Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Calymenina

Trilobita - Phacopida

Taxonomy
Calymenina was named by Swinnerton (1915). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Phacopida by Harrington and Leanza (1957) and Adrain (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Calymenina Swinnerton
1957Calymenina Harrington and Leanza
2011Calymenina Adrain p. 106

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
RankNameAuthor
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumArtiopoda(Hou and Bergstrom)
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderPhacopidaSalter 1864
suborderCalymeninaSwinnerton 1915
suborderCalymeninaSwinnerton 1915

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Calymenina Swinnerton 1915
show all | hide all
Fm. †Bathycheilidae Pribyl 1953
+
G. †Bathycheilus Holub 1908
+
†Bathycheilus castilianus Hammann 1983
Invalid names: Parabathycheilus Mergl 1984 [synonym]
G. †Eulomina Ružicka 1931
+
†Eulomina mitratum Ruzicka 1926
Fm. †Bavarillidae Sdzuy 1957
+
G. †Bavarilla Barrande 1868
+
†Bavarilla hofensis Barrande 1868
†Bavarilla zemmourensis Destombes et al. 1969
G. †Holoubkocheilus Mergl 1994
+
†Holoubkocheilus asopus Mergl 2006
Fm. †Calymenidae Milne-Edwards 1840
+
G. †Calymenesun Kobayashi 1951
Subfm. †Calymeninae Milne Edwards 1840
+
G. †Alcymene Ramsköld et al. 1994
G. †Arcticalymene Adrain and Edgecombe 1997
G. †Atlanticalymene Adrain et al. 2020
+
†Atlanticalymene bardensis Adrain et al. 2020
G. †Calymene Brongniart 1822
+
Subg. †Calymene (Calymene) Brongniart 1822
†Calymene ansensis Männil 1977
†Calymene barnesi Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004
†Calymene blumenbachii Brongniart 1822
†Calymene breviceps Raymond 1916
†Calymene bufo Green 1832
†Calymene callicephala Green 1832
†Calymene celebra Raymond 1916
†Calymene conradi Emmons 1855
†Calymene frontosa Lindström 1885
†Calymene gamachei Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004
†Calymene granulosa Foerste 1909
†Calymene hadyardensis Lamont 1949
†Calymene latifrons Bronn 1825
†Calymene latigenata Männil 1977
†Calymene marginata Shirley 1936
†Calymene mimaspera Schrank 1970
+
†Calymene minimarginata Schrank 1970
†Calymene nasuta Ulrich 1879
†Calymene niagarensis Hall 1843
†Calymene nowlani Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004
†Calymene orthomarginata Schrank 1970
†Calymene polgari Siveter and Chatterton 1996
†Calymene pompeckji Kummerow 1928
†Calymene retrorsa Foerste 1910
†Calymene ubitquitosus Howells 1982
G. †Diacalymene Kegel 1927
+
†Diacalymene consimilis Schuchert and Cooper 1930
†Diacalymene gabrielsi Siveter and Chatterton 1996
†Diacalymene lesperancei Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004
†Diacalymene schucherti Twenhofel 1928
Invalid names: Dekalymene Curtis and Lane 1998 [synonym]
Subfm. †Carmoninae Kielan 1960
+
G. †Carmon Barrande 1872
+
†Carmon mutilus Kielan 1960
Subfm. †Flexicalymeninae Siveter 1977
+
G. †Flexicalymene Shirley 1936
+
†Flexicalymene aurora Hughes 1969
†Flexicalymene cambrensis Salter 1865
†Flexicalymene caractaci Salter 1865
+
