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Gymnospermophyta

Synonyms
  • Squamae was named by Nathorst (1876). It is not extant.

    It was considered a nomen dubium by Andrews (1970).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Squamae Nathorst
1994Gymnospermophyta Cleal
1999Gymnospermophyta Hilton and Edwards

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumGymnospermophytaCleal 1994
RankNameAuthor
phylumGymnospermophytaCleal 1994

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ph. †Gymnospermophyta Cleal 1994
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G. †Accintisporites Leschik 1955
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†Accintisporites exundatus Leschik 1955
†Accintisporites legatus Leschik 1955
G. †Alisporites Daugherty 1941
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†Alisporites alimentosus Krassilov 1982
†Alisporites australis De Jersey and Hamilton 1967
†Alisporites baskoensis Sah and Jain 1965
†Alisporites elongatus Kemp 1970
†Alisporites grandis Dettmann 1963
†Alisporites grauvogeli Klaus 1964
†Alisporites grobus Bharadwaj 1977
†Alisporites hemiglobosaccatus Sah and Jain 1965
†Alisporites indicus Bharadwaj and Srivastava 1969
†Alisporites lowoodensis de Jersey 1963
†Alisporites maximus Thiergart and Frantz 1962
†Alisporites minutus Rouse 1959
†Alisporites oblongus Maithy 1965
†Alisporites parvus Thiergart and Frantz 1962
†Alisporites phaselosaccatus Lakhanpal et al. 1959
†Alisporites rajmahalensis Sah and Jain 1965
†Alisporites similis Dettmann 1963
G. †Allicospermum Harris 1935
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†Allicospermum xystum Harris 1935
G. †Amdrupia Harris 1932
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†Amdrupia stenodonta Harris 1932
G. †Antarcticoxylon Seward 1914
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G. †Ashmoripollis Helby 1987
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†Ashmoripollis reducta Helby 1987
G. †Cedripites Woodhouse 1933
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†Cedripites canadensis Pocock 1962
†Cedripites cretaceus Pocock 1962
†Cedripites nudis Kar and Sah 1970
G. †Cerebropollenites Nilsson 1958
+
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Invalid names: Tsugaepollenites mesozoicus Couper 1958 [synonym]
†Cerebropollenites nilssonii Singh and Kumar 1969
G. †Cycadinoxylon Zalewska 1955
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†Cycadinoxylon czeczotti Zalewska 1955
G. †Darneya Schaarschmidt and Maubeuge 1969
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†Darneya pelata Schaarschmidt and Maubeuge 1969
G. †Decussosporites Brenner 1963
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G. †Dinophyton Ash 1970
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†Dinophyton spinosus Ash 1970
G. †Eddya Beck 1967
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†Eddya sullivanensis Beck 1967
G. †Embergerixylon Lemoigne 1968
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†Embergerixylon alpinum Lemoigne 1968
G. †Enzonalasporites Leschik 1955
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†Enzonalasporites tenuis Leschik 1956
†Enzonalasporites vigens Leschik 1955
G. †Exesipollenites Balme 1957
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G. †Falcisporites Leschik 1956
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†Falcisporites minutosaccus Kumaran and Maheshwari 1980
G. †Galeacornea Stover 1963 [elaterate]
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†Galeacornea causea Stover 1963 [elaterate]
†Galeacornea clavis Stover 1963 [elaterate]
†Galeacornea crassatus Pramparo et al. 2015
†Galeacornea guayaguensis Pramparo et al. 2015
G. †Indusiisporites Leschik 1955
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†Indusiisporites microsaccatus Kar and Sah 1970
G. †Ktalenia Archangelsky 1963
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†Ktalenia circularis Archangelsky 1963
Cl. †Lagenospermopsida Cleal 1994
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Or. †Elkinsiales Rothwell et al. 1989
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Fm. †Elkinsiaceae Rothwell et al. 1989
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G. †Xenotheca Arber and Goode 1915
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†Xenotheca devonica Arber and Goode 1915
G. †Lasiostrobus Taylor 1970
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†Lasiostrobus polysacci Taylor 1970
G. †Lobatoxylon Kraeusel 1956
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†Lobatoxylon pedroi Zeiller 1895
G. †Majsassia Sukhov 1969
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†Majsassia elliptica Sukhov 1969
G. †Menaispermae Pettitt and Lacey 1972
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†Menaispermae greenlyii Pettitt and Lacey 1972
G. †Minutosaccus Madler 1964
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G. †Paradoxoxylon Kraeusel 1955
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†Paradoxoxylon leuthardti Kraeusel 1955
G. †Parataxopitys Maniero 1951
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†Parataxopitys brasiliana Maniero 1951
G. †Parcisporites Leschik 1955
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G. †Perinopollenites Couper 1958
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G. †Pilasporites Balme 1956
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†Pilasporites brevis Sinha 1969
†Pilasporites marcidus Balme 1957
G. †Protocircoporoxylon Vogellehner 1967
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G. †Protopitys Goeppert 1850
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†Protopitys buchiana Goeppert 1850
G. †Protopolyporoxylon Vogellehner 1968
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G. †Prototaxodioxylon Vogellehner 1968
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G. †Pteridospermaexylon Greguss 1952
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G. †Reticulopitys Mueller-Stoll 1960
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†Reticulopitys suevica Mueller-Stoll 1960
G. †Rugubivesiculites Pierce 1961
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G. †Scotoxylon Vogellehner 1968
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†Scotoxylon hornei Seward and Bancroft 1913
G. †Shanbeipollenites Schrank 2004
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G. †Sofrepites Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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†Sofrepites legouxae Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
G. †Solenopitys Kraeusel and Dolianiti 1958
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†Solenopitys paulistana Kraeusel and Dolianiti 1958
G. †Solenoxylon Kraeusel 1956
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†Solenoxylon wissi Kraeusel 1956
G. †Striomonosaccites Bharadwaj 1962
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†Striomonosaccites circularis Bharadwaj and Salujha 1964
†Striomonosaccites invisus Maheshwari 1967
†Striomonosaccites ovatus Bharadwaj 1962
G. †Svalbardoxylon Vogellehner 1968
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†Svalbardoxylon johnsonii Schroter 1880
G. †Taeniopitys Kraeusel 1962
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†Taeniopitys scotti Kraeusel 1962
G. †Taxacites Reyre 1973
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†Taxacites sahariensis Reyre 1973
G. †Tordoxylon Kraeusel 1956
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†Tordoxylon steynspruitense Kraeusel 1956
G. †Trisocladus Archangelsky 1965
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†Trisocladus tigrensis Archangelsky 1965
G. †Tungussocarpus Sukhov 1969
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†Tungussocarpus tychtensis Zalessky 1937
G. †Yezonia Stopes and Fujii 1910
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†Yezonia vulgaris Stopes and Fujii 1910
G. †Yorkoxylon Vogellehner 1968
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†Yorkoxylon cedroides Holden 1913
Invalid names: Pteridospermopsida [empty], Squamae Nathorst 1876 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range: base of the Frasnian to the top of the Early/Lower Eocene or 382.70000 to 48.60000 Ma

