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Dinocephalia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1894Dinocephalia Seeley p. 226
1895Dinocephalia Seeley
1911Dinocephali Jaekel p. 182
1913Dinocephalia Broom
1923Dinocephalia Nopcsa
1934Dinocephalia Swinton p. 51
1937Dinocephalia Roxo p. 43
1946Dinocephalia Kuhn p. 57
1954Brithopus bashkyricus Efremov
1954Brithopus ponderus Efremov
1954Dinocephalia Haughton and Brink p. 5
1954Dinocephalia Huene p. 30
1962Deinocephalia Olson p. 48
1969Dinocephalia Boonstra
1982Dinocephalia Kemp p. 348
1988Dinocephalia Carroll
1988Dinocephalia King
1989Dinocephalia Gauthier et al. p. 341
1991Dinocephalia Rubidge
1996Dinocephalia Cheng and Ji pp. 124, 132
2000Dinocephalia Battail and Surkov p. 94
2001Dinocephalia Rubidge and Sidor
2003Dinocephalia Ivakhnenko
2008Dinocephalia Ivakhnenko
2011Dinocephalia Kammerer et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
Eutherapsida
suborderDinocephalia
suborderDinocephalia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Dinocephalia Seeley 1894
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Superfm. †Anteosauria Boonstra 1962
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Fm. †Anteosauridae Boonstra 1954
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Subfm. †Anteosaurinae Boonstra 1954
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G. †Anteosaurus Watson 1921
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Anteosaurus magnificus Watson 1921
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Invalid names: Anteosaurus abeli Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus acutirostris Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus crassifrons Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus cruentus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus laticeps Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus levops Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus lotzi Broili and Schröder 1935 [synonym], Anteosaurus minor Broom 1929 [synonym], Anteosaurus minusculus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus parvus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Anteosaurus vorsteri Broom 1936 [synonym], Paranteosaurus primus Boonstra 1954 [synonym]
Anteosaurus major Boonstra 1937
Invalid names: Micranteosaurus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Oudenodon rugosus Trautschold 1884 [nomen dubium], Paranteosaurus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Pseudanteosaurus Boonstra 1954 [synonym], Titanognathus Broili and Schröder 1935 [synonym]
G. †Titanophoneus Efremov 1940
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Titanophoneus potens Efremov 1940
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Invalid names: Doliosaurus yanschinovi Orlov 1958 [synonym]
Invalid names: Doliosauriscus Kuhn 1961 [synonym]
G. †Archaeosyodon Tchudinov 1960
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Archaeosyodon praeventor Tchudinov 1960
G. †Chthomaloporus Chudinov 1964
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Chthomaloporus lenocinator Tchudinov 1964
G. †Microsyodon Ivakhnenko 1995
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Microsyodon orlovi Ivakhnenko 1995
G. †Sinophoneus Cheng and Ji 1996
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Sinophoneus yumenensis Cheng and Ji 1996
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Invalid names: Stenocybus acidentatus Cheng and Li 1997 [synonym]
Invalid names: Stenocybus Cheng and Li 1997 [synonym]
Subfm. †Syodontinae Ivachnenko 1994
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G. †Australosyodon Rubidge 1994
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Australosyodon nyaphuli Rubidge 1994
G. †Notosyodon Tchudinov 1968
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Notosyodon gusevi Tchudinov 1968
G. †Pampaphoneus Cisneros et al. 2012
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Pampaphoneus biccai Cisneros et al. 2012
G. †Syodon Kutorga 1838
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Syodon biarmicum Kutorga 1838
