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Billingsella tonkiniana

Strophomenata - Billingsellida - Billingsellidae

Taxonomy
Billingsella tonkiniana was named by Mansuy (1915). It is a 3D body fossil.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Billingsella tonkiniana Mansuy p. 7 figs. pl. I f. 2a-q
2011Billingsella tonkiniana Hughes et al. pp. 18 - 20 fig. 13a–k

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
Lophophorata
PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
RankNameAuthor
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classStrophomenataWilliams et al 1996
orderBillingsellida
suborderBillingsellidina
superfamilyBillingselloidea
familyBillingsellidae
genusBillingsella
speciestonkiniana

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Billingsella tonkiniana Mansuy 1915
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
N. C. Hughes et al. 2011Exterior. Unequal, usually dorsibiconvex valves of transverse to subquadrate outline with maximum width commonly at or just anterior to hingeline; cardinal extremities rectangular or slightly obtuse. Anterior commissure slightly to markedly sulcate. Ventral valve feebly convex with low, flat median fold and planar to slightly concave flanks. Ventral interarea high, flat with strongly convex pseudodeltidium, occupying about two-thirds of deltidium and with slight trace of minute, apical pedicle foramen. Dorsal valve convex with transverse outline; marked sulcus with steep sides arising at or near umbo, deepening and widening anteriorly; commonly flanked by two strong ribs and with curved base. Dorsal interarea relatively short, flat; chilidium relatively small, convex occupying the apical part of the notothyrium. Ornament of strong costae and costellae, with sharp profiles and flat interspaces; arising by both branching and intercalation; concentric growth lines variably developed, accentuated at and near anterior commissure; up to ten ribs developed per 5 mm at about 5 mm from dorsal umbo, with commonly five in the sulcus.

Ventral interior. Muscle scars not clearly discernible. Teeth, relatively large and robust, forming knoblike, divergent projections extending outwards from the anterolateral margins of the delthyrium.

Dorsal interior. Well-developed, high notothyrial platform with simple, bladelike cardinal process flanked by pair of suboval depressions, marking the site of the diductor scars; platformextended anteriorly as ridge, that broadens and fades within the posterior third of the valve length. Notothyrial platform flanked by flat-lying socket ridges that extend laterally, subparallel to hingeline, thickening slightly, distally. Posterior pair of adductor scars, oval, faintly impressed lateral to median ridge. Vascular media impressed and diverge anteriorly.