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Proterotheriidae
Taxonomy
Proterotheriidae was named by Ameghino (1887). Its type is Proterotheriinae.
It was corrected as Proterotheridae by Ameghino (1891) and Ameghino (1894).
It was assigned to Toxodontia by Cope (1889); to Litopterna by Gregory (1910); to Litopterni by Jaekel (1911); to Lopholipterna by Cifelli (1983); and to Litopterna by Ameghino (1891), Lydekker (1894), Ameghino (1894), Ameghino (1897), Scott (1913), Simpson (1934), Simpson (1935), Simpson (1948), Simpson et al. (1962), Simpson (1967), Carroll (1988) and Kramarz et al. (2010).
It was corrected as Proterotheridae by Ameghino (1891) and Ameghino (1894).
It was assigned to Toxodontia by Cope (1889); to Litopterna by Gregory (1910); to Litopterni by Jaekel (1911); to Lopholipterna by Cifelli (1983); and to Litopterna by Ameghino (1891), Lydekker (1894), Ameghino (1894), Ameghino (1897), Scott (1913), Simpson (1934), Simpson (1935), Simpson (1948), Simpson et al. (1962), Simpson (1967), Carroll (1988) and Kramarz et al. (2010).
Subtaxa
Anisolambda (syn. Josepholeidya, Eulambda), Anisolambda nodulosa, Anisolambdinae, Anisolophus, Brachytherini, Caliphrium, Deuterotherium, Diplasiotherium, Eoauchenia, Eoproterotherium, Eoprotherotherium, Epecuenia, Guilielmofloweria, Heteroglyphis, Lambdaconus, Licaphrops, Lophogododon, Megadolodinae, Mesolicaphrium, Neodolodus, Neolicaphrium, Olisanophus, Paramacrauchenia, Phoradiadius, Picturotherium, Polyacrodon (syn. Periacrodon, Decaconus, Oroacrodon), Prolicaphrium, Promylophis, Proterotheriinae (type subfamily), Proterotherini, Prothoatherium, Ricardolydekkeria (syn. Heterolambda, Lopholambda), Tetramerorhinus, Thoatherium (syn. Rhagodon, Merycodon), Villarroelia, Xesmodon (syn. Glyphodon)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1887 | Proterotheriidae Ameghino |
1889 | Proterotheriidae Cope p. 876 |
1891 | Proterotheridae Ameghino p. 10 |
1891 | Bunodontheridae Mercerat |
1894 | Proterotheridae Ameghino p. 33 |
1894 | Proterotheriidae Lydekker p. 57 |
1897 | Proterotheriidae Ameghino p. 451 |
1904 | Anisolambda nodulosa Roth |
1910 | Proterotheriidae Gregory p. 466 |
1911 | Proterotheridae Jaekel p. 245 |
1913 | Proterotheriidae Scott p. 489 |
1934 | Proterotheriidae Simpson |
1935 | Proterotheriidae Simpson p. 9 |
1948 | Proterotheriidae Simpson |
1962 | Proterotheriidae Simpson et al. |
1967 | Proterotheriidae Simpson |
1983 | Proterotheriidae Cifelli |
1988 | Proterotheriidae Carroll |
2010 | Proterotheriidae Kramarz et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Proterotheriidae Ameghino 1887
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G. †Anisolambda Ameghino 1901
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†Anisolambda amel Simpson 1948
†Anisolambda fissidens Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Josepholeidya Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Subfm. †Anisolambdinae Cifelli 1983
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G. †Anisolophus Burmeister 1885
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†Anisolophus floweri Ameghino 1887
†Anisolophus minusculus Roth 1899
Tr. †Brachytherini Ameghino 1891
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G. †Proterotherium Ameghino 1883
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†Proterotherium acer Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium americanum Bravard 1858
†Proterotherium australe Burmeister 1879
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Invalid names: Tetramerorhinus mixtum Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
†Proterotherium brachygnathum Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium browni Scott 1910
†Proterotherium cavum Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Anomodontherium montanum Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Oreomeryx propius Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Oreomeryx superbus Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Thoatherium periculorum Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Proterotherium cervioides Ameghino 1883
†Proterotherium cingulatum Ameghino 1891
†Proterotherium curtidens Ameghino 1891
†Proterotherium dichotomum Ameghino 1904
†Proterotherium divortium Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium dogei Scott 1910
†Proterotherium intermedium Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium karaikense Ameghino 1904
