PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Mancallinae

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Alcidae

Taxonomy

Mancallidae was named by Miller (1946).

It was reranked as the subfamily Mancallinae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985), Smith (2011) and Watanabe et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Alcae by Miller and Howard (1949) and Wetmore (1956); to Panalcidae by Smith (2011); and to Alcidae by Wetmore (1960), Howard (1968), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985) and Watanabe et al. (2020).

Subtaxa

Mancalla emlongi, Miomancalla, Praemancalla, Praemancalla lagunensis

Synonyms

Mancalla emlongi was named by Olson (1981). Its type specimen is USNM 243765, a limb element (right ulna), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Tourmaline Road, south, which is in a Pliocene coastal siltstone in the San Diego Formation of California.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Smith (2011).
Praemancalla lagunensis was named by Howard (1966). Its type specimen is LACM 15288, a limb element (distal end of right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is LACM 1945, which is in a Langhian/Serravallian marine siltstone in the Monterey Formation of California.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Smith (2011).
Praemancalla was named by Howard (1966).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Smith (2011).

It was assigned to Mancallidae by Howard (1966); to Fraterculini by Howard (1978); to Mancallinae by Howard (1968), Howard (1976), Howard (1982) and Olson (1985); and to Alcidae by Carroll (1988).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1946	Mancallidae Miller p. 34
1949	Mancallidae Miller and Howard p. 222
1956	Mancallidae Wetmore p. 80
1960	Mancallinae Wetmore p. 14
1966	Praemancalla lagunensis Howard
1966	Praemancalla Howard p. 4 figs. Figure 1
1966	Praemancalla lagunensis Howard p. 4 figs. Figure 1
1968	Mancallinae Howard p. 18
1968	Praemancalla Howard p. 19
1968	Praemancalla lagunensis Howard p. 19
1976	Praemancalla Howard p. 141
1978	Praemancalla Howard p. 22
1981	Mancalla emlongi Olson p. 97 figs. view, ridge between proximal radial depression and nutrient foramen more pronounced, rims of proxima
1981	Mancallinae Olson p. 97
1982	Mancallinae Howard p. 7
1982	Praemancalla Howard p. 7
1985	Mancallinae Olson p. 183
1985	Praemancalla Olson p. 183
1988	Praemancalla Carroll
2011	Mancallinae Smith p. 7
2020	Mancallinae Watanabe et al. p. 12

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867
superfamily	Alcoidae	(Stejneger 1885)
family	Alcidae	Leach 1820
subfamily	Mancallinae	()
subfamily	Mancallinae	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Mancallinae Miller 1946

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G. †Miomancalla Smith 2011

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†Miomancalla howardi Smith 2011

†Miomancalla wetmorei Howard 1976

Invalid names: Mancalla emlongi Olson 1981 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla Howard 1966 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla lagunensis Howard 1966 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
N. A. Smith 2011	Mancallinae is diff erentiated from all other alcids on the basis of the following unambiguously optimized humeral apomorphies: deltopectoral crest extends past the midway point of the humeral shaft rather than restricted to the proximal half of the humeral shaft (104:2); presence of a ‘mancalline muscle scar’ extending distally from the primary pneumotricipital fossa (discussed below; 120:1); capital groove communicates with transverse ligament sulcus resulting a notched rather than rounded appearance of ventral margin of the humeral head in anterior view (136:2); humeral head rotated anterodorsally rather than in-line with humeral shaft (139:1); humeral shaft arced rather than sigmoidal (140:1); presence of fossae in tricipital sulci (150:1); anterior surface of the ventral condyle rounded rather than fl attened (153:0). Additional proposed apomorphies of Mancallinae include distal elongation (184:1) and anterior fl attening of the fi rst metacarpal (185:1). Th ese characteristics are present in Mancalla cedrosensis Howard, 1971, Miomancalla howardi sp. n., and two additional associated specimens referable to Mancallinae (SDSNH 77966 and LACM 107028). Although these two characters are also diagnostic for Alcini Storer, 1960, the clade composed of Alca, Pinguinus, Alle Link, 1806, and Uria Brisson, 1760, the degree of distal elongation and anterior fl attening in Mancalla exceeds that observed in Alcini.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Piacenzian or 15.97000 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (22 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	USA (California)	Praemancalla lagunensis (46069 121152)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (California)	Praemancalla sp. (52184) Praemancalla sp., Praemancalla wetmorei (50069) Praemancalla wetmorei (13300)
Tortonian - Piacenzian	11.62 - 2.588	USA (California)	Mancallinae indet. (188305)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (California)	Miomancalla howardi (19421 59067)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	USA (California)	Mancalla emlongi (120820)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (California)	Mancalla emlongi (177990 177992 177993 177994 177995 177997 178005 178006 178009 178010 178019 178020 178021)