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Taxonomy
Culicoidea was named by Meigen (1818). It is extant.
It was assigned to Culicomorpha by Kalugina (1985), Hong (2002) and Yeates et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Culicomorpha by Kalugina (1985), Hong (2002) and Yeates et al. (2007).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1818 | Culicoidea Meigen p. XXXIII |
| 1985 | Culicoidea Kalugina p. 65 |
| 2002 | Culicoidea Hong p. 160 |
| 2007 | Culicoidea Yeates et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Culicoidea Meigen 1818
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Fm. Chaoboridae Edwards 1920 [phantom midge]
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G. †Chachotosha Lukashevich 1996
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†Chachotosha perplexus Lukashevich 1996
†Chachotosha probatus Lukashevich 1996
Subfm. Chaoborinae Edwards 1920
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G. Chaoborus Lichtenstein 1800
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†Chaoborus ciliatus Meunier 1904
†Chaoborus kishenehnicus Baranov and Haug 2021
†Chaoborus rarus Seredszus and Wichard 2009
†Chaoborus tertiarius von Heyden 1862
Invalid names: Corethra Meigen 1803 [synonym], Culicites von Heyden 1862 [synonym]
G. Mochlonyx Loew 1844
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†Mochlonyx secundus Seredszus and Wichard 2009
†Mochlonyx sepultus Loew 1844
Invalid names: Mochlonyx atavus Loew 1861 [nomen nudum]
G. †Chaoburmus Lukashevich 2000
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†Chaoburmus amphilogos Lukashevich 2011
†Chaoburmus breviusculus Lukashevich 2000
†Chaoburmus victimaartis Lukashevich 2000
G. †Chironomaptera Ping 1928
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†Chironomaptera bucucunica Kalugina 1985
†Chironomaptera collessi Jell and Duncan 1986
†Chironomaptera gobiensis Cockerell 1924
†Chironomaptera karabonica Kalugina 1993
†Chironomaptera scobloi Kalugina 1985
†Chironomaptera vesca Kalugina 1980
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Invalid names: Petiolatendipes shouchangensis Lin 1980 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesotendipes Hong 1982 [objective synonym], Petiolatendipes Lin 1980 [synonym]
Subfm. †Chironomapterinae Kalugina 1974
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G. †Astrocorethra Kalugina 1986
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†Astrocorethra gurvanica Kalugina 1986
†Astrocorethra khukhmortica Kalugina 1986
†Astrocorethra mjangadica Kalugina 1986
G. †Hypsocorethra Kalugina 1985
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†Hypsocorethra jurassica Kalugina 1985
†Hypsocorethra toficola Kalugina 1985
G. †Mesocorethra Kalugina 1993
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†Mesocorethra cincta Lukashevich 2011
†Mesocorethra levis Kalugina 1993
G. †Praechaoborus Kalugina 1985
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†Praechaoborus tugnuicus Kalugina 1985
†Praechaoborus udaensis Kalugina 1985
Invalid names: Mesotendipedinae Hong 1982 [objective synonym]
G. †Gedanoborus Szadziewski and Giłka 2007
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†Gedanoborus kerneggeri Szadziewski and Giłka 2007
†Gedanoborus resinatus Seredszus and Wichard 2009
G. †Mesochaoborus Zhang et al. 1986
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†Mesochaoborus pallens Zhang et al. 1986
†Mesochaoborus zhangshanyingensis Hong 1984
G. †Rhaetomyia Rohdendorf 1962
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†Rhaetomyia herrigi Ansorge 1996
†Rhaetomyia necopinata Rohdendorf 1962
Invalid names: Corethra exita Scudder 1877 [nomen dubium], Dixamimidae Rohdendorf 1962 [synonym], Rhaetomyiidae Rohdendorf 1962 [synonym]
Fm. Corethrellidae Newman 1834 [frog biting midge]
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G. Corethrella Coquillett 1902
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Subg. Corethrella (Corethrella) Coquillett 1902
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†Corethrella (Corethrella) baltica Borkent 2008
†Corethrella (Corethrella) dominicana Borkent 2008
†Corethrella (Corethrella) miocaenica Szadziewski et al. 1994
†Corethrella (Corethrella) nudistyla Borkent and Szadziewski 1992
†Corethrella (Corethrella) prisca Borkent and Szadziewski 1992
†Corethrella (Corethrella) rovnoensis Baranov and Kvifte 2016
†Corethrella (Corethrella) sontagae Baranov and Kvifte 2016
Subg. †Corethrella (Fossicorethrella) Szadziewski 1995