†Proterotherium mixtum Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium nitens Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium perpolitum Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium politum Ameghino 1904
†Proterotherium principale Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium pyramidatum Ameghino 1894
†Proterotherium simplicidens Rovereto 1914
Invalid names: Anomodontherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Diadiaphorus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Diaphragmodon Mercerat 1893 [synonym], Heptaconus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Oreomeryx Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Tichodon Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
G. †Diplasiotherium Rovereto 1914
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†Diplasiotherium pampa Soria 2001
†Diplasiotherium robustum Rovereto 1914
G. †Eoauchenia Ameghino 1887
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†Eoauchenia cingulata Cabrera 1939
†Eoauchenia primitiva Ameghino 1887
G. †Eoproterotherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Lambdaconus Ameghino 1897
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†Lambdaconus inaequifacies Ameghino 1904
†Lambdaconus lacerum Ameghino 1902
†Lambdaconus suinus Ameghino 1897
G. †Licaphrops Ameghino 1904
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†Licaphrops coalescens Ameghino 1904
†Licaphrops festinus Ameghino 1902
Subfm. †Megadolodinae Cifelli and Villarroel 1997
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G. †Mesolicaphrium McGrath et al. 2020
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†Mesolicaphrium sanalfonense Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
G. †Neolicaphrium Frenguelli 1921
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†Neolicaphrium major Soria 2001
†Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli 1921
G. †Olisanophus McGrath et al. 2020
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†Olisanophus akilachuta McGrath et al. 2020
†Olisanophus riorosarioensis McGrath et al. 2020
G. †Paramacrauchenia Bordas 1939
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†Paramacrauchenia inexspectata Soria 2001
†Paramacrauchenia scammata Ameghino 1902
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Invalid names: Prothoatherium plicatum Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
†Paramacrauchenia scamnata Ameghino 1902
G. †Polyacrodon Roth 1899
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†Polyacrodon ligatus Roth 1899
Invalid names: Decaconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oroacrodon Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Periacrodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Prolicaphrium Ameghino 1902
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†Prolicaphrium specillatum Ameghino 1902
†Prolicaphrium spectabile Ameghino 1902
Subfm. †Proterotheriinae Ameghino 1885
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G. †Brachytherium Ameghino 1883
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†Brachytherium cuspidatum Ameghino 1883
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Invalid names: Epitherium paranensis Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Licaphrium mesopotamiense de Blanchini and Blanchini 1971 [synonym], Lophogonodon gradatum Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
†Brachytherium cuspidatus Ameghino 1883
†Brachytherium gradatum Ameghino 1891
†Brachytherium morenoi Rovereto 1914
G. †Neobrachytherium Soria 2001
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†Neobrachytherium ameghinoi Soria 2001
†Neobrachytherium intermedium Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Neobrachytherium morenoi Rovereto 1914
†Neobrachytherium ullumense Soria 2001
Tr. †Proterotherini Ameghino 1891
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G. †Licaphrium Ameghino 1887
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†Licaphrium debile Ameghino 1894
†Licaphrium granatum Ameghino 1894
†Licaphrium intermedium Ameghino 1891
†Licaphrium intermissum Ameghino 1891
†Licaphrium proclivum Ameghino 1894
†Licaphrium proximum Ameghino 1904
†Licaphrium pyramidatum Ameghino 1904
†Licaphrium tenuae Ameghino 1894
G. †Prothoatherium Ameghino 1902
G. †Ricardolydekkeria Ameghino 1901
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†Ricardolydekkeria cinctula Ameghino 1904
