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Taxonomy
Pulvinitidae was named by Stephenson (1941). It is extant.
It was reranked as the family Pulvinitinae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pteriacea by Newell (1965) and Vokes (1980); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Malleoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pterioidea by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Malleidae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was reranked as the family Pulvinitinae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pteriacea by Newell (1965) and Vokes (1980); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Malleoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pterioidea by Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Malleidae by Carter et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1941 | Pulvinitidae Stephenson |
| 1965 | Pulvinitidae Newell p. 17 |
| 1980 | Pulvinitidae Vokes p. 45 |
| 2004 | Pulvinitidae Spencer et al. |
| 2006 | Pulvinitidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 229 |
| 2009 | Pulvinitidae Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Pulvinitidae Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Pulvinitinae Carter et al. p. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Pulvinitinae Stephenson 1941
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G. †Hypotrema
G. Pulvinites Blainville 1824
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†Pulvinites adansoni Blainville 1824
†Pulvinites californica Zinsmeister 1978
†Pulvinites pacifica Zinsmeister 1978
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Pliensbachian to the top of the Late/Upper Paleocene or 189.60000 to 55.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 183.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 183.0 Ma
Collections (22 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pliensbachian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Pulvinites liasicus (33780 33782) Pulvinites sp. (33735) | |
| Early/Lower Pliensbachian - Late/Upper Pliensbachian | Argentina (Neuquen) | Pulvinites liasicus (10701) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Hypotrema sp. (36553 36554 36556) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Hypotrema sp. (4084) | |
| Middle Oxfordian | France | Hypotrema sp. (11084) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Hypotrema sp. (34608) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Tennessee) | Pulvinites argentea (88357) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Mississippi) | Pulvinites argenteus (1303) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Arkansas) | Pulvinites argenteus (1302) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Georgia) | Pulvinites argenteus (1309) | |
| Maastrichtian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Pulvinites antarctica (1316 3161 63513 63518) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Pulvinites antarctica (3166 3169) | |
| Danian | France | Pulvinites dysporista (20816) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Virginia) | Pulvinites lawrencei (35062) |