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Ginglymodi

Actinopteri

Taxonomy
Ginglymodi was named by Cope (1871). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Ginglymodi by Hay (1902) and Jordan (1963); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ginglymodi by Cavin and Brito (2001), Xu and Wu (2012), López-Arbarello (2012), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019) and Tong et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Actinopterygia by Cope (1887); to Holostei by Hay (1902) and Jordan (1963); to Actinopterygii by Cavin and Brito (2001); to Neopterygii by López-Arbarello (2012); to Holostei by Xu and Wu (2012); to Neopterygii by Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); to Amiiformes by Tong et al. (2019); and to Holostei by Nelson et al. (2016) and Ebersole et al. (2019).

Subtaxa
Dapediiformes, Kyphosichthyiformes, Lepisosteiformes, Macrosemiiformes, Neosemionotus, Semionotiformes
Sister taxa
Dapediiformes, Kyphosichthyiformes, Lepisosteiformes, Macrosemiiformes, Semionotiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1871Ginglymodi Cope
1887Ginglymodi Cope p. 1018
1902Ginglymodi Hay p. 374
1963Ginglymodi Jordan p. 615
2001Ginglymodi Cavin and Brito p. 662
2012Ginglymodi López-Arbarello
2012Ginglymodi Xu and Wu p. 112
2016Ginglymodi Nelson et al. p. 122
2018Ginglymodi Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163
2019Ginglymodi Ebersole et al. p. 154
2019Ginglymodi Tong et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
—Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
infraclassHolostei(Müller 1846)
—Ginglymodi(Cope 1871)
—Ginglymodi(Cope 1871)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Ginglymodi Cope 1871
show all | hide all
Or. †Kyphosichthyiformes Sun and Ni 2017
+
Fm. †Kyphosichthyidae Sun and Ni 2017
+
G. †Fuyuanichthys Xu et al. 2018
+
†Fuyuanichthys wangi Xu et al. 2018
G. †Kyphosichthys Xu and Wu 2012
+
†Kyphosichthys grandei Xu and Wu 2012
G. †Luoxiongichthys Wen et al. 2012
+
†Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis Wen et al. 2012
Fm. †Lashanichthyidae Xu et al. 2019
+
G. †Lashanichthys Xu et al. 2019
+
†Lashanichthys sui López-Arbarello et al. 2011
†Lashanichthys yangjuanensis Chen et al. 2014
G. †Yudaiichthys Xu et al. 2019
+
†Yudaiichthys eximius Xu et al. 2019
Or. Lepisosteiformes Hay 1929 [gar]
+
G. †Isanichthys Cavin and Suteethorn 2006
+
†Isanichthys palustris Cavin and Suteethorn 2006
G. †Lanxangichthys Cavin et al. 2019
+
†Lanxangichthys alticephalus Cavin et al. 2019
G. †Lepidotes Agassiz 1832
+
†Lepidotes dashanpuensis Peng et al. 2005
†Lepidotes elvensis de Blainville 1818
†Lepidotes gigas Agassiz 1832
†Lepidotes gloriae Thies 1989
†Lepidotes lennieri Sauvage 1893
†Lepidotes macropterus Yabumoto 1994
†Lepidotes microrhis Wenz 2003
†Lepidotes pankowskii Forey et al. 2011
†Lepidotes semiserratus Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Lepidotus latissimus Agassiz 1833 [synonym], Lepidotus umbonatus Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Lepidotes tanyrhis Wenz 2003
†Lepidotes toombsi Jain and Robinson 1963
†Lepidotes walcotti Eastman 1917
†Lepidotes wenzae Brito and Gallo 2003
†Lepidotus affinis Fricke 1875
†Lepidotus fimbriatus Agassiz 1834
†Lepidotus fittoni Agassiz 1835
†Lepidotus frondosus Agassiz 1832
†Lepidotus gallineki Michael 1863
†Lepidotus latifrons Woodward 1893
†Lepidotus leedsi Woodward 1895
†Lepidotus lusitanicus Sauvage 1898
†Lepidotus macrocheirus Egerton 1845
†Lepidotus maximiliani Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus minor Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus oblongus Agassiz 1834
†Lepidotus occidentalis Leidy 1856
†Lepidotus palliatus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus parvulus Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus piauhyensis Roxo and Löfgren 1936
†Lepidotus pustulatus Woodward 1895
†Lepidotus radiatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus rugosus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus souzai Woodward 1908
