoensis Chow et al. 1973
†Dissacus willwoodensis O'Leary and Rose 1995
†Dissacus zanabazari Geisler and McKenna 2007
†Dissacus zengi Ting 2004
Invalid names: Hyaenodictis Lemoine 1891 [synonym], Hyoenodictis Lemoine 1880 [synonym], Plesidissacus Lemoine 1894 [synonym]
G. †Dissacusium Chow et al. 1977
G. †Harpagolestes Wortman 1901
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†Harpagolestes brevipes Thorpe 1923
†Harpagolestes immanis Matthew 1909
†Harpagolestes koreanicus Shikama 1943
†Harpagolestes leei Jin 2005
†Harpagolestes leotensis Peterson 1931
†Harpagolestes orientalis Szalay and Gould 1966
G. †Hessolestes Peterson 1931
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†Hessolestes ultimus Peterson 1931
G. †Honanodon Chow 1965
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†Honanodon hebetis Chow 1965
†Honanodon macrodontus Chow 1965
G. †Jiangxia Zhang et al. 1979
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†Jiangxia chaotoensis Zhang et al. 1979
G. †Lohoodon Chow et al. 1973
Subfm. †Mesonychinae Cope 1880
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G. †Ankalagon Van Valen 1980
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Invalid names: Ancalagon Van Valen 1978 [synonym]
G. †Guilestes Zheng and Chi 1978
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†Guilestes acares Zheng and Chi 1978
G. †Hukoutherium Chow et al. 1973
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†Hukoutherium ambigum Chow et al. 1973
†Hukoutherium shimemensis Qi and Huang 1982
G. †Mesonyx Cope 1872
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†Mesonyx dakotensis Scott 1892
†Mesonyx obtusidens Cope 1872
†Mesonyx uqbulakensis Tong 1989
G. †Mongolestes Szalay and Gould 1966
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†Mongolestes hadrodens Szalay and Gould 1966
G. †Mongolonyx Szalay and Gould 1966
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†Mongolonyx dolichognathus Szalay and Gould 1966
G. †Yantanglestes Ideker and Yan 1980
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Invalid names: Lestes Yan and Tang 1976 [replaced]
G. †Metahapalodectes Dashzeveg 1976
G. †Olsenia Matthew and Granger 1925
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†Olsenia mira Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Pachyaena Cope 1874
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†Pachyaena gigantea Osborn and Wortman 1892
†Pachyaena gracilis Matthew and Granger 1915
†Pachyaena nemegetica Dashzeveg 1976
†Pachyaena ossifraga Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Pachyaena intermedia Wortman 1899 [synonym]
G. †Plagiocristodon Chow and Qi 1978
G. †Sinonyx Zhou et al. 1995
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†Sinonyx jiashanensis Zhou et al. 1995
G. †Synoplotherium Cope 1872
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†Synoplotherium canius Cope 1872
†Synoplotherium lanius Cope 1872
†Synoplotherium vorax Marsh 1876
Invalid names: Dromocyon Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hapalodectinae Szalay and Gould 1966 [empty]
G. †Simidectes Stock 1933
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†Simidectes magnus Peterson 1919
†Simidectes medius Peterson 1919
†Simidectes merriami Stock 1933
Invalid names: Pleurocyon Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Wyolestes Gingerich 1981
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†Wyolestes apheles Gingerich 1981
†Wyolestes dioctes Gingerich 1982
†Wyolestes iglesius Novacek et al. 1991
Invalid names: Andrewsarchidae Szalay and Gould 1966 [empty], Wyolestidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: omnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2011-04-24 19:49:09
Modified: 2011-04-24 04:49:09
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Tabuce et al. 2011, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Torrejonian to the top of the Early/Lower Oligocene or 63.80000 to 28.40000 Ma

Collections (274 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (New Mexico) Dissacus navajovius (14703)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7China (Guangdong) Hukoutherium ambigum, Dissacus feiganensis, Dissacus shanghoensis (140280) Yantanglestes feiganensis, Hukoutherium ambigum, Dissacusium shanghoensis (176607)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7China (Shaanxi) Hukoutherium shimemensis (132651)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7China (Hunan) Dissacus rotundus (182815)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7China (Shaan-xi (Shensi)) Mesonychidae indet. (176618)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Wyoming) Dissacus navajovius (14886) Dissacus sp. (14912)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Ankalagon saurognathus, Dissacus navajovius (14873 14893) Dissacus navajovius (14812 14833 14835)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (North Dakota) Dissacus sp. (14821)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Montana) Dissacus sp. (14906 14913)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian63.8 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Dissacus navajovius (14842) Dissacus sp. (14838)