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Invalid names: Cliorhizodon orenburgensis Twelvetrees 1880 [synonym], Syodon efremovi Orlov 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cliorhizodon Twelvetrees 1880 [synonym]
Invalid names: Admetophoneus Efremov 1954 [nomen dubium], Admetophoneus kargalensis Efremov 1954 [nomen dubium], Archaeosuchus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Archaeosuchus cairncrossi Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Eccasaurus Broom 1909 [nomen dubium], Eccasaurus priscus Broom 1909 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Anteosauroidea Boonstra 1962
+
Invalid names: Brithopidae Boonstra 1972 [empty]
G. †Davletkulia Ivachnenko 1990
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Davletkulia gigantea Ivachnenko 1990
Subor. †Dinocephalida Ivakhnenko 2008
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Infraor. †Eotitanosuchina Ivakhnenko 2008
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Fm. †Alrausuchidae Ivakhnenko 2008
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G. †Alrausuchus Ivakhnenko 2008
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Alrausuchus tagax Ivakhnenko 1990
Infraor. †Eodeinocephalia Olson 1962
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Fm. †Brithopodidae Efremov 1954
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G. †Mnemeiosaurus Nopcsa 1923
Fm. †Driveriidae Olson 1962
+
G. †Driveria Olson 1962
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Driveria ponderosa Olson 1962
Fm. †Mastersoniidae Olson 1962
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G. †Mastersonia Olson 1962
+
Infraor. †Eotitanosuchida Ivakhnenko 2003
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Superfm. †Eotitanosuchoidea Tchudinov 1960
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Invalid names: Eotitanosuchidae Tchudinov 1960 [empty]
Superfm. †Microuranioidea Ivakhnenko 1995
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Fm. †Microuraniidae Ivakhnenko 1995
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G. †Microurania Ivakhnenko 1995
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Microurania mikia Ivakhnenko 2003
Microurania minima Ivakhnenko 1995
G. †Phreatosuchus Efremov 1954
G. †Tamboeria Seeley 1904
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Tamboeria maraisi Seeley 1904
Infraor. †Tapinocephalia
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G. †Deuterosaurus Eichwald 1848
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Deuterosaurus biarmicus Eichwald 1846
Deuterosaurus jubilaei Nopcsa 1928
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Invalid names: Uraniscosaurus watsoni Nopcsa 1928 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Mnemejosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [synonym], Ulemosaurus minutus Vjuschkov 1955 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Niaftasuchoidea Ivakhnenko 1990
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Fm. †Niaftasuchidae Ivakhnenko 1990
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G. †Niaftasuchus Ivakhnenko 1990
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Niaftasuchus zekkeli Ivakhnenko 1990
Fm. †Tapinocephalidae Owen 1876
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G. †Keratocephalus Huene 1931
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Keratocephalus moloch von Huene 1931
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Invalid names: Pelosuchus priscus Broom [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelosuchus Broom 1905 [synonym]
Subfm. †Moschopinae Boonstra 1969
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G. †Avenantia Boonstra 1952
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Avenantia kruisvleiensis Boonstra 1952
G. †Criocephalosaurus Kammerer and Sidor 2002
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Invalid names: Criocephalus Broom 1928 [replaced]
G. †Delphinognathus Seeley 1892
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G. †Moschops Broom 1911
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Moschops capensis Broom 1911
