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Phocinae (seal)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocidae

Taxonomy
Phocinae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was assigned to Phocidae by Gill (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Weber (1928), Hay (1930), Friant (1947), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Burns and Fay (1970), Ginsburg and Janvier (1971), Tedford (1976), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Muizon (1981), Thomas et al. (1982), Muizon (1982), Antoniuk and Koretsky (1984), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Riedman (1990), Koretsky (1991), Koretsky and Ray (1994), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Ginsburg and Janvier (1999), Koretsky (2001), Cozzuol (2001), Berta (2002), Koretsky and Holec (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky (2003), Davis et al. (2004), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Koretsky and Barnes (2008), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Berta (2009), Fulton and Strobeck (2010), Koretsky et al. (2012), Koretsky et al. (2014), Koretsky et al. (2015), Berta (2017), Dewaele et al. (2017), Dewaele et al. (2017), Dewaele et al. (2018), Berta (2018), Berta et al. (2018), Albright et al. (2019), Kienle and Berta (2019), Gol'din et al. (2020), Hafed et al. (2021), Koretsky and Rahmat (2021), Vanishvili (2024) and Hafed et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Phocinae Gray p. 302
1866Phocinae Gill p. 5
1880Phocinae Allen p. 557
1898Phocinae Trouessart p. 381
1904Phocinae Trouessart p. 284
1912Phocinae Turner p. 178
1928Phocinae Weber p. 351
1930Phocinae Hay p. 562
1947Phocinae Friant p. 6
1963Phocinae Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1970Phocinae Burns and Fay p. 380
1971Phocinae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1976Phocinae Tedford p. 372
1980Phocinae Kurten and Anderson p. 204
1981Phocinae Muizon p. 135
1982Phocinae Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982Phocinae Thomas et al. p. 1
1984Phocinae Antoniuk and Koretsky p. 27
1986Phocinae Kovacs and Lavigne p. 1
1990Phocinae Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1991Phocinae Koretsky p. 41A
1994Phocinae Koretsky and Ray p. 18
1997Phocinae McKenna and Bell p. 257
1998Phocinae Rice
1999Phocinae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
2001Phocinae Cozzuol p. 415
2001Phocinae Koretsky p. 34
2002Phocinae Berta p. 923
2002Phocinae Koretsky and Holec p. 175 figs. Fig. 9
2003Phocinae Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003Phocinae Koretsky p. 64
2004Phocinae Davis et al. p. 365
2006Phocinae Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2008Phocinae Koretsky and Barnes p. 545
2008Phocinae Koretsky and Ray p. 84
2009Phocinae Berta p. 863
2010Phocinae Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2012Phocinae Koretsky et al. p. 5
2012Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. p. 7 figs. Figures 2-4; Table 1
2014Phocinae Koretsky et al. p. 421
2015Phocinae Koretsky et al. p. 58
2017Phocinae Berta p. 157
2017Phocinae Dewaele et al. p. 13
2017Phocinae Dewaele et al. p. 10
2018Phocinae Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018Phocinae Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018Phocinae Dewaele et al. p. 14
2019Phocinae Albright et al. p. 178
2019Phocinae Kienle and Berta
2020Phocinae Gol'din et al. p. 8
2021Phocinae Hafed et al.
2021Phocinae Koretsky and Rahmat p. 144
2024Phocinae Hafed et al.
