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Taxonomy
Homoptera was named by Leach (1815). It is extant. It was considered polyphyletic by Grimaldi and Engel (2005).
It was reranked as the order Homoptera by Cockerell (1921) and Martynov (1928).
It was assigned to Neoptera by Martynov (1928); to Insecta by Cockerell (1921), Bode (1953) and Hong (1979); and to Hemiptera by Tillyard (1918), Tillyard (1921), Tillyard (1923), Cockerell (1926), Carpenter (1933), Zeuner (1941), Statz (1950), Whalley (1985) and Grimaldi and Engel (2005).
It was reranked as the order Homoptera by Cockerell (1921) and Martynov (1928).
It was assigned to Neoptera by Martynov (1928); to Insecta by Cockerell (1921), Bode (1953) and Hong (1979); and to Hemiptera by Tillyard (1918), Tillyard (1921), Tillyard (1923), Cockerell (1926), Carpenter (1933), Zeuner (1941), Statz (1950), Whalley (1985) and Grimaldi and Engel (2005).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1815 | Homoptera Leach |
1918 | Homoptera Tillyard |
1921 | Homoptera Cockerell |
1921 | Homoptera Tillyard |
1923 | Homoptera Tillyard |
1926 | Homoptera Cockerell |
1928 | Homoptera Martynov p. 10 |
1933 | Homoptera Carpenter |
1941 | Homoptera Zeuner p. 88 |
1950 | Homoptera Statz p. 3 |
1953 | Homoptera Bode |
1979 | Homoptera Hong |
1985 | Homoptera Whalley |
2005 | Homoptera Grimaldi and Engel |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Homoptera Leach 1815
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Fm. †Permaleurodidae Becker-Migdisova 1959
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G. †Permaleurodes Becker-Migdisova 1959
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†Permaleurodes rotundatum Becker-Migdisova 1959
†Permaleurodes rotundatus Becker-Migdisova 1959
Invalid names: Biturritiidae Metcalf 1951 [empty], Coccaria Becker-Migdisova 1960 [empty], Lophophidae Stal 1866 [empty], Psyllinea [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wordian to the top of the Late/Upper Miocene or 266.90000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma
Collections (23 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Wordian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Permaleurodes rotundatum (124603) | |
Changhsingian | Australia (New South Wales) | Permocapitus globulus (122433) | |
Changhsingian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Aleuronympha bibulla (14350 14357) | |
Changhsingian | South Africa (Natal) | H. large nymph, Aleuronympha bibulla (124428) | |
Carnian | China (Xinjiang) | Homoptera indet. (156325) | |
Norian | Australia (Queensland) | Homoptera indet. (111558 123797) Knezouria unicus (154205) | |
Angulata | Switzerland | Palaeomyrmex prodromus (131766) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Homoptera indet. (107323) | |
Toarcian | Kyrgyzstan | Mesaleuropsis venosa (114703) | |
Bajocian - Bathonian | China (Anhui) | Homoptera indet. (106695) | |
Early/Lower Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Cercopidium hahnii (105966) H. larva A (104002) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | H. larva B (104003) | |
Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (Surrey) | H. larva C (74973) | |
Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Homoptera indet. (114641) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Homoptera indet. (65422) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Morocco | Homoptera indet. (127539) | |
Turonian | Botswana | Homoptera indet. (34851) | |
Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Homoptera indet. (149289) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Khabarovsk) | Homoptera indet. (117672) |