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Invalid names: Moschognathus whaitsi Broom 1914 [synonym]
Moschops koupensis Boonstra 1957
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Invalid names: Pnigalion oweni Watson 1914 [synonym]
Moschops romeri Bryne 1937
Invalid names: Agnosaurus Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Agnosaurus pienaari Boonstra 1952 [nomen dubium], Moschognathus Broom 1914 [synonym], Moschoides Bryne 1937 [synonym], Pnigalion Watson 1914 [synonym]
Subfm. †Riebeeckosaurinae Boonstra 1969
+
G. †Riebeeckosaurus Boonstra 1952
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Subfm. †Struthiocephalinae Boonstra 1969
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G. †Struthiocephaloides Boonstra 1952
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G. †Struthiocephalus Haughton 1915
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Struthiocephalus whaitsi Haughton 1915
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Invalid names: Moschosaurus longicesps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus parvus Boonstra 1955 [synonym], Struthiocephalus akraalensis Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Struthiocephalus kitchingi Brink 1958 [synonym], Struthiocephalus milleri Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Struthiocephalus rheederi Broom 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Moschosaurus Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus Boonstra 1955 [synonym]
G. †Struthionops Boonstra 1952
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Struthionops intermedius Boonstra 1952
G. †Taurocephalus Broom 1928
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Taurocephalus lerouxi Broom 1928
Subfm. †Tapinocephalinae Lydekker 1890
+
G. †Mormosaurus Watson 1914
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Mormosaurus seeleyi Watson 1914
G. †Phocosaurus Seeley 1888
+
Phocosaurus megischion Seeley 1888
G. †Tapinocaninus Rubidge 1991
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Tapinocaninus pamelae Rubidge 1991
G. †Tapinocephalus Owen
+
+
Invalid names: Taurops macrodon Broom 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Taurops Broom 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Riebeeckosaurini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Struthiocephalini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Tapinocephalini Gregory 1962 [empty]
Invalid names: Lamiasaurus Watson 1914 [nomen dubium], Lamiasaurus newtoni Watson 1914 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Tapinocephaloidea Owen 1876
+
Fm. †Ulemosauridae Ivakhnenko 1994
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G. †Ulemosaurus Riabinin 1938
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Ulemosaurus gigas Efremov 1954
Ulemosaurus svijagensis Riabinin 1938
Invalid names: Brithopus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Brithopus priscus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Orthopus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Orthopus primaevus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium]
Infraor. †Titanosuchida
+
Superfm. †Deuterosauroidea Seeley 1894
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Invalid names: Deuterosauridae Seeley 1894 [empty]
G. †Planipes Demathieu and Gand 1995
Superfm. †Titanosuchoidea Broom 1903
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Fm. †Titanosuchidae Broom 1903
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G. †Jonkeria Hoepen 1916
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Jonkeria haughtoni Broom 1929
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Invalid names: Jonkeria crassus Broom 1929 [synonym]
Jonkeria ingens Broom 1923
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Invalid names: Jonkeria pugnax Broom 1929 [synonym]
Jonkeria koupensis Boonstra 1955
Jonkeria parva Boonstra 1955
Jonkeria rossouwi Boonstra 1955
Jonkeria truculenta van Hoepen 1914
+
Invalid names: Phoneosuchus angusticeps Broom 1929 [synonym]
Jonkeria vanderbyli Broom 1929