†Lepidotus speciosus Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus striatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus subdenticulatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus subovatus Münster 1842
†Lepidotus subundatus Münster 1846
†Lepidotus tuberculatus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus undatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus unguiculatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus virleti Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Plesiodus Wagner 1863 [synonym], Prolepidotus Michael 1893 [synonym], Scrobodus Munster [synonym]
+
G. †Araripelepidotes Santos 1990
+
†Araripelepidotes temnurus Agassiz 1841
+
Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825
+
G. Atractosteus Rafinesque 1820
G. Lepidosteus Agassiz 1843
Subfm. Lepisosteinae Cuvier 1825
G. Lepisosteus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Clastes Cope 1872 [synonym], Pneumatosteus Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Masillosteus Micklich and Klappert 2001
G. †Nhanulepisosteus Brito et al. 2017
G. †Oniichthys Cavin and Brito 2001
Fm. †Obaichthyidae Grande 2010
+
G. †Dentilepisosteus Grande 2010
G. †Obaichthys Wenz and Brito 1992
G. †Pliodetes Wenz 1999
+
†Pliodetes nigeriensis Wenz 1999
G. †Scheenstia López-Arbarello and Sfercoa 2009
+
†Scheenstia decoratus Wagner 1863
†Scheenstia degenhardti Branco 1885
†Scheenstia hauchecornei Branco 1885
†Scheenstia laevis Agassiz 1837
†Scheenstia mantelli Agassiz 1833
†Scheenstia maximus Wagner 1863
†Scheenstia zappi López-Arbarello and Sfercoa 2009
G. †Sheenstia López-Arbarello and Sferco 2011
+
G. †Enchelyolepis Woodward 1918
G. †Uarbryichthys Wade 1941
G. †Voelklichthys Arratia and Schultze 2012
+
†Voelklichthys comitatus Arratia and Schultze 2012
G. †Neosemionotus Bocchino 1973
+
†Neosemionotus puntanus López-Arbarello and Codorniú 2007
Or. †Semionotiformes Arambourg and Bertin 1958
+
G. †Alleiolepis Heller 1953
G. †Allelepidotus Fric 1906
G. †Aphelolepis Heller 1953
Fm. †Callipurbeckiidae López-Arbarello 2012
+
G. †Callipurbeckia López-Arbarello 2012
+
†Callipurbeckia minor Agassiz 1833
†Callipurbeckia notopterus Agassiz 1835
†Callipurbeckia tendaguruensis Arratia and Schultze 1999
G. †Macrosemimimus Schroder et al. 2012
G. †Occitanichthys Lopez-Arbarello and Wencker 2016
+
†Occitanichthys canjuersensis Lopez-Arbarello and Wencker 2016
G. †Paralepidotus Stolley 1919
+
†Paralepidotus ornatus Agassiz 1832
+
Invalid names: Colobodus elongatus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1905 [synonym], Heterolepidotus parvulus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1905 [synonym], Lepidotus acutirostris Costa 1853 [synonym], Lepidotus spinifer Bellotti 1857 [synonym], Lepidotus triumplinorum de Zigno 1891 [synonym], Semionotus curtulus Costa 1853 [synonym]
G. †Semiolepis Lombardo and Tintori 2008
+
†Semiolepis brembanus Lombardo and Tintori 2008
G. †Tlayuamichin López-Arbarello and Alvarado-Ortega 2011
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†Tlayuamichin itztli López-Arbarello and Alvarado-Ortega 2011
G. †Corunegenys Wade 1942
G. †Enigmatichthys Wade 1935
G. †Heterostrophus Wagner 1859
G. †Lophionotus Gibson 2013
+
†Lophionotus chinleana Gibson 2013
†Lophionotus kanabensis Gibson 2013
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Invalid names: Semionotus kanabensis Schaeffer and Dunkle 1950 [objective synonym]
†Lophionotus sanjuanensis Gibson 2013
Fm. †Macrosemiidae Thiollière 1858
+
G. †Agoultichthys Murray and Wilson 2009
+
†Agoultichthys chattertoni Murray and Wilson 2009
G. †Eosemionotus Stolley 1919
+
†Eosemionotus ceresiensis Bürgin 2004
†Eosemionotus diskosomus López-Arbarello et al. 2019
†Eosemionotus minutus López-Arbarello et al. 2019
†Eosemionotus sceltrichensis López-Arbarello et al. 2019
†Eosemionotus vogeli Fritsch 1906
G. †Histionotus Egerton 1854
+
†Histionotus angularis Egerton 1854
†Histionotus falsani Thiollière 1873
†Histionotus oberndorferi Wagner 1863
G. †Legnonotus Egerton 1854
+
†Legnonotus cothamensis Egerton 1854
