PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Bidentalia

Anomodontia

Taxonomy

Bidentalia was named by Owen (1876). It is not extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Bidentalia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011) and Fröbisch and Reisz (2011).

It was assigned to Anomodontia by Owen (1876); to Dicynodontia by Kammerer et al. (2011); and to Therochelonia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009) and Fröbisch and Reisz (2011).

Subtaxa

Dicynodon rectidens, Rastodon

Synonyms

Dicynodon rectidens was named by Owen (1876). Its type specimen is NHMUK 47057, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Fort Beaufort, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial lime mudstone in South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Daptocephalus leoniceps by Broom (1932); it was synonymized subjectively with Dicynodon lacerticeps by Brink (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Bidentalia Owen
1876	Dicynodon rectidens Owen
2009	Bidentalia Kammerer and Angielczyk
2011	Bidentalia Fröbisch and Reisz
2011	Bidentalia Kammerer et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
order	Anomodontia	Owen 1859
order	Dicynodontia	()
—	Bidentalia	()
—	Bidentalia	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Bidentalia Owen 1876

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G. †Rastodon Boos et al. 2016

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†Rastodon procurvidens Boos et al. 2016

Invalid names: Dicynodon rectidens Owen 1876 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. Owen 1876	A long ever-groeing tusk in each maxillary; premaxillaries connate, forming with the lower jaw a beack-shaped mouth, probably sheathed with horn. Sacrum of more than two vertebrae amphicoelian; limbs ambulatory.
C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009	Autapomorphies of Bidentalia recognized in common by Angielczyk (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008) are: (1) paired anterior palatal ridges that do not converge posteriorly present on the premaxilla; (2) postorbitals slope ventrolaterally and overlap parietals nearly completely.