Invalid names: Dinophoneus Broom 1923 [synonym], Dinopolus Broom 1936 [synonym], Dinopolus atrox Broom 1936 [nomen dubium], Dinosphageus Broom 1929 [synonym], Phoneosuchus Broom 1929 [synonym]
G. †Titanosuchus Owen 1876
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Titanosuchus ferox Owen 1879
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Invalid names: Parascapanodon avifontis Boonstra 1955 [synonym], Scapanodon duplessisi Broom 1904 [synonym], Scapanodon septemfontis Boonstra 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Parascapanodon Boonstra 1955 [synonym], Scapanodon Broom 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dinartamus Broom 1923 [nomen dubium], Dinartamus vanderbyli Broom 1923 [nomen dubium], Enobius Broom 1923 [nomen dubium], Enobius strubeni Broom 1923 [nomen dubium], Scullya Broom 1929 [nomen dubium], Scullya gigas Broom 1929 [nomen dubium], Titanosuchinae Broom 1903 [empty], Titanosuchus cloetei Broom 1903 [nomen dubium], Titanosuchus dubius Haughton 1915 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Syodontidae Ivakhnenko 1994 [empty]
Invalid names: Brithopia Kemp 1982 [empty], Brithopus bashkyricus Efremov 1954 [nomen dubium], Brithopus ponderus Efremov 1954 [nomen dubium], Estemmenosuchia Kemp 1982 [empty], Estemmenosuchoidea Tchudinov 1960 [empty], Mormosauridae Boonstra 1936 [empty], Moschopidae Boonstra 1936 [empty], Moschosauridae Boonstra 1936 [empty], Stenocybusidae Cheng and Li 1997 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. G. Seeley 1895Temporal vacuities small. Cerebral region between them wide, and usually expanded above the brain-case. Skull bones are enormously thick; no interior cartilage to the brain-case. Palato-nares far forward. Occipital condyle singel, convex. Teeth with canines sometimes developed. Molar teeth pointed, convex in front, concave behind, with serrated borders, and a transverse inwardly developed ledge.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Kungurian to the top of the Wuchiapingian or 279.30000 to 254.17000 Ma

Collections (92 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ufimian279.5 - 272.5Russian Federation (Perm Krai) Syodon biarmicum (187716)
Ufimian - Late/Upper Kazanian279.5 - 268.0Russian Federation (Udmurtia) Microsyodon orlovi (187322)
Ufimian - Late/Upper Kazanian279.5 - 268.0Russian Federation (Tatarstan) Microsyodon sp. (84717)
Kungurian - Roadian279.3 - 268.8USA (Texas) Driveria ponderosa (80689) Mastersonia driverensis (85170)
Kazanian272.5 - 268.0Russian Federation (Orenburg) Davletkulia gigantea (189582)
Late/Upper Kazanian - Urzhumian272.5 - 265.0Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) Biarmosuchus tagax (187646 187653) Biarmosuchus tagax, Niaftasuchus sp. (187645) Niaftasuchus zekkeli (187647) Niaftasuchus zekkeli, Alrausuchus tagax (187648)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8China (Gansu) Stenocybus acidentatus, Sinophoneus yumenensis (85431)
Guadalupian272.3 - 259.9South Africa (Western Cape) Titanosuchus ferox, Mormosaurus seeleyi (177007)
Guadalupian272.3 - 259.9Zambia (Southern) Anteosauridae indet., Tapinocephalidae indet. (171619)
Wordian268.8 - 265.1Russian Federation Dinocephalia indet. (197588 197767)
Wordian268.8 - 265.1South Africa (Western Cape) Australosyodon nyaphuli (94778) Tapinocaninus pamelae (94649)
Wordian - Capitanian268.8 - 259.9Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Pampaphoneus biccai (185751) Titanosuchidae indet., Tapinocephalidae indet., Brithopodinae indet., Anteosauroidea indet., Dinocephalia indet. (78657)
Wordian - Capitanian268.8 - 259.9Tanzania (Ruvuma) Tapinocephalidae indet. (135686)
Wordian - Wuchiapingian268.8 - 254.17Brazil (Paraná) Tapinocephalidae indet. (185753)
Urzhumian268.0 - 265.0Russian Federation (Orenburg) Cliorhizodon orenburgensis, Admetophoneus kargalensis, Mnemejosaurus jubilaei (87039) Dinocephalia indet. (189968) Syodon sp. (189974) Titanophoneus sp. (85487 179656 189973)
Urzhumian268.0 - 265.0Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) Brithopus priscus, Orthopus primaevus (187931)
Urzhumian268.0 - 265.0Russian Federation (Kirov) Syodon sp. (87040)