†Legnonotus krambergeri Bartram 1977
†Legnonotus obtusus Tintori and Renesto 1983
G. †Macrosemiocotzus González-Rodríguez et al. 2004
+
†Macrosemiocotzus americanus González-Rodríguez et al. 2004
G. †Macrosemius Agassiz 1834
+
†Macrosemius andrewsi Woodward 1895
†Macrosemius dumortieri Thiollière 1873
†Macrosemius fourneti Thiollière 1854
†Macrosemius pectoralis Sauvage 1883
†Macrosemius rostratus Agassiz 1834
G. †Notagogus Agassiz 1833
+
†Notagogus denticulatus Agassiz 1834
†Notagogus latior Agassiz 1833
†Notagogus novomundi González-Rodríguez and Reynoso 2004
†Notagogus pentlandi Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Blenniomoeus brevicauda Costa 1853 [synonym], Blenniomoeus longicauda Costa 1850 [synonym], Blenniomoeus maior Costa 1856 [synonym], Lepidotus exiguus Costa 1857 [synonym], Notagogus crassicauda Costa 1864 [synonym], Notagogus erythrolepis Costa 1853 [synonym], Notagogus gracilis Costa 1864 [synonym], Notagogus minor Costa 1853 [synonym]
†Notagogus zieteni Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Blenniomoeus Costa 1850 [synonym], Calignathus Costa 1856 [synonym], Pachyodon Costa 1856 [synonym]
G. †Propterus Agassiz 1834
+
†Propterus microstomus Agassiz 1834
†Propterus scacchii Costa 1853
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Invalid names: Rhynchoncodes macrocephalus Costa 1854 [synonym]
†Propterus serratus Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Rhynchoncodes Costa 1850 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eosemionotidae Bürgin et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Orthurus Kner 1866
+
†Orthurus sturii Kner 1866
G. †Pericentrophorus Jorg 1969
+
G. †Plesiolepidotus Schlosser 1923
G. †Prionopleurus Fischer de Waldheim 1852
Fm. †Semionotidae Woodward 1890
+
G. †Acentrophorus Traquair 1877
+
†Acentrophorus altus Kirkby 1864
†Acentrophorus chicopensis Newberry 1888
†Acentrophorus glaphyrus Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Acentrophorus abbsii Kirkby 1862 [synonym]
†Acentrophorus robustus Brandt 2021
†Acentrophorus varians Kirkby 1862
G. †Aetheolepis Woodward 1895
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†Aetheolepis mirabilis Woodward 1895
G. †Aphnelepis Woodward 1895
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†Aphnelepis australis Woodward 1895
G. †Archaeolepidotus Accordi 1956
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G. †Hemicalypterus Schaeffer 1967
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†Hemicalypterus weiri Schaeffer 1967
G. †Pristisomus Woodward 1890
+
†Pristisomus crassus Woodward 1890
†Pristisomus gracilis Woodward 1890
†Pristisomus latus Woodward 1890
G. †Sargodon Plieninger 1847
+
†Sargodon cuneus Henry 1876
†Sargodon incisivus Henry 1876
†Sargodon tomicus Plieninger 1847
G. †Semionotus Agassiz 1832
+
†Palaeoniscus agassizii Redfield 1841
†Semionotus agassizii Redfield 1841
+
Invalid names: Semionotus marshii Newberry 1888 [synonym]
†Semionotus australis Woodward 1890
†Semionotus beardmori Smith 1900
†Semionotus bergeri Agassiz 1833
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Invalid names: Palaeoniscum arenaceum Berger 1832 [synonym], Semionotus elongatus Fraas 1861 [objective synonym], Semionotus esox Berger 1843 [synonym], Semionotus spixi Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Semionotus braunii Newberry 1888
†Semionotus capensis Woodward 1888
†Semionotus elegans Newberry 1888
+
Invalid names: Semionotus lenticularis Newberry 1888 [synonym], Semionotus modestus Newberry 1888 [synonym]
†Semionotus formosus Woodward 1908
†Semionotus fultus Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Ischypterus macropterus Newberry 1888 [synonym]
†Semionotus gigas Newberry 1888
†Semionotus howelli Bock 1959
†Semionotus kapffi Fraas 1861
†Semionotus lineatus Newberry 1888
+
Invalid names: Semionotus alatus Newberry 1886 [synonym]
†Semionotus micropterus Newberry 1888
†Semionotus minutus Newberry 1888
†Semionotus normanniae Larsonneur 1964
†Semionotus ovatus Redfield 1841
†Semionotus parvus Redfield 1888
