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Mancallinae
Taxonomy
Mancallidae was named by Miller (1946).
It was reranked as the subfamily Mancallinae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985), Smith (2011) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Alcae by Miller and Howard (1949) and Wetmore (1956); to Panalcidae by Smith (2011); and to Alcidae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
It was reranked as the subfamily Mancallinae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985), Smith (2011) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Alcae by Miller and Howard (1949) and Wetmore (1956); to Panalcidae by Smith (2011); and to Alcidae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985) and Watanabe et al. (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1946 | Mancallidae Miller p. 34 |
1949 | Mancallidae Miller and Howard p. 222 |
1956 | Mancallidae Wetmore p. 80 |
1960 | Mancallinae Wetmore p. 14 |
1966 | Praemancalla lagunensis Howard |
1966 | Praemancalla Howard p. 4 figs. Figure 1 |
1966 | Praemancalla lagunensis Howard p. 4 figs. Figure 1 |
1968 | Mancallinae Howard p. 18 |
1968 | Praemancalla Howard p. 19 |
1968 | Praemancalla lagunensis Howard p. 19 |
1976 | Praemancalla Howard p. 141 |
1978 | Praemancalla Howard p. 22 |
1981 | Mancalla emlongi Olson p. 97 |
1981 | Mancallinae Olson p. 97 |
1982 | Mancallinae Howard p. 7 |
1982 | Praemancalla Howard p. 7 |
1985 | Mancallinae Olson p. 183 |
1985 | Praemancalla Olson p. 183 |
1988 | Praemancalla Carroll |
2011 | Mancallinae Smith p. 7 |
2020 | Mancallinae Watanabe et al. p. 12 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Mancallinae Miller 1946
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Invalid names: Mancalla emlongi Olson 1981 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla Howard 1966 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla lagunensis Howard 1966 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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N. A. Smith 2011 | Mancallinae is diff erentiated from all other alcids on the basis of the following
unambiguously optimized humeral apomorphies: deltopectoral crest extends past the midway point of the humeral shaft rather than restricted to the proximal half of the humeral shaft (104:2); presence of a ‘mancalline muscle scar’ extending distally from the primary pneumotricipital fossa (discussed below; 120:1); capital groove communicates with transverse ligament sulcus resulting a notched rather than rounded appearance of ventral margin of the humeral head in anterior view (136:2); humeral head rotated anterodorsally rather than in-line with humeral shaft (139:1); humeral shaft arced rather than sigmoidal (140:1); presence of fossae in tricipital sulci (150:1); anterior surface of the ventral condyle rounded rather than fl attened (153:0). Additional proposed apomorphies of Mancallinae include distal elongation (184:1) and anterior fl attening of the fi rst metacarpal (185:1). Th ese characteristics are present in Mancalla cedrosensis Howard, 1971, Miomancalla howardi sp. n., and two additional associated specimens referable to Mancallinae (SDSNH 77966 and LACM 107028). Although these two characters are also diagnostic for Alcini Storer, 1960, the clade composed of Alca, Pinguinus, Alle Link, 1806, and Uria Brisson, 1760, the degree of distal elongation and anterior fl attening in Mancalla exceeds that observed in Alcini. |