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Carolinites

Trilobita - Proetida - Telephinidae

Taxonomy
Carolinites was named by Kobayashi (1940) [Sepkoski's age data: O Aren-l O Llvi-u Sepkoski's reference number: 795].

It was assigned to Proetida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Telephinidae by Fortey (1975), Zhou et al. (1998), Fortey and Droser (1999), Jell and Adrain (2002), Fortey and Bruton (2013) and Zhou and Zhou (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1940Carolinites Kobayashi
1950Dimastocephalus Stubblefield
1957Keidelia Harrington and Leanza
1975Carolinites Fortey p. 94
1975Tafnaspis Leanza and Baldis
1998Carolinites Zhou et al. p. 720
1999Carolinites Fortey and Droser p. 187
2002Carolinites Jell and Adrain p. 355
2002Carolinites Sepkoski
2013Carolinites Fortey and Bruton
2019Carolinites Zhou and Zhou p. 158

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
RankNameAuthor
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumArtiopoda(Hou and Bergstrom)
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderProetidaFortey and Owens 1975
familyTelephinidaeMarek 1952
genusCarolinitesKobayashi 1940

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Carolinites Kobayashi 1940
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†Carolinites ekphymosus Fortey 1975
†Carolinites indentus Ross and Barnes 1967
†Carolinites killaryensis Stubblefield 1950
†Carolinites macrophthalma Harrington and Leanza 1957
†Carolinites rugosus Fortey 1975
†Carolinites sibiricus Chugaeva 1964
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Invalid names: Carolinites angustagena Ross and Barnes 1967 [synonym]
†Carolinites tasmaniensis Etheridge 1919
hide
Invalid names: Carolinites bulbosa Kobayashi 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dimastocephalus Stubblefield 1950 [synonym], Keidelia Harrington and Leanza 1957 [synonym], Tafnaspis Leanza and Baldis 1975 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10g
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10g
Adult height: 0.1 to < 1.0g
Spines: noneg
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: actively mobileg
Life habit: nektonicg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: well-developedf
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Harrington et al. (1959).g
Created: 2009-06-09 13:01:31
Modified: 2009-09-21 22:14:59
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Harrington et al. 1959

Age range: base of the Dawan to the top of the Arenig or 478.60000 to 466.00000 Ma

Collections (140 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ibexian487.5 - 470.0USA (New York) C. tasmaniensis (64618)
Ibexian487.5 - 470.0Norway (Spitsbergen) C. genacinaca (106470 106471 106472 106475)
Tremadoc486.5 - 477.7Canada (Alberta) C. genacinaca (10900 10903 10905) C. tasmaniensis (10947 10952)
Early/Lower Ordovician485.4 - 470.0USA (Utah) C. genacinaca (77844 77845)
Tremadocian - Floian485.4 - 470.0Iran C. ichangensis (66868)
Canadian - Arenigian485.4 - 468.1Canada (Québec) C. sp. (25282)
Canadian485.4 - 457.3Canada (Northwest Territories) C. sp. (294)
Cassinian482.3 - 470.0United Kingdom (Scotland) C. genacinaca (75589)
Cassinian482.3 - 470.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) C. genacinaca (103540)
Tulean480.8 - 474.9USA (Utah) C. sp. A (104082)
Tulean480.8 - 474.9Norway (Spitsbergen) C. sp. (189836 189837)
Tulean - Blackhillsian480.8 - 470.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) C. genacinaca (195776 196504) C. sp. (196381)
Arenigian478.6 - 468.1USA (Utah) C. sp. (64496 64502 64555 64558)
Arenigian478.6 - 468.1USA (Nevada) C. sp. (64522)
Arenigian478.6 - 468.1China (Shaanxi) C. genacinaca (116180 116181 116191 116195)
Arenigian478.6 - 468.1China (Hubei) C. genacinaca (116201)
Dawan478.6 - 468.1China (AnHui) C. sp. (7862)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (Sichuan) C. sp. (7270)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (Hubei) C. sp. (4709 4714 4715)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Norway (Spitsbergen) C. sp. (76644 76645 76646 76649)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) C. sp. (78093)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (AnHui) C. sp. (7841 7843 7844 7845)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (Xinjiang) C. ichangensis (170837 170838)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Australia (Queensland) C. bulbosus (197362) C. ekphymosus (157054 157061 157062) C. genacinaca (157053)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Argentina C. genacinaca (8876 210684) C. sp. (8721 8777 8783 8872) Tafnaspis sp. (9022)
Arenigian - Llanvirn478.6 - 458.4Canada (Northwest Territories) C. sp. (25283)
Floian477.7 - 470.0China (Hubei) C. genacinaca (203695 221196 221198 221199 221200 221201)
Floian477.7 - 470.0Russian Federation (Siberia) C. sp. (205383)
Bendigonian474.9 - 473.1Australia (Tasmania) C. genacinaca (210263)
Blackhillsian474.9 - 470.0USA (Nevada) C. sp. (77181 104548 104553)
Blackhillsian474.9 - 470.0USA (California) C. genacinaca (40732 104636)
Blackhillsian474.9 - 470.0Canada (Alberta) C. genacinaca (10899)
Blackhillsian474.9 - 470.0USA (Utah) C. genacinaca (63839 63846 63926 63929 103831 103917 104126 104127 104128 104130 104131 104262) C. killaryensis (69261) C. sp. (295 105779)
Billingen474.8 - 471.1Norway (Spitsbergen) C. genacinaca (106473)
Billingen474.8 - 471.1Russian Federation C. sp. (169218)
Chewtonian473.1 - 470.0Australia (Tasmania) C. bulbosa, C. tasmaniensis (79013)
Rangerian470.0 - 470.3USA (Nevada) C. angustagena (104655) C. genacinaca (80068) C. killaryensis (80059) C. sp. (297 104286 104289 104290) C. sp., C. angustagena (104653)
Rangerian470.0 - 470.3USA (Utah) C. ekphymosus (37452 37456 37466)
Rangerian470.0 - 470.3USA (California) C. angustagena (104638)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3China (Hubei) C. genacinaca (116200) C. sp. (221223)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3USA (California) C. angustagena (104639)
Dapingian470.0 - 467.3USA (Utah) C. killaryensis (104226)
Chazyan470.0 - 457.3Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) C. sp. 2 (104861)
Rangerian - Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3USA (California) C. angustagena (104640) C. sp. (104641)
Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) C. sp. (104864)
Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3Norway (Spitsbergen) C. ekphymosus (106476 106477) C. ekphymosus, C. killaryensis (106478) C. rugosus, C. sibiricus, C. killaryensis (106480)
Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3USA (Oklahoma) C. angustagena (105647)
Whiterockian470.0 - 457.3USA (Nevada) C. angustagena (80065) C. ekphymosus (37484) C. genacinaca (80061) C. killaryensis (14232) C. sp. (80062 104285 104451 104457)
Early/Lower Llanvirn468.0 - 461.1Norway C. sp. (3180)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4Canada (Northwest Territories) C. sp. (25753)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4Argentina (San Juan) Keidelia macrophthalma (116116)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Russian Federation (Gorny Altai) C. sp. (186015 194972)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Australia (Northern Territory) C. genacinaca (210678 210679)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Australia (Queensland) C. sp. (77521)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Russian Federation (Siberia) C. sp. (205568 206165 206166) C. tardus (205561)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Argentina (San Juan) C. latus, C. pardensis (195044)