Invalid names: Flexicalymene cobboldi Dean 1963 [synonym], Flexicalymene trigonoceps Bancroft 1949 [synonym]
†Flexicalymene cavei Price 1974
†Flexicalymene granulosa Foerste 1909
†Flexicalymene griphus Ross 1967
†Flexicalymene incerta Barrande 1852
†Flexicalymene magnipapilla Stumm and Kauffman 1958
†Flexicalymene meeki Foerste 1910
†Flexicalymene onniensis Shirley 1936
†Flexicalymene peregrina Zhou and Zhou 2006
†Flexicalymene planilabra Stumm and Kauffman 1958
†Flexicalymene praelongicephala Stumm and Kauffman 1958
†Flexicalymene quadricapita Stumm and Kauffman 1958
†Flexicalymene retrorsa Foerste 1910
+
†Flexicalymene scabustula Siveter 1977
†Flexicalymene scotica Lamont 1949
†Flexicalymene shirleyi Tripp 1954
†Flexicalymene tazarinensis Destombes 1966
†Flexicalymene trinucleina Tullberg 1882
†Flexicalymene vaccarii Waisfeld and Sanchez 1993
G. †Metacalymene Kegel 1927
G. †Sthenarocalymene Siveter 1977
+
†Sthenarocalymene lirella Siveter 1977
G. †Thelecalymene Whittington 1971
+
G. †Gravicalymene Shirley 1936
+
†Gravicalymene affinis Hawle and Corda 1847
†Gravicalymene arcuata Price 1982
†Gravicalymene asperula Vanek 1965
†Gravicalymene australis Etheridge and Mitchell 1917
†Gravicalymene bakeri Smith and Ebach 2020
†Gravicalymene capitovata Siveter 1977
†Gravicalymene convolva Shirley 1936
†Gravicalymene coppinsensis Chatterton and Campbell 1980
†Gravicalymene deani Ingham 1977
†Gravicalymene eunoa Haas 1968
†Gravicalymene hagani Ross 1967
†Gravicalymene hetera Gill 1945
†Gravicalymene hornyi Snajdr 1981
†Gravicalymene inflata Dean 1963
†Gravicalymene interjecta Hawle and Corda 1847
†Gravicalymene lardeuxi Pillet 1976
†Gravicalymene longmenshanensis Li and Hao 1978
†Gravicalymene maura Alberti 1969
†Gravicalymene pola Snadjr 1982
†Gravicalymene pontilis Price 1982
†Gravicalymene quadrilobata Chatterton 1971
†Gravicalymene reperta Oehlert 1890
†Gravicalymene scutula Holloway 1980
†Gravicalymene susi McNamara 1979
†Gravicalymene tedderensis Alberti 1969
†Gravicalymene vaccina Holloway 1994
†Gravicalymene yamakoshii Kobayashi and Hamada 1977
†Gravicalymene zhenzishanensis Kobayashi and Hamada 1977
Invalid names: Apocalymene Chatterton and Campbell 1980 [synonym]
G. †Linguocalymene Tomczykowa 1991
G. †Liocalymene Raymond 1916
G. †Neseuretus Hicks 1873
+
Subg. †Neseuretus (Neseuretus) Hicks 1873
†Neseuretus arenosus Dean 1966
†Neseuretus attenuatus Gigout 1951
†Neseuretus avus Hammann 1977
†Neseuretus bergeroni Thoral 1935
†Neseuretus bullatus Whittard 1960
†Neseuretus caerhunensis Beckly 1989
†Neseuretus chaschuilensis Vaccari and Waisfeld 1994
†Neseuretus convexius Sheng 1958
†Neseuretus elegans Lee 1978
+
Invalid names: Neseuretus leiboensis Lee 1978 [synonym]
†Neseuretus equalis Lu in Lu and Chang 1974
†Neseuretus henkei Hammann 1977
†Neseuretus kayseri Kobayashi 1951
†Neseuretus kobayashii Harrington and Leanza 1957
+
Invalid names: Calymene (Synhomalonotus) pompeckji Kobayashi 1937 [replaced], Synhomalonotus pompeckji Kobayashi 1937 [replaced]
†Neseuretus leonensis Hammann 1983
†Neseuretus lipanensis Waisfeld 1997
†Neseuretus monensis Shirley 1936
†Neseuretus murchisoni Salter 1865
†Neseuretus paronai Pellizzari 1913
+