Urzhumian268.0 - 265.0Russian Federation (Perm) Archaeosyodon praeventor, Chthomaloporus lenocinator (87102)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian268.0 - 252.3Russian Federation (Orenburg) Deuterosaurus jubilaei (187749) Deuterosaurus sp. (187750) Deuterosaurus sp., Ulemosaurus gigas, Microurania minima (124278) Syodon biarmicum (189416) Syodon sp. (187190) Syodon sp., Doliosaurus adamanteus (187191) Syodon sp., Ulemosaurus minutus (36273) Titanophoneus sp. (187748) Ulemosaurus gigas (80875 187751)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian268.0 - 252.3Russian Federation (Tatarstan) Oudenodon rugosus (187747) Titanophoneus potens, Ulemosaurus svijagensis, Cliorhizodon efremovi, Doliosaurus yanschinovi (27931)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian268.0 - 252.3Kazakhstan (Aktyubinsk) Notosyodon gusevi (187717)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian268.0 - 252.3Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) Deuterosaurus gigas, Deuterosaurus biarmicus, Brithopus ponderus, Brithopus bashkyricus (85962)
Capitanian265.1 - 259.9South Africa (Western Cape) Anteosaurus cruentus (198715) Anteosaurus minor (198694) Anteosaurus sp., Jonkeria sp. (198711) Anteosaurus sp., Tapinocephalia indet., Struthiocephalus whaitsi (198718) Criocephalosaurus sp. (171638 171639) Delphinognathus conocephalus, Moschognathus whaitsi (179623) Dinosphageus haughtoni (198719) Eccasaurus priscus, Archaeosuchus cairncrossi (198665) Jonkeria cloetei, Moschops capensis, Titanosuchus ferox, Agnosaurus pienaari, Struthiocephaloides cavifrons (176250) Jonkeria crassus (93085) Jonkeria ingens, Phocosaurus megischion (93086) Jonkeria parva (198678) Jonkeria sp. (198700) Jonkeria sp., Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Jonkeria koupensis, Anteosaurus abeli (176314) Jonkeria sp., Titanosuchus ferox, Paranteosaurus primus, Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Parascapanodon avifontis, Anteosaurus levops (93096) Keratocephalus moloch (176244) Mormosaurus sp., Parascapanodon sp. (198710) Moschops romeri (13004) Moschops sp., Avenantia kruisvleiensis, Anteosaurus acutirostris (198675) Moschops sp., Keratocephalus sp., Struthiocephaloides sp., Anteosaurus magnificus, Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Keratocephalus moloch, Anteosaurus crassifrons (176355) Parascapanodon avifontis, Anteosaurus abeli (93097) Pelosuchus priscus (198664) Phocosaurus sp. (176356) Phocosaurus sp., Parascapanodon sp., Anteosaurus major (92646) Pnigalion oweni (176349) Riebeeckosaurus longirostris (198717) Scapanodon duplessisi (176247) Scapanodon septemfonsis (198721) Struthiocephalus kitchingi (92648) Struthiocephalus milleri, Dinosuchus vorsteri (198720) Struthiocephalus rheederi (198702) Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Anteosaurus laticeps (198723) Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Moschosaurus longicesps (31777) Tamboeria maraisi, Anteosaurus magnificus (93084) Taurops macrodon (198663) Titanognathus lotzi (198697) Titanosuchus ferox, Jonkeria haughtoni (198703) Titanosuchus ferox, Parascapanodon sp. (176248) Titanosuchus ferox, Tapinocephalus atherstonei, Parascapanodon avifontis (89650) Titanosuchus strubeni, Struthiocephalus intermedius, Titanosuchus ferox, Titanosuchus cloetei, Scapanodon duplessisi, Criocephalus vanderbyli, Anteosaurus magnificus, Jonkeria truculenta, Dinartamus vanderbyli, Titanosuchus dubius, Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Taurocephalus lerouxi, Keratocephalus moloch, Phoneosuchus angusticeps, Jonkeria koupensis, Jonkeria vanderbyli, Dinopolus atrox, Struthiocephalellus parvus (86388)
Capitanian265.1 - 259.9South Africa (Northern Cape) Anteosaurus abeli (198714) Dinocephalia indet. (198666) Jonkeria ingens (230333)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Northern Cape) Dinophoneus ingens, Jonkeria pugnax (178870)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Eastern Cape) Moschops capensis (144271)
Vyatkian259.0 - 252.3Russian Federation (Orenburg) Microurania mikia (86484)