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Parazhelestes robustus

Mammalia - Zhelestidae

Taxonomy
Parazhelestes robustus was named by Nessov (1993). Its type specimen is CCMGE 70/12455, a maxilla (left maxilla with two-rooted P4, three-rooted P5, worn M1-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is CBI-14, Dzharakuduk II, which is in a Turonian/Turonian fluvial sandstone/conglomerate in the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan.

Synonyms
  • Kumsuperus avus was named by Nessov (1984). Its type specimen is CCMGE 12/11758, a mandible (left dentary fragment with m1-3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is CBI-4b, Dzharakuduk II, which is in a Turonian/Turonian terrestrial horizon in the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan.

    It was considered a nomen dubium by Nessov et al. (1998); it was synonymized subjectively with Parazhelestes robustus by Archibald and Averianov (2005).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1984Kumsuperus avus Nessov
1993Parazhelestes robustus Nessov
1994Kumsuperus avus Nessov et al. pp. 59-60 figs. pl. 2, fig. 1
2004Parazhelestes robustus Kielan-Jaworowska et al. pp. 495, 510-511
2005Parazhelestes robustus Archibald and Averianov
2012Parazhelestes robustus Archibald and Averianov pp. 387-388 figs. 18-20

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
familyZhelestidaeNessov 1990
genusParazhelestesNessov 1993
speciesrobustusNessov 1993

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Parazhelestes robustus Nessov 1993
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Invalid names: Kumsuperus avus Nessov 1984 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. D. Archibald and A. Averianov 2012Differs from P. mynbulakensis in lower teeth averaging 13% larger (range equals 4 to 21%) and upper teeth averaging 10% larger (range
equals 7 to 13%) and M3 narrower than M2 [37(1)].
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: Late/Upper Turonian or 93.50000 to 89.30000 Ma

Collections (3 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Kumsuperus avus (118246) Parazhelestes robustus (type locality: 58168)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian93.5 - 86.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Parazhelestes robustus (123485)