Collections (754 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian387.7 - 382.4Belgium Pilasporites plurigenus (22904)
Early/Lower Frasnian - Late/Upper Devonian383.7 - 358.9USA (New York) Eddya sullivanensis (20840)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (New York) Eddya sp. (28750 28916)
Middle Famennian370.6 - 364.7USA (West Virginia) Xenotheca sp. (21198)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium (Namur) Xenotheca bertrandii (32277)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7France (SC Massif Central) Pteridospermopsida indet., G. Frond Type-1, G. Frond Type-2, G. Frond Type-3, G. Frond Type-4, G. Foliage Type-D, G. Cupule Type-A, G. Cupule Type-B, G. Cupule Type-C (21362)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7United Kingdom (Scotland) Protopitys scotica (21324)
Hastarian - Asbian358.9 - 336.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Protopitys scotica (10645)
Carboniferous - Permian358.9 - 251.902USA (Arizona) Alisporites sp. (10750)
Moscovian - Artinskian315.2 - 279.3USA (Arizona) Alisporites sp. (11170)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Antarctica Rugubivesiculites sp. A (153424)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Carolina) Perinopollenites spp. (233774 233775) Rugubivesiculites spp. (233533)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Alisporites bilateralis (67818)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Rugubivesiculites sp. (234014)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Alisporites grandis, Cedripites sp. (32522)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Aragón) Alisporites sp. (224902)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0China (Nei Mongol) Alisporites bilateralis, Cedripites parvisaccatus (71074)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Canada (British Columbia) Alisporites sp. (227994)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Cedripites spp. (11094 33762 33773 33778 33781 33786 33823)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Antarctica Alisporites tenuicorpus (169265 169266 169267 169269 169270 169272 169273 169274 169275)