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Vulpini

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Vulpini Hemprich and Ehrenberg
2005Vulpini Clark, Jr. p. 1
2007Vulpini de Bonis et al.
2008Vulpini Tedford and Wang p. 273
2008Vulpini Wang et al.
2009Vulpini Tedford et al. p. 47
2013Vulpini Hartstone-Rose et al.
2021Vulpini Bartolini Lucenti
2022Vulpini Ruiz-Ramoni et al. p. 101

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
subfamilyCaninaeGill 1872
tribeVulpiniHemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
tribeVulpiniHemprich and Ehrenberg 1832

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. Vulpini Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
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G. †Ferrucyon Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2020
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†Ferrucyon avius Torres and Ferrusquia 1981
G. †Metalopex Tedford and Wang 2008
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†Metalopex bakeri Tedford et al. 2009
†Metalopex macconnelli Tedford et al. 2009
†Metalopex merriami Tedford and Wang 2008
G. Otocyon Müller 1835 [bat-eared fox]
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Otocyon megalotis Desmarest 1822 [bat-eared fox]
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Invalid names: Agriodus auritus Smith 1840 [objective synonym], Canis lalandii Desmoulins 1823 [objective synonym], Otocyon caffer Müller 1836 [objective synonym], Otocyon steinhardti Zukowsky 1924 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Otocyon canescens Cabrera 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriodus Smith 1840 [objective synonym]
G. †Prototocyon Pohle 1928
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†Prototocyon recki Pohle 1928
G. Urocyon Baird 1857 [gray fox]
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775 [gray fox]
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus Allen and Barbour 1923
Invalid names: Canis virginianus Schreber 1775 [synonym], Urocyon californicus Merriam 1899 [synonym], Urocyon guatemalae Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon parvidens Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon seminolensis Simpson 1929 [synonym]
†Urocyon citrinus Tedford et al. 2009
†Urocyon galushai Tedford et al. 2009
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Invalid names: Urocyon atwaterensis Getz 1960 [synonym]
Urocyon littoralis Baird 1857 [island gray fox]
†Urocyon minicephalus Martin 1974
†Urocyon progressus Stevens 1965
†Urocyon webbi Tedford et al. 2009
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Diet 2: omnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 19:28:06
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemingfordian to the top of the Holocene or 20.43000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 12.5 Ma

Collections (90 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Hemingfordian - Barstovian20.43 - 12.5USA (Oregon) Metalopex merriami (18864)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Arizona) Metalopex macconnelli (19429 19436) Vulpes sp. (19603)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Metalopex merriami (19393)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Urocyon sp. (18554)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Metalopex macconnelli (188943)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Metalopex bakeri (18072)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nevada) Metalopex merriami (19095)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Metalopex merriami (18431)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) Metalopex macconnelli (188945)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Idaho) Metalopex merriami, Vulpes sp. (19085)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Vulpes sp. (18601)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Kansas) Urocyon progressus (19936)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20102 20122)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Baja California Sur) Cerdocyon avius (19673 154118)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Arizona) Urocyon sp. (19656)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Texas) Urocyon galushai (20033) Urocyon progressus (20051) Urocyon sp. (20060)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania Otocyon sp. (21818)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Prototocyon recki (230224)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Kansas) Urocyon atwaterensis (19927)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Urocyon sp. (20384)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Otocyon sp., Otocyon megalotis (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Otocyon megalotis (21956) Otocyon recki (21825) Otocyon sp. (21920)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (65405)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Zambia Otocyon megalotis (21924)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (Texas) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (93258)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Virginia) Urocyon sp. (104698)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Urocyon minicephalus (20289 20415) Urocyon sp. (20385 20400)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20477 20559)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Pennsylvania) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20354 20479)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nebraska) Urocyon sp. (20500)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Mexico (Aguascalientes) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20283)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arkansas) Urocyon sp. (20290)
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean1.8 - 0.012USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20323)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Otocyon megalotis (21277) Otocyon sp. (21276)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20491 195112)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Urocyon californicus (150336) Urocyon sp. (200313)
Rancholabrean - Holocene0.3 - 0.0USA (California) Urocyon littoralis (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20573 20594 20634 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon californicus (79630) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (73752) Urocyon townsendi (93250)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (76059 76060)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (124198)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Arizona) Urocyon sp. (85144)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon townsendi (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Urocyon sp. (93141)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20638 74292 154805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (74470)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Otocyon megalotis (115184)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Missouri) Urocyon sp. (93379)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Vulpini indet. (43632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (20600)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Urocyon seminolensis (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Urocyon sp. (20644)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Mississippi) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (93344)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (104689)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (104675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Otocyon megalotis (21896)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Urocyon littoralis (162157 231012)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (195062 195066)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Arizona) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (233123)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Otocyon megalotis (21690)