Invalid names: Neseuretus concavus Lu 1975 [synonym], Neseuretus expansus Lu 1975 [synonym], Neseuretus tenellus Lu 1975 [synonym]
†Neseuretus parvifrons McCoy 1851
+
Invalid names: Neseuretus brevisulcus Whittard 1960 [synonym], Neseuretus complanatus Whittard 1960 [synonym]
†Neseuretus ramseyensis Hicks 1873
+
Invalid names: Calymene recurvatus Hicks 1873 [synonym], Neseuretus elongatus Hicks 1873 [synonym], Neseuretus grandior Whittard 1960 [synonym], Neseuretus quadratus Hicks 1873 [synonym]
†Neseuretus sexangulus Dean 1971
†Neseuretus tardus Hammann 1983
†Neseuretus tristani Brongniart in Desmarest 1817
+
Invalid names: Calymene sanmigueli Linares 1950 [synonym]
†Neseuretus turveyi Zhou et al. 2001
+
Invalid names: Neseuretus elongatus Zhou et al. 1998 [replaced]
†Neseuretus vaningeni Dean in Dean and Martin 1978
Invalid names: Synhomalonotus Pompeckj 1898 [synonym]
G. †Nipponocalymene Kaneko 1985
G. †Onnicalymene Dean 1962
+
†Onnicalymene laticeps Bancroft 1949
G. †Papillicalymene Shirley 1936
+
†Papillicalymene husseyi Stumm and Kauffman 1958
Subfm. †Pharostomatinae Hupe 1953
+
G. †Prionocheilus Rouault 1847
+
†Prionocheilus foveolatum Törnquist 1884
+
Invalid names: Prionocheilus narinosus Siveter 1977 [synonym]
†Prionocheilus mendax Vanek 1965
†Prionocheilus obtusus McCoy 1846
†Prionocheilus pulchra Beyrich 1846
†Prionocheilus verneuili Rouault 1847
Invalid names: Pharostoma Hawle and Corda 1847 [synonym]
G. †Xuanenia Zhou 1977
+
†Xuanenia granulosa Zhou 1977
†Xuanenia splendida Ju 1983
G. †Platycalymene Shirley 1936
+
†Platycalymene dilatata Tullberg 1882
†Platycalymene duplicata Murchison 1839
†Platycalymene metoeca Ingham and Tripp 1991
†Platycalymene tasgarensis Shirley 1936
†Platycalymene trapezoidalis Baldis and Pothe 1995
Invalid names: Sulcocalymene Baldis and Pothe 1995 [synonym]
G. †Pradoella Hammann 1977
+
†Pradoella lugneensis Courtessole et al. 1983
†Pradoella pradoi Hammann 1977
†Pradoella sanabriensis Hammann 1983
G. †Protocalymene Ross and Barnes 1967
+
†Protocalymene mcallisteri Ross and Barnes 1967
G. †Reacalymene Shirley 1936
G. †Reedocalymene Kobayashi 1951
+
Subfm. †Reedocalymeninae Hupe 1955
+
G. †Neseuretinus Dean 1967
+
+
Invalid names: Neseuretinus turcicus Dean 1967 [synonym], Neseuretus ghavideli Bruton et al. 2004 [synonym]
G. †Vietnamia Kobayashi 1960
+
†Vietnamia abnormis Lee 1987
†Vietnamia douvillei Mansuy 1908
†Vietnamia nivalis Salter 1865
†Vietnamia pamiricus Balashova 1966
†Vietnamia sulcatus Kolobova in Sokolov and Yolkin 1978
†Vietnamia teichmuelleri Hammann and Leone 1997
Invalid names: Sarrabesia Hammann and Leone 1997 [synonym]
G. †Salterocoryphe Hammann 1977
+
†Salterocoryphe salteri Rouault 1851
G. †Spathacalymene Tillman 1960
G. †Tapinocalymene Siveter 1980
Fm. †Homalonotidae Chapman 1890
+
G. †Arduennella Wenndorf 1990
G. †Burmeisterella Reed 1918
+
†Burmeisterella armata Burmeister 1843
Subfm. †Colpocoryphinae Hupe 1955
+
G. †Colpocoryphe Novak and Perner 1918
+
†Colpocoryphe adisol Šnajdr 1984
†Colpocoryphe arago Rouault 1849
†Colpocoryphe bohemica Vanek 1965
†Colpocoryphe grandis Snajdr 1956
†Colpocoryphe inopinata Novak and Perner 1918
†Colpocoryphe rouaulti Henry 1970
