PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Elaphrus

Insecta - Coleoptera - Carabidae

Taxonomy

Elaphrus was named by Fabricius (1775). It is extant. It is the type genus of Elaphrii.

It was assigned to Coleoptera by Latreille (1796); to Eleuterata by Fabricius (1775) and Fabricius (1798); to Elaphrii by Latreille (1802); to Carabiques by Dejean (1821); to Carabidae by Scudder (1900); to Elaphrinae by Bouchard et al. (2011); and to Elaphrini by LeConte (1861), Goulet (1983) and Tamutis et al. (2011).

Species

E. (Neoelaphrus), E. americanus, E. angusticollis, E. californicus, E. cupreus, E. finitimus (syn. E. ruscarius foveatus), E. irregularis, E. japonicus, E. lapponicus, E. lecontei, E. pliocenicus, E. purpurans, E. riparius, E. ruscarius, E. sibiricus, E. tuberculatus

Synonyms

Elaphrus irregularis was named by Scudder (1890). Its type specimen is Hinde 14527, an elytra, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Scarborough Bluffs (Hinde collection), which is in a Pleistocene lacustrine deltaic siltstone in the Scarborough Formation of Canada.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Goulet (1983).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1775	Elaphrus Fabricius p. 227
1796	Elaphrus Latreille p. 75
1798	Elaphrus Fabricius p. 63
1802	Elaphrus Latreille p. 82
1821	Elaphrus Dejean p. 18
1861	Elaphrus LeConte p. 7
1890	Elaphrus irregularis Scudder p. 534 figs. Pl 1 fig 56
1895	Elaphrus irregularis Scudder p. 56
1900	Elaphrus Scudder p. 16
1900	Elaphrus irregularis Scudder p. 17
1983	Elaphrus Goulet
2011	Elaphrus Bouchard et al. p. 107
2011	Elaphrus Tamutis et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924

Rank	Name	Author
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Holometabola
—	Aparaglossata
—	Neuropteriformia
—	Coleopterida
order	Coleoptera
—	Mesocoleoptera
—	Metacoleoptera
suborder	Adephaga
family	Carabidae	()
subfamily	Elaphrinae	()
genus	Elaphrus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Elaphrus Fabricius 1775

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Subg. Elaphrus (Neoelaphrus) Hatch 1951

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Elaphrus (Neoelaphrus) clairvillei Kirby 1837

Elaphrus americanus Dejean 1831

Elaphrus angusticollis Sahlberg 1844

Elaphrus californicus Mannerheim 1843

Elaphrus cupreus Duftschmid 1812

Elaphrus finitimus Casey 1920

Elaphrus japonicus Ueno 1954

Elaphrus lapponicus Gyllenhal 1810

Elaphrus lecontei Crotch 1876

†Elaphrus pliocenicus Piton 1939

Elaphrus purpurans Hausen 1891

Elaphrus riparius Linnaeus 1758

Elaphrus ruscarius Say 1834

Elaphrus sibiricus Motschulsky 1846

Elaphrus tuberculatus Maklin 1877

Invalid names: Elaphrus irregularis Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Elaphrus ruscarius foveatus Pierce 1948 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 11.60800 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (35 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Russian Federation	E. riparius (113713)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Japan	E. sp. (165744)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Japan	E. sp. (165742)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	Greenland	E. lapponicus (160143) E. sibiricus (160108) E. spp., E. lapponicus, E. lecontei, E. tuberculatus, E. angusticollis (160109) E. spp., E. lapponicus, E. tuberculatus, E. angusticollis (160144) E. spp., E. tuberculatus (160146 160153) E. tuberculatus (160152)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	France	E. pliocenicus (113996)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	Russian Federation	E. riparius (163069)
Chibanian	0.774 - 0.129	Japan	E. japonicus (165704)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Japan	E. japonicus (165710)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Japan (Kumamoto)	E. sp., E. japonicus (165716)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	United Kingdom	E. riparius (168265)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Washington)	E. americanus, E. purpurans, E. clairvillei (167662) E. californicus, E. purpurans, E. clairvillei (157092) E. clairvillei (169370)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (British Columbia)	E. americanus (167673)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	United Kingdom (England)	E. cupreus (164904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Russian Federation	E. lapponicus (173216)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	United Kingdom (Worcestershire)	E. cupreus (163075) E. riparius, E. lapponicus, E. cupreus (163070)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Russian Federation (Astrakhan)	E. riparius (125794)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Pennsylvania)	E. clairvillei (137212) E. lapponicus (137207 137209)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (Ontario)	E. americanus (174229) E. irregularis (122182)
Tarantian	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Pennsylvania)	E. clairvillei (137205) E. lapponicus, E. americanus (137204) E. lapponicus, E. clairvillei (137201)
Tarantian	0.129 - 0.0117	Canada (British Columbia)	E. clairvillei (161523)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (California)	E. ruscarius (161518)