†Ricardolydekkeria lunulata Ameghino 1904
†Ricardolydekkeria praerupta Ameghino 1901
†Ricardolydekkeria profunda Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Heterolambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Lopholambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Tetramerorhinus Ameghino 1894
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†Tetramerorhinus cingulatum Ameghino 1891
†Tetramerorhinus cingulatum fleaglei Soria 2001
†Tetramerorhinus fleaglei Kramarz and Bond 2005
†Tetramerorhinus fortis Ameghino 1894
†Tetramerorhinus lucarius Ameghino 1894
†Tetramerorhinus prosistens Ameghino 1899
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Invalid names: Diadiaphorus zamius Ameghino 1899 [synonym], Heptaconus obcallatus Ameghino 1899 [synonym]
G. †Thoatherium Ameghino 1887
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†Thoatherium bilobatum Ameghino 1904
†Thoatherium crepidatum Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Merycodon damesi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Rhagodon gracilis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Thoatherium karaikense Ameghino 1904
†Thoatherium rhabdodon Ameghino 1894
†Thoatherium velatum Ameghino 1904
Invalid names: Merycodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Rhagodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Villarroelia Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
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†Villarroelia totoyoi Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
G. †Xesmodon Berg 1899
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†Xesmodon langi Roth 1899
†Xesmodon prolixus Roth 1899
Invalid names: Glyphodon Roth 1899 [replaced]
Invalid names: Anisolambda nodulosa Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Bunodontheridae Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Cifelli and Villarroel 1997, MacFadden et al. 1996, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Casamayoran to the top of the Lujanian or 56.00000 to 0.01200 Ma
Collections (174 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Riochican | Argentina (Chubut) | Josepholeidya sp., Ricardolydekkeria sp. (13781) | |
Casamayoran | Argentina (Chubut) | Anisolambda sp. (175743) Josepholeidya adunca (175738) Lambdaconus suinus, Anisolambda fissidens, Heterolambda lunulata, Ricardolydekkeria cinctula (176285) | |
Ypresian | Argentina (Chubut) | Anisolambda sp. (133040) | |
Early/Lower Eocene | Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | Anisolambda prodromus (118314) | |
Mustersan | Argentina (Chubut) | Decaconus intricatus (176286) Glyphodon langi (176317) Polyacrodon lanciformis (175761) Polyacrodon lanciformis, Polyacrodon ligatus, Megacrodon prolixus, Heteroglyphis dewoletzky (176290) Polyacrodon ligatus (176287) | |
Lutetian | Argentina (Chubut) | Anisolambda fissidens, Anisolambda amel (176170) Anisolambda fissidens, Josepholeidya adunca, Ricardolydekkeria praerupta, Anisolambda amel (44956) | |
Lutetian - Bartonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Josepholeidya adunca (176164) | |
Divisaderan | Argentina (Mendoza) | Phoradiadius divortiensis (92669) | |
Bartonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Anisolambda fissidens, Josepholeidya deculca, Ricardolydekkeria praerupta, Ricardolydekkeria profunda, Guilielmofloweria plicata (13779) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Anisolambda nodulosa (38653) Proterotheriidae indet. (186572) | |
Deseadan | Uruguay (Canelones) | Proterotherium berroi (176488) | |
Deseadan | Peru (Moquegua) | Proterotheriidae indet. (59940) | |
Deseadan | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Deuterotherium sp. (50074) | |
Deseadan | Argentina (Chubut) | Deuterotherium distichum (146358) Deuterotherium distichum, Protheosodon coniferus (14211) | |
Deseadan | Bolivia (La Paz) | Promylophis cifellii (194514) | |
Deseadan | Brazil (Sao Paulo) | Proterotheriidae indet. (152418) | |
Deseadan | Argentina (Mendoza) | Lambdaconus suinus (176466) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Colombia (Tolima) | Protheosodon sp. (133440) | |
Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Proterotheriinae indet. (89027) | |
Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Proterotheriinae indet. (89093) | |
Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | Prolicaphrium festinum, Prolicaphrium spectabile (141368) | |
