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Cygninae (swan)
Taxonomy
Cygninini was named as a tribe. It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Cygninae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Brodkorb (1964), Kurochkin (1968) and Howard (1972); it was misspelled as Cygnini by Matsuoka et al. (2001); it was corrected as Cygnini by Livezey and Martin (1988), Louchart et al. (2008), Gonzalez et al. (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was assigned to Anatidae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Brodkorb (1964), Kurochkin (1968) and Howard (1972); and to Anserinae by Livezey and Martin (1988), Matsuoka et al. (2001), Louchart et al. (2008), Gonzalez et al. (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was reranked as the subfamily Cygninae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Brodkorb (1964), Kurochkin (1968) and Howard (1972); it was misspelled as Cygnini by Matsuoka et al. (2001); it was corrected as Cygnini by Livezey and Martin (1988), Louchart et al. (2008), Gonzalez et al. (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was assigned to Anatidae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Brodkorb (1964), Kurochkin (1968) and Howard (1972); and to Anserinae by Livezey and Martin (1988), Matsuoka et al. (2001), Louchart et al. (2008), Gonzalez et al. (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1930 | Cygninae Hay p. 300 |
| 1933 | Cygninae Lambrecht p. 379 |
| 1940 | Cygninae Wetmore p. 19 |
| 1956 | Cygninae Wetmore p. 24 |
| 1964 | Cygninae Brodkorb p. 208 |
| 1968 | Cygninae Kurochkin p. 92 |
| 1972 | Cygninae Howard p. 9 |
| 1988 | Cygnini Livezey and Martin p. 208 |
| 2001 | Cygnini Matsuoka et al. p. 1 |
| 2008 | Cygnini Louchart et al. p. 158 |
| 2009 | Cygnini Gonzalez et al. |
| 2014 | Cygnini del Hoyo et al. |
| 2020 | Cygnini Worthy and Nguyen p. 76 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Cygninae [swan]
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G. †Cygnanser Kretzoi 1957
G. Cygnus Garsault 1764
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Subg. Cygnus (Olor) Wagler 1832
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†Cygnus (Olor) mariae Bickart 1990
Subg. Olor (Clangocycnus) Oberholser 1908
Subg. Olor (Olor) Wagler 1832
†Olor matthewi Schufeldt 1913
Subg. Cygnus (Sthenelides) Stejneger 1884
Cygnus atratus Latham 1790 [black swan]
Cygnus buccinator Richardson 1832 [trumpeter swan]
Cygnus columbianus Ord 1815 [tundra swan]
Cygnus columbianus bewickii Yarrell 1830 [Bewick's swan]
†Cygnus csakvarensis Lambrecht 1933
†Cygnus equitum Bate 1916
†Cygnus falconeri Parker 1865
†Cygnus herenthalsi Van Beneden 1873
†Cygnus hibbardi Brodkorb 1958
†Cygnus matthewi Shufeldt 1913
Cygnus melancoryphus Molina 1782 [Black-necked swan]
Cygnus olor Gmelin 1789 [mute swan]
†Cygnus pristinus Kurochkin 1971
†Cygnus sumnerensis Forbes 1889
†Cygnus sumnerensis chathamensis Oliver 1955
G. †Megalodytes
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subf = subfamily, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Sedinger 1997 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.44 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.44 Ma
Collections (71 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquitanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cygnini indet. (21371) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Megalodytes morejohni (13297) | |
| Sarmatian | Moldova | Cygnus sp. (57734) | |
| Tortonian | Japan (Gunma) | Annakacygna hajimei (200052) Megalodytes sp. (56950) | |
| Tortonian | Belgium (Flanders) | Cygnus herenthalsi (67026) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cygnus mariae (200705) | |
| Messinian | Chad | Afrocygnus chauvireae (78334 192295) | |
| Zanclean | Australia (Queensland) | Cygnus atratus (182159) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Cygnus columbianus (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Cygnus sp. (39409) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Oregon) | Cygnus hibbardi (226540) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Idaho) | Cygnus hibbardi (181255) | |
| Pliocene | Ukraine (Odessa) | Cygnus sp. (76502) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Idaho) | Cygnus hibbardi (176410) Cygnus sp. (176409) | |
| Piacenzian | Australia (Victoria) | Cygnus sp. (70574) | |
| MN 17 | France (Haute-Loire) | Cygnus sp. (47133) | |
| MN 17 | France (Rhone-Alpes) | Cygnus sp. (47150) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Anser sp. (58420) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Wales) | Cygnus bewickii (124958) | |
| Pleistocene | Malta | Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus musicus (190860) | |
| Pleistocene | Australia (South Australia) | Cygnus sp. (28298) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Cygnus buccinator (20400) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Cygnus columbianus (20327) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Spain (Valencia) | Cygnus olor (221421) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greece | Cygnus olor (187637 194474) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Cygnus cygnus (197926) Cygnus equitum (197927) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Holocene | United Kingdom | Cygnus bewickii (197163) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Olor buccinator, Olor columbianus (154773) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Mexico) | Cygnus sp. (192627) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Montana) | Olar buccinator (93182) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | New Zealand (North Otago) | Cygnus atratus (87789) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Jordan | Cygnus sp. (197945) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Cygnus columbianus (20273 44954 190077) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Cygnus columbianus (154771) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | Cygnus olor (197768) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Cygnus columbianus (20613) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Cygnus buccinator, Sthenelides paloregonus (93251) Olor paloregonus (176222) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | China (Hubei) | Cygnus sp. (92787) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Alabama) | Cygnus sp. (84181) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation | Cygnus bewickii (175940) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Olor columbianus (104675) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand | Cygnus atratus (100554 194618 194619) Cygnus sumnerensis (198108 198194 198206 198207 198212) | |
| Holocene | Finland | Cygnus cygnus (177177) Cygnus sp. (209152 209160) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Nunavut) | Cygnus sp., Cygnus buccinator (228927) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Cygnus buccinator, Cygnus columbianus (228921) Cygnus columbianus (228444) Cygnus sp. (228492) | |
| Holocene | USA (Illinois) | Olor buccinator (195051 195054) Olor buccinator, Olor columbianus (195052) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Cygnus buccinator (195066) | |
| Holocene | USA (Alaska) | Olor columbianus (220460) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand (North Island) | Cygnus atratus (215544) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Cygnus sumnerensis (215392) |