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†Corethrella (Fossicorethrella) cretacea Szadziewski 1995
Subg. Corethrella (Notocorethrella) Belkin 1968
†Corethrella andersoni Poinar and Szadziewski 2007
†Corethrella patula Baranov and Kvifte 2019
Fm. Culicidae Meigen 1818 [mosquito]
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Subfm. Anophelinae Bassi 1900
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G. Anopheles Meigen 1818
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Subg. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Blanchard 1902
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†Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus Zavortink and Poinar 2000
†Anopheles rottensis Statz 1944
Subfm. †Burmaculicinae Borkent and Grimaldi 2016
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Subfm. Culicinae Meigen 1818
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Tr. Aedini Neveu-Lemaire 1902
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G. Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribalzaga 1891
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†Ochlerotatus protolepis Cockerell 1915
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Invalid names: Culex petrifactellus Cockerell 1915 [synonym]
†Ochlerotatus serafini Szadziewski 1998
Invalid names: Taeniorhynchus Lynch Arribalzaga 1891 [synonym]
Tr. Culicini Meigen 1818
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G. Culex Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Culex (Neoculex) Dyar 1905
Culex annulirostris Skuse 1889
†Culex damnatorum Scudder 1890
†Culex ekaterinae Giłka et al. 2021
†Culex erikae Szadziewski and Szadziewska 1985
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Invalid names: Aedes perkunas Podenas 1999 [synonym]
†Culex flavus Gistl 1831
†Culex malariager Poinar 2005
†Culex protorhinus Cockerell 1915
†Culex vectensis Edwards 1923
†Culex winchesteri Cockerell 1919
Tr. Culisetini Belkin 1962
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G. Culiseta Felt 1904
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†Culiseta gedanica Szadziewski and Giłka 2011
†Culiseta kishenehn Harbach and Greenwalt 2012
†Culiseta lemniscata Harbach and Greenwalt 2012
Tr. Mansoniini Belkin 1962
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G. Coquillettidia Dyar 1905
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Subg. Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) Dyar 1905
†Coquillettidia cockerelli Edwards 1923
Tr. Toxorhynchitini Theobald 1905
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G. Toxorhynchites Theobald 1901 [elephant mosquito]
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Subg. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) Theobald 1901
G. †Neoculicites Evenhuis 1994
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†Neoculicites arvernensis Piton 1936
†Neoculicites ceyx von Heyden 1870
†Neoculicites depereti Meunier 1915
Invalid names: Culicites Meunier 1915 [replaced]
Fm. Dixidae Van der Wulp 1877 [meniscus midge]
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G. Dixella Dyar and Shannon 1924
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†Dixella curvistyla Greenwalt and Moulton 2016
†Dixella distans Hennig 1966
†Dixella eomarginata Greenwalt and Moulton 2016
†Dixella filiforceps Hennig 1966
†Dixella intacta Greenwalt and Moulton 2016
Dixella lirio Dyar and Shannon 1924
†Dixella priscula Cockerell 1921
†Dixella spinilobata Greenwalt and Moulton 2016
†Dixella succinea Meunier 1906
Invalid names: Paradixa Tonnoir 1924 [synonym]
G. †Eucorethrina Kalugina 1985
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†Eucorethrina convexa Lukashevich 1996
†Eucorethrina flexa Kalugina 1985
†Eucorethrina westwoodi Lukashevich et al. 2001
G. †Syndixa Lukashevich 1996
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†Syndixa liasina Lukashevich 1996
†Syndixa mollis Lukashevich 1996
†Syndixa sibirica Lukashevich 1996
Invalid names: Dixa cimbrica Ansorge 1992 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Collections (142 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ladinian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Triassomyia shcherbakovi (228748) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Kyrgyzstan (Tonskiy) | Rhaetomyia necopinata (105086) Syndixa liasina (105084) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Rhaetomyia herrigi (114993) | |
| Toarcian - Aalenian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Chironomaptera bucucunica (125475) | |