Middle Paleocene61.7 - 58.7China (Anhui) Dissacus magushanensis (132945) Hapalodectes lopatini (132939)
Middle Paleocene61.7 - 58.7China (Henan) Mesonychidae indet. (176617)
Middle Paleocene61.7 - 58.7China (Guangdong) Pachyaena sp. (180650) Pachyaena sp., Yantanglestes datangensis (176606)
Middle Paleocene61.7 - 58.7China (Jiangxi) Hapalodectes sp. (139616) Hapalodectes sp., Jiangxia chaotoensis (176612)
Ti161.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Mesonychidae indet. (14939)
Ti361.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Dissacus sp. (14928)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (California) Dissacus sp. (14872)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Montana) Dissacus sp. (15025 15064)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Dissacus argenteus, Dissacus praenuntius (190462) Dissacus navajovius (15049) Dissacus sp. (14936 14964 14985) Pachyaena sp., Dissacus sp. (15017)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Colorado) Sinonyx sp. (174227)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Dissacus europaeus (68428 87925)
Gashatan58.7 - 55.8China (Nei Mongol) Hapalodectes paleocenus, Dissacus serratus (71076)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8China (Nei Mongol) Pachyaena sp., Plagiocristodon serratus, Dissacus serratus (133389)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Mongolia (Omnogov) Hapalodectes dux, Hapalodectes paradux (37008)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8China (Anhui) Sinonyx jiashanensis (86277)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8China (Xin-jiang (Sinkiang)) Mesonychidae indet. (176619)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8China (Anhui (Anhui)) Dissacus magushanensis (176616)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8Mongolia Dissacus sp. (133399) Pachyaena sp. (133398)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8USA (Wyoming) Dissacus navajovius (15024)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Colorado) Dissacus navajovius (15254 15258)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Montana) Dissacus navajovius (15079)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Wyoming) Creodonta indet. (15075) Dissacus argenteus (190432) Dissacus praenuntius (15087 15092 15099 15102 15103 15104 15121 15122 15126 15129 15131 15132 15144 15148 15157 15159 15163 15185 15186 190430) Dissacus sp. (15089 15094)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Dissacus rougierae (178050)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Hérault) Dissacus blayaci (184624) Dissacus sp. (181563)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Pachyaena ossifraga (38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Dissacus sp. (182641)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne-Ardenne) Dissacus raslanloubatieri (28546)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Hainaut) Hyaenodictis sp. (87947)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France Pachyaena gigantea (197267)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Dissacus filholi (35540)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine) Hyaenodictis filholi (178052)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Île-de-France) Pachyaena gracilis (68437)
Arshantan56.0 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Mesonyx uqbulakensis (72204)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71Mongolia Mesonychidae indet. (182486)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Hapalodectes sp. (15917)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3Mexico (Baja California) Dissacus sp., Wyolestes sp. (15671)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Colorado) Hapalodectes leptognathus (15651) Pachyaena ossifraga (15480 15485 15861 15864) Pachyaena sp. (15350 15371 15375)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (New Mexico) Pachyaena ossifraga (15452)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3Canada (Northwest Territories) Pachyaena sp. (15583)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Dissacus longaevus (46650) Dissacus longaevus, Pachyaena sp. (46662) Dissacus praenuntius (15458 15759 46816) Dissacus praenuntius, Pachyaena gigantea (46809) Dissacus sp. (15541 15594 46830) Dissacus sp., Hapalodectes anthracinus (15729) Dissacus sp., Hapalodectes leptognathus (15559) Hapalodectes anthracinus (15499) Hapalodectes leptognathus (15553 15556 15558 15566 15964) Hapalodectes sp. (27268) Pachyaena gigantea (15530 109254) Pachyaena gigantea, Pachyaena gracilis (46792) Pachyaena gigantea, Pachyaena ossifraga (15531 46846) Pachyaena gracilis (15491 15592 15596 15697 15702 15889 46639 46683 46699 46720 46782 46801 46839 109255) Pachyaena gracilis, Pachyaena ossifraga (15510) Pachyaena gracilis, Wyolestes apheles (15589) Pachyaena ossifraga (15455 15505 15507 15514 15518 15522 15524 15532 15536 15694 15704 15707 15831 46731 46733 46759 46768 46808) Pachyaena ossifraga, Wyolestes apheles (46659) Pachyaena sp. (15756 15793 46667 46709 46773 46789 46799 46814) Pachyaena sp., Hapalodectes compressus (15710) Sinopa viverrina (15662) Wyolestes apheles (15586 15683 15727 15734 15762 15779 15787 15796 46636 46647) Wyolestes sp., Pachyaena ossifraga (46690)