†Colpocoryphe taylorum Fortey and Owens 1987
†Colpocoryphe thorali Dean 1966
G. †Plaesiacomia Hawle and Corda 1847
+
†Plaesiacomia hesselinki Hammann 1983
†Plaesiacomia hughesi Thomas 1977
†Plaesiacomia oehlerti Kerforne 1900
†Plaesiacomia rara Hawle and Corda 1847
†Plaesiacomia vacuvertis Thomas 1977
Subfm. †Eohomalonotinae Hupe 1953
+
G. †Calymenella Bergeron 1890
+
†Calymenella alcantarae Hammann and Henry 1978
†Calymenella bayani Tromelin and Lebesconte 1875
†Calymenella boisseli Bergeron 1890
†Calymenella zaplensis Harrington and Leanza 1957
G. †Eohomalonotus Reed 1918
+
†Eohomalonotus brongniarti Deslongchamps 1825
†Eohomalonotus incertus Bigot 1888
†Eohomalonotus sdzuyi Hammann and Henry 1978
†Eohomalonotus vicaryi Salter 1865
†Eohomalonotus villicumensis Baldis and Blasco 1975
Subfm. †Homalonotinae Chapman 1890
+
G. †Brongniartella Reed 1918
+
†Brongniartella minor Salter 1852
†Brongniartella platynota Dalman 1828
†Brongniartella robusta Lespérance 1968
Invalid names: Pamirotellus Balashova 1968 [synonym], Portaginus Lesperance 1968 [synonym]
G. †Burmeisteria Salter 1865
G. †Digonus Guerich 1909
+
†Digonus comes Chlupac 1981
†Digonus roemeri de Koninck 1876
†Digonus zemmourensis Pillet 1961
G. †Dipleura Green 1832
+
†Dipleura dekayi Green 1832
G. †Homalonotus König 1825
+
†Homalonotus bisulcatus McCoy 1851
†Homalonotus harrisoni McCoy 1876
Invalid names: Koenigia Salter 1965 [objective synonym]
G. †Parahomalonotus Reed 1918
+
†Parahomalonotus calvus Chatterton et al. 2006
†Parahomalonotus forbesi Rouault 1855
†Parahomalonotus gervillei de Verneuil 1850
†Parahomalonotus vialai Gosselet 1912
G. †Platycoryphe Foerste 1919
+
†Platycoryphe bohemica Barrande 1852
†Platycoryphe christyi Hall 1860
†Platycoryphe dangeardi Henry 1971
†Platycoryphe dyaulax Thomas 1977
†Platycoryphe heberti Lebesconte 1887
†Platycoryphe platycephala Foerste 1910
†Platycoryphe vieillardi Tromelin 1877
†Platycoryphe vulcani Murchison 1839
Invalid names: Liangshanaspis Zhang 1974 [synonym]
G. †Trimerus Green 1832
G. †Wenndorfia Sandford 2005
+
†Wenndorfia angusticostatus Tomczykowa 1975
†Wenndorfia bostoviensis Tomczykowa 1975
†Wenndorfia miloni Renaud 1942
†Wenndorfia mutabilis Koch 1880
G. †Iberocoryphe Hammann 1977
+
†Iberocoryphe bonissenti Morière 1885
†Iberocoryphe deslongchampsi Tromelin 1877
†Iberocoryphe fugitivus Tromelin 1877
†Iberocoryphe serratus Tromelin 1877
†Iberocoryphe verneuili Hammann 1977
G. †Kerfornella Henry 1976
+
†Kerfornella barrandei Hammann 1983
†Kerfornella brevicaudata Deslongchamps 1825
†Kerfornella miloni Henry 1976
Subfm. †Kerfornellinae Henry 1980
+
G. †Huemacaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1980
+
†Huemacaspis bistrami Hoek 1912
G. †Leiostegina Kobayashi 1937
G. †Scabrella Wenndorf 1990
Fm. †Pharostomatidae Hupé 1953
+
G. †Altiplanelaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1980
+
†Altiplanelaspis palquiensis Přibyl and Vanĕk 1980
G. †Paivinia Rosov and Dubatlova 1985
G. †Pharostomina Sdzuy 1955
+
†Pharostomina mexicana Robison and Pantoja-Alor 1968
†Pharostomina trapezoidalis Harrington and Leanza 1957
Invalid names: Colpocoryphoides Harrington and Leanza 1957 [synonym]