| Bajocian - Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Eucorethrina flexa, Syndixa sibirica, Syndixa mollis, Helokrenia nana, Chaoborites argillaceus (118010) | |
| Callovian - Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Dixamima villosa (122331) Eucorethrina sp. (105426) | |
| Oxfordian | Russian Federation (Buryatia) | Hypsocorethra jurassica (123195) Hypsocorethra sp. (123147) | |
| Oxfordian | Russian Federation (Buryat) | Praechaoborus tugnuicus (105017) | |
| Oxfordian | Russian Federation (Chita) | Chaoboridae indet. (125499) | |
| Oxfordian | Russian Federation | Praechaoborus tugnuicus (123219) | |
| Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | Russian Federation (Chita) | Chironomaptera scobloi (114661) | |
| Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | Russian Federation (Buryat) | Hypsocorethra toficola (114614) Praechaoborus udaensis, Hypsocorethra toficola (104950) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | Russian Federation (Chita) | Chaoboridae indet. (143412) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | Russian Federation | Chaoboridae indet., Chironomaptera bucucunica (114317) | |
| Tithonian | Mongolia | Chaoburmus amphilogos (121394) Mesocorethra cincta, Eucorethrina convexa (104748) | |
| Tithonian | Russian Federation (Chita) | Baleiomyia discussoria, Mesocorethra levis (114307 123197) Mesocorethra levis (125407) | |
| Tithonian | Russian Federation | Praechaoborus sp. (125408) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Culicoidea indet. (123144) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Eucorethrina westwoodi (118914) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Dixidae indet. (104003) Eucorethrina westwoodi (103833) | |
| Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Chaoboridae indet. (160652) | |
| Berriasian - Barremian | Russian Federation (Yakutiya) | Eucorethrina sp. (110818) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Chaoboridae indet. (106281) | |
| Hauterivian | China (Gansu) | Chironomaptera sp. 1 (140463) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | Lebanon | Corethrella cretacea (124276) Libanoborus lukashevichi, Libanoculex intermedius (122471) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | China (Nei Mongol) | Mesotendipes gregaria (154967) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | China (Hebei) | Leptoplecia zhangshanyingensis (155168) | |
| Aptian | China (Jilin) | Chironomaptera gregaria (151876 172391) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Buryatia) | Chaoboridae indet. (113350) | |
| Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Chironomaptera gregaria (151536 151537) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia (Gobi-Altai aimak) | Astrocorethra khukhmortica, Chironomaptera gobiensis, Chironomaptera vesca (104055) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Chita) | Chaoboridae indet. (138149) Chironomaptera gregaria (138147 138148) Chironomaptera karabonica (126001) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation | Chironomaptera gregaria (138145 138146) Chironomaptera karabonica (124811 138144) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia (Govi-Altai) | Astrocorethra gurvanica (136044) Astrocorethra gurvanica, Chironomaptera gobiensis, Chironomaptera vesca (136021) Chironomaptera gobiensis, Chironomaptera vesca (136020) Chironomaptera sp., Chironomaptera gobiensis, Chironomaptera vesca (122332) | |
| Aptian | China (Gansu) | Chironomaptera gregaria (154779) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia (Kobdo aimak) | Astrocorethra mjangadica (104054) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia | Astrocorethra mjangadica (136715) Chironomaptera gobiensis (105796) Chironomaptera gregaria (151591 151600) Chironomaptera vesca (151592 151595 151599) Chironomopsis gobiensis (138728) | |
| Aptian | China (Shandong) | Chironomaptera gregaria (154892 154893 154894 156554 156555) Chironomaptera gregaria, Chironomaptera vesca (106313) Chironomaptera melanura (156601) Petiolatendipes shouchangensis, Mesochaoborus zhangshanyingensis, Mesochaoborus pallens (125196) Samarura gregaria (156598 164772) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Australia (Victoria) | Dixidae indet., Chironomaptera collessi (77192) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Russian Federation (Chita) | Chironomaptera vesca (119499) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Mongolia (Ara-Hangayn aymag) | Chachotosha probatus, Chachotosha perplexus (123464) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | China (Anhui) | Chironomaptera melanura (155595 155609) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | China (Zhejiang) | Chironomaptera melanura (155610) Petiolatendipes shouchangensis (155603) | |