2024Phocinae Vanishvili p. 167

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
RankNameAuthor
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—PanpinnipediaWolsan et al. 2020
—Pinnipedimorpha
—Pinnipedia()
superfamilyPhocoideaSmirnov 1908
familyPhocidae()
subfamilyPhocinae
subfamilyPhocinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Phocinae Gray 1821 [seal]
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G. †Batavipusa Koretsky and Peters 2008
+
†Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky and Peters 2008
G. †Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray 1994
+
†Cryptophoca maeotica Nordmann 1860
+
Invalid names: Monotherium maeotica Koretsky 2001 [synonym]
G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]
+
Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]
+
Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]
Tr. Cystophorini Gray 1866
+
G. †Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
+
†Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko 2022
G. Erignathus Gill 1866 [bearded seal]
+
Erignathus barbatus Erxleben 1777 [bearded seal]
+
Invalid names: Phoca nautica Pallas 1811 [synonym]
G. †Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
+
†Frisiphoca aberratum Vanden Broeck 1874
†Frisiphoca affine Vanden Broeck 1874
G. †Gryphoca Van Beneden 1876
+
†Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Gryphoca similis Van Beneden 1876
G. Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 [grey seal]
+
Subg. Halichoerus (Halichoerus) Trouessart 1898
Halichoerus grypus Fabricius 1791 [grey seal]
G. Histriophoca Gill 1873 [ribbon seal]
+
†Histriophoca alekseevi Koretsky 2001
Histriophoca fasciata Zimmermann 1783 [ribbon seal]
+
Invalid names: Phoca equestris Pallas 1831 [synonym]
G. †Kawas Cozzuol 2001
+
†Kawas benegasorum Cozzuol 2001
G. †Leptophoca True 1906
+
†Leptophoca proxima Van Beneden 1876
+
Invalid names: Leptophoca lenis True 1906 [synonym]
G. †Monachopsis Kretzoi 1941
+
†Monachopsis pontica Eichwald 1850
G. †Nanophoca Dewaele et al. 2017
+
†Nanophoca vitulinoides Van Beneden 1876
G. †Necromites Bogachev 1940
+
†Necromites nestoris Bogachev 1940
G. Pagophilus Gray 1844 [harp seal]
+
Pagophilus groenlandica Erxleben 1777 [harp seal]
G. Phoca Linnaeus 1758 [seal]
+
Subg. Phoca (Phoca) Trouessart 1898
Phoca caspica Nilsson 1837
Phoca hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
+
Invalid names: Phoca annellata Nillson 1820 [synonym]
Phoca largha Pallas 1811
+
Invalid names: Phoca insularis Belkin 1964 [synonym]
†Phoca moori Newton 1890
Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758 [harbor seal]
+
Invalid names: Halichoerus antarcticus Peale 1848 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arctias Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Callocephalus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Caspiopusa Dybowski 1929 [synonym], Halicyon Gray 1864 [synonym], Haliphilus Gray 1866 [synonym], Pagomys Gray 1860 [synonym], Pagophoca Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
G. †Phocanella Van Beneden 1876
+
†Phocanella pumila Van Beneden 1876
+
Invalid names: Phocanella minor Van Beneden 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant 1944 [nomen dubium], Phocanella couffoni Friant 1947 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Phocini Gray 1821
+
Subtr. Phocina Gray 1825
+
G. †Planopusa Koretsky and Rahmat 2021
+
†Planopusa semenovi Koretsky and Rahmat 2021
Invalid names: Histriophocina Koretsky 2001 [empty], Phocinina Koretsky 2001 [empty]
G. †Platyphoca Van Beneden 1876
+
†Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden 1876
G. †Praepusa Kretzoi 1941
+
†Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. 2015
†Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky 2003
†Praepusa pannonica Kretzoi 1941
†Praepusa procaspica Gadzhiev 1961
†Praepusa tarchankutica Antoniuk and Koretsky 1984
†Praepusa vindobonensis Toula 1897
+
Invalid names: Phoca holitschensis Bruhl 1860 [synonym], Phoca viennensis Blainville 1864 [synonym], Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville 1842 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Prophoca Van Beneden 1876
+
†Prophoca rousseaui Van Beneden 1876
G. Pusa Scopoli 1777 [Arctic seal]
+
Pusa caspica Nilsson 1837
Pusa hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
+
Pusa hispida saimensis Nordquist 1900
Invalid names: Phoca (Phoca) foetida Fabricius 1776 [synonym]
Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788
G. †Sarmatonectes Koretsky 2001
+
†Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky 2001
Invalid names: Erignathini Chapski 1955 [empty], Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available