G. †Ptychometopus Schmidt 1894
G. †Thulincola Tripp 1962
+
†Thulincola immanis Tripp 1980
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: fast-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-02-29 09:07:31
Modified: 2016-06-02 12:44:28
Source: c = class
Reference: Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Tremadocian to the top of the Frasnian or 485.40000 to 372.20000 Ma

Collections (2214 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cressagian486.5 - 482.0United Kingdom (England) Pharostomina sp. (3663)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (Hunan) Neseuretus sp. (7694)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (Hunan and Hubei) Calymene sp. (7720)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Argentina (Jujuy) Calymenella zaplensis (9062) Colpocoryphoides trapezoidalis (9088 115669)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Czech Republic Bavarilla hofensis (192829 210165) Eulomina sp. (3782) Holoubkocheilus granulatus, Parabathycheilus krafti, Eulomina mitratum (192830) Parabathycheilus vagans, Holoubkocheilus asopus (223845) Pharostomina ferentaria, Eulomina mitratum (3837)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7China (JiangXi) Platycoryphe sp. (7759)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Spain (Zaragoza) Bathycheilus sp., Prionocheilus languedocensis (21076) Bavarilla sp., Pharostomina sp. (21073 21074) Prionocheilus languedocensis (197251)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Mexico (Oaxaca) Pharostomina mexicana (9837 9852)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Argentina Pharostomina tenuisulcata (8897)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Bolivia Pharostomina alvarezi, Pharostomina trapezoidalis (8804) Pharostomina sp., Altiplanelaspis sp. (8837) Pharostomina trapezoidalis (8839)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (New York) Dipleura dekayi (91225 91232 91234 91235 91249 91274)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Pennsylvania) Trimerus dekayi (9657 9661 9674 9707 9896 9897 9898 9902 9905 9907 9924 9926) Trimerus sp. (627 669 670)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Dipleura dekayi (8727 8808 8809 8811 8812 8813 8814 8817 8818 8819 8820 8822 8823 8825 8830 8832 8913 8917 8919 8959 8960 8961 8962 8963 8964 8965 8967 8968 8969 8970 8971 8972 9018 9029 10459 89657 89658 89660 89661 89668 89699 89741 89876 89886 89940 96209) Dipleura sp. (10540 10543)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7France (Alsace) Dipleura lanvoiensis (40074)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Spain (Aragon) Trimerus lanvoiensis (40446)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Libya Dipleura sp. (36185)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Brazil (Para) Homalonotus sp. (37173)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Colombia (Boyaca) Homalonotus sp. (36012)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2South Africa (Eastern Cape) Trimerus sp. (77958)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Libya Dipleura sp. (35628)