†Semionotus robustus Newberry 1888
†Semionotus tenuis Woodward 1890
Invalid names: Ischypterus Egerton 1847 [synonym], Semionotus gibbus Seebach 1866 [nomen nudum], Semionotus leptocephalus Agassiz 1833 [nomen dubium], Semionotus metcalfi Swinnerton 1928 [nomen dubium], Semionotus nilssoni Agassiz 1837 [nomen dubium], Semionotus trotti Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium]
G. †Tetragonolepis Bronn 1830
+
†Tetragonolepis bouei Agassiz 1833
†Tetragonolepis confluens Agassiz 1835
†Tetragonolepis discus Egerton 1853
†Tetragonolepis drosera Egerton 1853
†Tetragonolepis leachi Agassiz 1833
†Tetragonolepis leiosomus Agassiz 1836
†Tetragonolepis monilifer Agassiz 1836
†Tetragonolepis obscurus Münster 1841
†Tetragonolepis oldhami Egerton 1878
†Tetragonolepis ovalis Agassiz 1834
†Tetragonolepis pustulatus Agassiz 1836
†Tetragonolepis speciosus Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Homoeolepis Wagner 1860 [synonym], Pleurolepis Quenstedt 1852 [synonym]
G. †Tianfuichthys Su 1996
+
Invalid names: Lepidotidae Owen 1860 [synonym], Semionotus serratus Fraas 1861 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Semionotoidei
+
Invalid names: Hadrodontidae Thurmond and Jones 1981 [empty]
G. †Serrolepis Quenstedt 1852
G. †Sinosemionotus Yuan and Koh 1936
Fm. †Tungusichthyidae Berg 1941
+
G. †Tungusichthys Berg 1941
+
†Tungusichthys derjugini Sytchevskaya 1999
Invalid names: Dapediiformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2004-08-17 14:52:40
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:42
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Roadian to the top of the Holocene or 272.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 268.8 Ma

Collections (1171 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ufimian - Late/Upper Kazanian279.5 - 268.0Russian Federation (Udmurtia) Acentrophorus sp., Acentrophorus varians (187322)
Late/Upper Kazanian272.5 - 268.0Russian Federation Acentrophorus varians (197540)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8Russian Federation Acentrophorus varians (109484 197598 197601 198777)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Germany Acentrophorus glaphyurus (130273 130276)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17United Kingdom Acentrophorus glaphyurus (131704) Acentrophorus varians (131701) Acentrophorus varians, Acentrophorus abbsi (131700 131702)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Italy (Trentino Alto Adige) Acentrophorus robustus (232567)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17United Kingdom (England) Palaeoniscus glaphyrus (90263 90264 90265 90266 90267 90268 90270 90273) Palaeoniscus varians, Palaeoniscus abbsii (122376)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17United Kingdom (Durham) Acentrophorus altus (232568) Acentrophorus glaphyurus (131707 131709) Palaeoniscus glaphyrus (130868)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) Archaeolepidotus leonardii (116442)
Induan252.17 - 251.2Italy (Trentino Alto-Adige) Archaeolepidotus leonardii (90275)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Tungusichthys acentrophoroides, Tungusichthys derjugini (103638)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Svalbard and Jan Mayen Semionotus sp. (153410)
Spathian - Bithynian251.3 - 242.0Australia (New South Wales) Semionotus australis, Semionotus tenuis, Pristisomus gracilis, Pristisomus latus, Pristisomus crassus (131926)
Aegean247.2 - 242.0France (Bas-Rhin) Pericentrophorus minimus (206491)
Aegean247.2 - 242.0France (Moselle) Pericentrophorus minimus (206489 206490)
Aegean - Bithynian247.2 - 242.0Slovenia Eosemionotus sp. (166625)
Bithynian247.2 - 242.0USA (Nevada) Paralepidotus sp. (93564)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Italy Lepidotus sp., Tetragonolepis sp. (149323)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Niedersachsen) Eosemionotus vogeli (139348)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Germany Allolepidotus vogelii (139870) Eosemionotus sp. (139864) Eosemionotus vogeli (200085)