Burdigalian | Argentina (Chubut) | Tetramerorhinus sp. (176205) | |
Burdigalian | Chile (Aisén) | Proterotheriidae indet., Proterotherium sp., Thoatherium sp., Picturotherium sp., Thoatherium minusculum (71843) | |
Burdigalian | Chile (Magallanes) | Proterotheriinae indet., Paramacrauchenia scamnata (204203) | |
Burdigalian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Picturotherium migueli, Lambdaconus lacerum, Tetramerorhinus prosistens, Tetramerorhinus fleaglei (59319) Picturotherium migueli, Tetramerorhinus fleaglei (59323) Picturotherium migueli, Tetramerorhinus prosistens, Tetramerorhinus fleaglei (59133 59321) Tetramerorhinus fleaglei (59326) Tetramerorhinus prosistens, Tetramerorhinus fleaglei (59320 59322) | |
Burdigalian - Langhian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Thoatherium minusculum, Anisolophus sp. (197691) | |
Santacrucian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Anisolophus australis (176574) Anisolophus australis, Tetramerorhinus mixtum (176598) Anisolophus floweri (210637) Anisolophus floweri, Tetramerorhinus mixtum (210153) Diadiaphorus majusculus (142529) Diadiaphorus sp. (176578 176636) Diadiaphorus sp., Proterotherium cavum (176600) Diadiaphorus sp., Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, Diadiaphorus caniadensis (59332) Diadiaphorus sp., Tetramerorhinus lucarius (210154) Diadiaphorus sp., Tetramerorhinus sp. (176571) Proterotherium cavum (176641) Proterotherium cavum, Diadiaphorus robustus (176599) Proterotherium cavum, Licaphrium floweri, Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus robustus (176601) Proterotherium intermedium (206236) Proterotherium intermedium, Licaphrium floweri (206237) Proterotherium sp. (207605) Tetramerorhinus cingulatum (176565) Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, Licaphrium floweri, Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus robustus, Tetramerorhinus mixtum, Diadiaphorus majusculus (142533) Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, Tetramerorhinus lucarius, Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus majusculus, Anisolophus floweri (210638) Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, Thoatherium minusculum (176602) Tetramerorhinus fortis, Diadiaphorus majusculus (27313) Tetramerorhinus lucarius, Diadiaphorus majusculus, Anisolophus australis (210786) Tetramerorhinus lucarius, Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus majusculus (210787) Tetramerorhinus sp., Tetramerorhinus cingulatum, Tetramerorhinus lucarius, Thoatherium minusculum, Anisolophus australis (176590) Thoatherium minusculum (87314 176635 204358) Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus majusculus, Anisolophus australis (176570) Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus majusculus, Tetramerorhinus mixtum (176576) Thoatherium minusculum, Diadiaphorus mayusculus (207604) Thoatherium sp. (176622) Thoatherium sp., Licaphrium floweri, Thoatherium minusculum (176603) | |
Santacrucian | Argentina (San Juan) | Proterotheriidae indet. (197899) | |
Langhian | Colombia (Guajira) | P. sp. (190376) | |
Langhian | Bolivia (Potosí) | Diadiaphorus sp. (68402) | |
Middle Miocene | Colombia (Huila) | Megadolodus molariformis (232436 232437) Neodolodus colombianus (232438) | |
Serravallian | Peru (San Martin) | Megadolodus sp. (230802) | |
Serravallian | Bolivia (Tarija) | Olisanophus sp. (197502) | |
Serravallian | Colombia | Neodolodus colombianus (214580) | |
Laventan | Peru | Proterotheriidae indet. (107992) | |
Laventan | Bolivia (Tarija) | Olisanophus sp., Olisanophus riorosarioensis, Olisanophus akilachuta (133664) Proterotheriidae indet., Olisanophus sp., Olisanophus riorosarioensis, Olisanophus akilachuta (38071) | |
Laventan | Colombia | Proterotheriidae indet. (13684) Villarroelia totoyoi (13739 13750 13754) | |
Laventan | Colombia (Huila) | Isotemnidae indet. (133692) Megadolodus molariformis (133693 186608 186675 187888 188018) Neodolodus colombianus (186389) Prolicaphrium sanalfonensis (145175 186787 187968 195259) Proterotheriidae indet. (133441) Prothoatherium colombianus (12970) Villarroelia totoyoi (143792 186676 187959 188237) | |
Laventan | Colombia (Huila Department) | Prothoatherium Colombianus (12973) Prothoatherium colombianus (12971 12972 12974 12975) | |
Laventan | Peru (Ucayali) | Tetramerorhinus sp. (144950) | |
Tortonian | Brazil (Amazonas) | Proterotheriidae indet. (67386) | |