| Albian | Jordan | Jordanobotomus faigi (124847) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Burmaculex antiquus, Corethrella patula (111688) Chaoburmus breviusculus, Chaoburmus victimaartis (123020) Corethrella andersoni (187929) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar (Kachin) | Burmaculex antiquus (123113) Corethrella andersoni, Priscoculex burmanicus (104053) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Taimyborus aequiarticulatus (35051) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arizona) | Culicidae indet. (24915) | |
| Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Paleoculicis minutus (34896) | |
| Ypresian | Denmark | Dixa cimbrica (123796) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Colorado) | Culex winchesteri (105005) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Colorado) | Corethra exita (121146) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Culex damnatorum (122090) Culicidae indet. (187757) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Mississippi) | Chaoboridae indet. (157347) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Montana) | Chaoborus kishenehnicus, Culex sp. (224195) Culiseta kishenehn (135664) Culiseta kishenehn, Culiseta lemniscata, Dixella eomarginata, Dixella spinilobata (135666) Culiseta kishenehn, Dixella curvistyla (135665) Culiseta sp. (151911) Dixella intacta (183409) | |
| Priabonian | Poland | Aedes serafini, Aedes serafini, Gedanoborus kerneggeri, Coquillettidia gedanica, Coquillettidia adamowiczi, Corethrella miocaenica (110737) Dixa minuta, Paradixa filiforceps, Paradixa distans, Mochlonyx sepultus (109625) | |
| Priabonian | Ukraine | Corethrella sontagae, Corethrella rovnoensis (122997) Culex ekaterinae (209304) Culiseta gedanica (216854) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Culex protorhinus, Aedes protolepis, Dixella priscula (21976) Culex protorhinus, Dixa priscula, Aedes protolepis (123960) Dixidae indet., Aedes sp., Culex protolepis, Culex protorhinus, Culex petrifactellus, Culex vectensis, Taeniorhynchus cockerelli (123959) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Aedes damzeni, Gedanoborus resinatus, Palaeomochlonyx aestimabilis (110735) Aedes perkunas (140808) Culex erikae (123221) Dixa minuta (123420) Dixa succinea, Mochlonyx sepultus, Corethra ciliata (123927) Gedanoborus resinatus (124468) Mochlonyx secundus (120814) Paradixa succinea (123926) | |
| Priabonian | Germany (Halle) | Corethrella miocaenica (152040) Corethrella prisca (129227) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation | Culex erikae, Culiseta gedanica, Coquillettidia sp., Aedes hoffeinsorum, Chaoborus rarus, Palaeomochlonyx aestimabilis (123419) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Germany | Culex sp. (169856) | |
| MP 23 | France | Culicinae indet. (123913) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Culex sp. (122407) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Culicites ceyx (138696) | |
| MP 30 | Germany | Culex sp., Culicites tertiarius, Culex ceyx (123945) | |
| Chattian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Dixa hyalipennis, Culicites depereti (122488) | |
| Chattian | Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) | Anopheles rottensis, Mansonia martinii, Mansonia varivestita (122010) | |
| Chattian | France (Bouches-Du-Rhone) | Eriopterites tertiaria (113712) | |
| Aquitanian | New Zealand | Chaoboridae indet. (50035) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Spain (Castellon) | Chaoboridae indet. (225781) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Toxorhynchites mexicanus (125757) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico | Culiseta sp., Ochlerotatus sp. 1, Ochlerotatus sp. 2 (21977) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Anopheles dominicanus (122472) Anopheles sp., Culiseta sp., Corethrella nudistyla, Corethrella dominicana (122982) Culex malariager (124475) | |
| Middle Miocene | Australia (New South Wales) | Chaoborus sp. (224044) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | Culex sp., Aedes sp. (154909) | |
| Gelasian | France | Culicites arvernensis (113996) | |
| Holocene | Brazil | Culex flavus (155717) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Culex loewi (129861) | |
| Holocene | French Polynesia (Austral Islands) | Culex annulirostris (143893) |