Bumbanian55.8 - 48.6China (Nei Mongol) Dissacus sp. (72202)
Bumbanian55.8 - 48.6Mongolia (Southern Mongolia) Dissacus zanabazari (37206)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6China (Shandong) Hapalodectes huanghaiensis, Dissacus bohaiensis (77929)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) Dissacus praenuntius (154253 154254 154255) Hapalodectes anthracinus (15679) Hapalodectes leptognathus (15680) Pachyaena ossifraga (15709) Pachyaena sp. (15690)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6China (Hunan) Dissacus sp., Hapalodectes hetangensis (87239)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6China (Nei Mongol) Dissacus sp., Mesonyx nuhetingensis, Mongolonyx dolichognathus (75275) Hapalodectes serus, Mongolonyx dolichognathus (174920)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6Spain Dissacus progressus (53154)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6Spain (Huesca) Dissacus blayaci (197266)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Colorado) Mesonyx obtusidens (16240 16241)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Hapalorestes lovei (16223) Harpagolestes macrocephalus (16253 16284 16414) Harpagolestes sp. (16647) Mesonychidae indet. (16137 16207 16397 16415) Mesonyx obtusidens (16201 16205 16228 16256 16491) Mesonyx sp. (15837) Patriofelis ferox (223509) Simidectes sp. (223474) Synoplotherium lanius (223463 223475 223476 223480 223482 223503 223506)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Utah) Mesonychidae indet. (16396)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan Mesonychidae indet. (95141)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Kyrgyzstan Olsenia sp. (177051)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Pakistan Mesonychidae indet. (93752)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Xinjiang) Mesonychidae indet. (176332) Mesonyx uqbulakensis (176335) Metahapalodectes sp., Mesonyx uqbulakensis (176333)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Harpagolestes leei (89041 174762) Mesonychidae indet., Hapalodectes serus, Harpagolestes orientalis (28792) Olsenia mira (174962)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Oregon) Harpagolestes uintensis (16842)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Mongolia Harpagolestes orientalis (174909)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Henan) Honanodon hebetis (42165 180849) Pachyaena sp., Harpagolestes leei, Mongolestes alxaensis, Honanodon macrodontus, Hapalodectes lushiensis, Harpagolestes orientalis (46193)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Colorado) Mesonyx sp. (16623)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Harpagolestes sp. (16670) Simidectes medius (16693)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Hessolestes sp. (16650)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Utah) Harpagolestes sp. (109203)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Harpagolestes uintensis, Simidectes magnus, Mesonychidae indet. (16542) Simidectes magnus (16614)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7Canada (Saskatchewan) Harpagolestes sp. (16626)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Mesonychidae indet. (16585)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Utah) Harpagolestes brevipes, Mesonyx obtusidens (16646) Harpagolestes leotensis (16594) Harpagolestes leotensis, Pleurocyon magnus (16607) Harpagolestes uintensis, Mesonyx obtusidens (16656) Mesonyx sp. (16606) Simidectes medius (16654)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Harpagolestes sp. (16537) Hessolestes sp. (16633 16638) Simidectes magnus (16624)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Wyoming) Harpagolestes sp. (16648) Synoplotherium sp. (223455 223462 223464) Synoplotherium sp., Mesonychia indet. (223425)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Simidectes medius (16547) Simidectes merriami (16590)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Texas) Harpagolestes sp. (16857) Simidectes magnus (16855 16856 16858)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (Utah) Hessolestes ultimus (16861)
Duchesnean39.7 - 37.0USA (California) Simidectes merriami (16810)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9North Korea (Hwanghae-do) Harpagolestes koreanicus (48621)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9China (Guangxi) Harpagolestes sp., Guilestes acares (182554)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia (Dornogobi Aimag) Mesonychidae indet. (152082)
Late/Upper Eocene - Oligocene37.2 - 23.03North Korea (Kokai-do) Harpagolestes koreanicus (13997)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4China (Nei Mongol) Harpagolestes alxaensis (174915 180729)