Tortonian | Brazil (Acre) | Proterotheriidae indet. (67383) Proterotherium sp. (55602) | |
Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Anoplotherium americanum (13626) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Uruguay (San José) | Proterotheriidae indet., Neobrachytherium ameghinoi, Pseudobrachytherium breve (202701) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Brazil (Acre) | Proterotheriidae indet. (134808) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Venezuela (Falcón) | Bounodus enigmaticus (144849) | |
Chasicoan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Brachytherium sp., Proterotheriinae indet., Neobrachytherium ullumense (79180) Neobrachytherium ullumense (140913) | |
Huayquerian | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Epecuenia thoatherioides, Eoauchenia cingulata (212302) Neobrachytherium sp. (206032) Proterotheriidae indet., Neobrachytherium ullumense (198270) Proterotheriinae indet., Diplasiotherium pampa (232691) Proterotheriinae indet., Neobrachytherium sp. (210573) | |
Huayquerian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Neobrachytherium sp. (55596) | |
Huayquerian | Argentina (La Pampa) | Brachytherium cuspidatum, Neobrachytherium sp., Diplasiotherium pampa, Epecuenia thoatherioides, Eoauchenia cingulata (87198) Diplasiotherium pampa (151498) Proterotheriidae indet., Brachytherium cuspidatum (152061) Proterotheriidae indet., Neobrachytherium sp., Diplasiotherium pampa (140925) Proterotheriidae indet., Proterotheriinae indet. (152063) | |
Huayquerian | Bolivia (Chuquisaca) | Proterotheriidae indet. (68792) | |
Huayquerian | Argentina (Catamarca) | Diadiaphorus sp. (157794) | |
Huayquerian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Brachytherium cuspidatum, Proterotherium cervioides, Proterotherium gradatum, Epitherium paranensis, Licaphrium mesopotamiense, Coelosoma eversa, Neobrachytherium ameghinoi (55600) Proterotheriinae indet., Brachytherium cuspidatum (204596) | |
Huayquerian - Montehermosan | Argentina (Cordoba) | Proterotheriidae indet. (140630) | |
Messinian | Argentina (La Pampa) | Eoauchenia primitiva (140932) Proterotheriidae indet., Diplasiotherium pampa (141939) | |
Messinian - Zanclean | Argentina (La Rioja) | Eoauchenia sp. (152263) | |
Messinian - Zanclean | Argentina (Catamarca) | Neobrachytherium morenoi (204538) | |
Montehermosan | Argentina (Catamarca) | Brachytherium laternarium (176757) | |
Montehermosan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Diplasiotherium robustum, Eoauchenia primitiva, Epitherium laternarium (198863) Diplasiotherium sp. (199153) Eoauchenia primitiva (152062 152064 152081) Epitherium laternarium (61302) Proterotheriidae indet., Eoauchenia primitiva (152085 152088) | |
Montehermosan - Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Catamarca) | Brachytherium laternarium (157795) | |
Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Brachytherium sp. (199154 199156) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Proterotheriidae indet. (122033) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Cordoba) | Proterotheriinae indet. (191133) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Proterotherium sp. (213138) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Proterotheriinae indet. (207682) | |
Piacenzian | Colombia (La Guajira) | P. sp. (166508) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Proterotheriidae indet. (195172) | |
Ensenadan | Argentina | Proterotheriidae indet. (213459) | |
Ensenadan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Proterotheriidae indet. (217131) | |
Lujanian | Uruguay (Salto) | Neolicaphrium recens (211641) | |
Lujanian (interglacial) | Uruguay (Salto) | Neolicaphrium recens (140159) | |
Lujanian | Uruguay | Neolicaphrium recens (71274 71325) | |
Lujanian | Argentina (Corrientes) | Neolicaphrium recens (211638) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Córdoba) | Neolicaphrium recens (211637 211639) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Santiago del Estero) | Neolicaphrium recens (191153) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Neolicaphrium recens (149143) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Cordoba) | Proterotheriidae indet. (191130) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Santa Fé) | Neolicaphrium recens (190806) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Uruguay | Neolicaphrium recens (211855) |