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Pinguinus impennis (Great auk)

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Alcidae

Taxonomy
Alca impennis was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is the type species of Pinguinus.

It was recombined as Plautus impennis by Hay (1902) and Hay (1902); it was recombined as Pinguinus impennis by Hay (1930), Weigel (1958), Jordan and Olson (1982), Mourer-Chauvire (1999), Smith (2011), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Kilmer and Steadman (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Alca impennis Linnaeus
1902Plautus impennis Hay p. 255
1930Pinguinus impennis Hay p. 343
1933Alca impennis Lambrecht p. 551
1958Pinguinus impennis Weigel p. 215
1967Alca impennis Greenway p. 271
1974Alca impennis Violani p. 49
1982Pinguinus impennis Jordan and Olson
1999Pinguinus impennis Mourer-Chauvire p. 273
2002Alca impennis Mlikovsky p. 139
2011Pinguinus impennis Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2014Pinguinus impennis del Hoyo et al.
2016Pinguinus impennis Kilmer and Steadman p. 24 figs. 20, 21

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
superfamilyAlcoidae(Stejneger 1885)
familyAlcidaeLeach 1820
subfamilyAlcinaeLeach 1820
genusPinguinusBonnaterre 1790
speciesimpennis()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 [Great auk]
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 2.58800 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (125 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy Pinguinus impennis (71473)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Scotland) Pinguinus impennis (125440)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Pinguinus impennis (122802)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy Pinguinus impennis (122806)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117France Pinguinus impennis (122312)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Massachusetts) Alca impennis (88532)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Poland Pinguinus impennis (122810)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Portugal (Madeira Island Group) Pinguinus impennis (122815)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Portugal Pinguinus impennis (122307)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Bermuda Pinguinus impennis (122305)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Pinguinus impennis (195048 195049)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Pinguinus impennis (57706 73485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Gibraltar Pinguinus impennis (90037 122805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy Pinguinus impennis (122310 122311 197957)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France Pinguinus impennis (122308)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal Pinguinus impennis (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Norway Pinguinus impennis (73689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Pinguinus impennis (122309)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (England) Alca impennis (122695 122696 122699)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Alca impennis (122697)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Pinguinus impennis (122819 122826)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Massachusetts) Alca impennis (122438 122440 122441 122442 122443 122444)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sweden Alca impennis (122639 122640 122641)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Alca impennis (122684 122685 122686) Pinguinus impennis (122249 122250 122251 122252 122253 122254 122255 122256 122257 122258 122259 122260 122261 122262 122263 122264 122265 122266 122267 122268)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Morocco Pinguinus impennis (122304)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (New Brunswick) Alca impennis (122451)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Netherlands Pinguinus impennis (122115)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Norway Alca impennis (122665 122666 122667 122668 122669 122671 122672 122674 122675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Iceland Alca impennis (122621 122677 122678 122679 122681) Pinguinus impennis (122269)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom Pinguinus impennis (122100 122101 122102 122104 122105 122107 122110 122111 122112 122113 122114)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Alca impennis (122439 122445 122446 122447 122448 122449 122450 122625 122626 176524)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Pinguinus impennis (122076 122303) Plautus impennis (122077)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Faroe Islands Alca impennis (122687 122688 122689)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Alca impennis (122690 122691 122692 122693 122694)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Ireland Alca impennis (122698)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Denmark Alca impennis (122630 122631 122632 122633 122634 122635 122636 122637 122638)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Alca impennis (122452 122453) Pinguinus impennis (122099 122270)