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Thalassophonea
Taxonomy
Subtaxa
Brachaucheninae, Gallardosaurus, Liopleurodon, Makhaira, Peloneustes, Pliosaurus (syn. Stretosaurus, Spondylosaurus, Ischyrodon), Pliosaurus brachyspondylus (syn. Spondylosaurus frearsi, Pliosaurus wosinskii, Polyptychodon archiaci, Pliosaurus nitidus, Plesiosaurus recentior), Pliosaurus macromerus (syn. Ischyrodon meriani), Simolestes
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1822 | Plesiosaurus recentior Parkinson p. 302 |
1840 | Plesiosaurus brachyspondylus Owen p. 78 |
1845 | Spondylosaurus frearsi Fischer de Waldheim |
1846 | Pliosaurus wosinskii Fischer de Waldheim |
1860 | Pliosaurus worinskii Owen p. 235 |
1869 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Seeley p. 97 |
1871 | Pliosaurus nitidus Phillips pp. 360-361 figs. CLVI-CLVIII |
1872 | Polyptychodon archiaci Deslongchamps figs. pl. 5, figs 1-2 |
1959 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Tarlo pp. 284-285 figs. plates 51-52 |
1960 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Delair pp. 70-71 |
1960 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Tarlo p. 156 |
1989 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Halstead p. 38 |
1993 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Bardet et al. p. 390 |
1993 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Taylor and Cruickshank |
2012 | Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Knutsen p. 267 |
2013 | Thalassophonea Benson et al. |
2014 | Thalassophonea Benson and Druckenmiller |
2014 | Thalassophonea Gasparini and O'Gorman |
2018 | Thalassophonea O’Gorman et al. p. 242 |
2020 | Thalassophonea Zverkov and Pervushov |
2023 | Thalassophonea Páramo-Fonseca et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Thalassophonea Benson and Druckenmiller 2014
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Subfm. †Brachaucheninae Williston 1925
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G. †Discosaurus Leidy 1851
G. †Kronosaurus Longman 1924
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†Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992
†Kronosaurus queenslandicus Longman 1924
G. †Liopleurodon Sauvage 1873
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†Liopleurodon ferox Sauvage 1873
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Invalid names: Thaumatosaurus mosquensis Kiprijanoff 1883 [synonym]
†Liopleurodon pachydeirus Seeley 1869
G. †Pliosaurus Owen 1841
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†Pleiosaurus macromerus Phillips 1871
†Pliosaurus almanzaensis O’Gorman et al. 2018
†Pliosaurus andrewsi Tarlo 1960
†Pliosaurus carpenteri Benson et al. 2013
†Pliosaurus funkei Knutsen et al. 2012
†Pliosaurus gamma Phillips 1871
†Pliosaurus grandis Owen 1840
†Pliosaurus grossouvrei Sauvage 1873
†Pliosaurus kevani Benson et al. 2013
†Pliosaurus patagonicus Gasparini and O'Gorman 2014
†Pliosaurus rossicus Novozhilov 1948
†Pliosaurus westburyensis Benson et al. 2013
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus rigauxi Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Ischyrodon Merian 1838 [synonym], Plesiosaurus giganteus Conybeare 1824 [nomen oblitum], Pliosaurus irgisensis Novozhilov 1948 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus portentificus Noè et al. 2004 [nomen dubium], Spondylosaurus Fischer 1845 [synonym], Stretosaurus Tarlo 1959 [synonym]
G. †Simolestes Andrews 1909
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†Simolestes indicus Lydekker 1877
†Simolestes keileni Godefroit 1994
†Simolestes vorax Andrews 1909
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Invalid names: Thaumatosaurus calloviensis Bogolubov 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus macromerus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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R. B. J. Benson and P. S. Druckenmiller 2014 | Pliosaurids with the following unique unambiguous synapomorphy: anteroposterior expansion of the dorsal part of the ilium large, expanded to more than 2.5 times the minimum anteroposterior width of the shaft (character 224.3); and these non-unique, unambiguous synapomorphies: medial portion of squamosal arch with anteroposteriorly compressed cross section (54.1; reversed in Brachacheninae, also present in Muraenosaurus leedsii, some polycotylids and elasmosaurids), ventral keel on mandibular symphysis (114.1), heterodont premaxillary dentition (132.1), axial rib articulates with atlantal centrum (142.1; in addition to the axial centrum, with which it articulates primitively), mediolaterally oriented buttress on ventral surface of coracoid absent (216.1), propodials with dorsoventrally compressed, ‘flange’-like pre- and postaxial distal extensions (238.1; reversed in Pliosaurus +Brachaucheninae; also present in some polycotylids), humerus length to width ratio 1.7–2.2 (244.2), preaxial margin of humerus concave with a small anterodistal expansion (245.1), femoral length to width ratio 1.55–2.00 (251.2). Numerous additional cranial synapomorphies are optimised only under DELTRAN because of the relatively high proportion of missing data (72.1%) for the cranial skeleton of Marmornectes candrewi, the sister taxon of Thalassophonea (see online Appendix S1). |