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Formica
Taxonomy
Formica was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. It is the type genus of Formicini, Formicinae, Formicariae.
It was assigned to Insecta by Geoffroy (1762); to Aculeata by Scopoli (1763); to Gymnoptera by Schaeffer (1766); to Synistata by Fabricius (1775); to Hymenoptera by Linnaeus (1758), Linnaeus (1761), Müller (1764), Linnaeus (1767), Müller (1776) and Latreille (1796); to Piezata by Fabricius (1798); to Formicariae by Latreille (1802); to Formicidae by Scudder (1877), Pongrácz (1931) and Carpenter (1992); to Formicinae by Zhang (1989) and Dlussky et al. (2015); and to Formicini by Wheeler (1915), Bolton (2003), Bolton (2012), Ward et al. (2016) and Radchenko and Perkovsky (2021).
It was assigned to Insecta by Geoffroy (1762); to Aculeata by Scopoli (1763); to Gymnoptera by Schaeffer (1766); to Synistata by Fabricius (1775); to Hymenoptera by Linnaeus (1758), Linnaeus (1761), Müller (1764), Linnaeus (1767), Müller (1776) and Latreille (1796); to Piezata by Fabricius (1798); to Formicariae by Latreille (1802); to Formicidae by Scudder (1877), Pongrácz (1931) and Carpenter (1992); to Formicinae by Zhang (1989) and Dlussky et al. (2015); and to Formicini by Wheeler (1915), Bolton (2003), Bolton (2012), Ward et al. (2016) and Radchenko and Perkovsky (2021).
Species
F. alsatica, F. annosa, F. arcana, F. auxillacensis, F. bauckhorni, F. biamoensis, F. buphthalma, F. cantalica, F. ceps, F. cockerelli, F. demersa, F. eoptera, F. flavifemoralis, F. flori (syn. F. (Serviformica) parvula, F. (Serviformica) baltica, F. egecomerta, F. (Serviformica) antiqua), F. fusca, F. globiventris, F. grandis, F. gravida, F. gustawi, F. heteroptera, F. horrida, F. immersa, F. kutscheri, F. latinodosa, F. lavateri, F. linquensis, F. longicollis, F. macrocephala, F. macrophthalma, F. maculipennis, F. martynovi, F. neorufibarbis, F. obscura, F. orbata, F. ovala, F. palaeopolonica, F. paleosibirica, F. parexsecta, F. phaethusa (syn. F. clymene), F. pitoni, F. primitiva, F. primordialis, F. procera, F. pulchella, F. radchenkoi, F. ribbeckei, F. robusta, F. sepulta, F. serresi, F. seuberti, F. strangulata, F. surinamensis, F. tripartita, F. ungeri (syn. F. aemula, F. kollari, F. redtenbacheri, Ponera elongatula, F. acuminata, F. oblita), F. zherikhini
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Formica Linnaeus p. 579 |
| 1761 | Formica Linnaeus p. 426 |
| 1762 | Formica Geoffroy p. 410 |
| 1763 | Formica Scopoli p. 312 |
| 1764 | Formica Müller p. 75 |
| 1766 | Formica Schaeffer |
| 1767 | Formica Linnaeus p. 962 |
| 1775 | Formica Fabricius p. 391 |
| 1776 | Formica Müller p. 166 |
| 1796 | Formica Latreille p. 120 |
| 1798 | Formica Fabricius p. 279 |
| 1802 | Formica Latreille p. 353 |
| 1877 | Formica Scudder |
| 1913 | Formica (Serviformica) Forel |
| 1915 | Formica Wheeler |
| 1931 | Formica Pongrácz p. 115 |
| 1989 | Formica Zhang p. 286 |
| 1992 | Formica Carpenter |
| 2003 | Formica Bolton p. 28 |
| 2012 | Formica Bolton |
| 2015 | Formica Dlussky et al. p. 137 |
| 2016 | Formica Ward et al. p. 346 |
| 2021 | Formica Radchenko and Perkovsky p. 240 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Formica Linnaeus 1758
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†Formica alsatica Theobald 1937
†Formica annosa LaPolla and Greenwalt 2015
†Formica arcana Scudder 1877
†Formica auxillacensis Piton 1935
†Formica bauckhorni Meunier 1915
†Formica biamoensis Dlussky et al. 2015
†Formica buphthalma Novák 1878
†Formica cantalica Piton 1935
†Formica ceps Zhang 1989
†Formica cockerelli Carpenter 1930
†Formica demersa Heer 1849
†Formica eoptera Cockerell 1923
†Formica flavifemoralis Zhang et al. 1994
†Formica flori Mayr 1868
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Invalid names: Formica (Serviformica) antiqua Dlussky 1967 [synonym], Formica (Serviformica) baltica Dlussky 1967 [synonym], Formica (Serviformica) parvula Dlussky 1967 [synonym], Formica egecomerta Özdikmen 2010 [synonym]
Formica fusca Linnaeus 1758
†Formica globiventris Heer 1849
†Formica grandis Carpenter 1930
†Formica gravida Heer 1849
†Formica gustawi Dlussky 2002
†Formica heteroptera Cockerell 1920
†Formica horrida Wheeler 1915
†Formica immersa Heer 1849
†Formica kutscheri Dlussky 2008
†Formica latinodosa Theobald 1937
†Formica lavateri Heer 1849
†Formica linquensis Zhang 1989
†Formica longicollis Heer 1849
†Formica macrocephala Heer 1849
†Formica macrophthalma Heer 1849
†Formica maculipennis Théobald 1935
†Formica martynovi Popov 1933
Formica neorufibarbis Emery 1893
†Formica obscura Heer 1849
†Formica orbata Heer 1849
†Formica ovala Zhang 1989
†Formica palaeopolonica Dlussky 2008
†Formica paleosibirica Dlussky et al. 2015
†Formica parexsecta Dlussky and Putyatina 2014
†Formica pitoni Théobald 1935
†Formica primitiva Heer 1849
†Formica primordialis Heer 1849
†Formica procera Heer 1849
†Formica pulchella Heer 1849
†Formica radchenkoi Dlussky 2008
†Formica ribbeckei Radchenko and Perkovsky 2021
†Formica robusta Carpenter 1930
†Formica sepulta Theobald 1937
†Formica serresi Theobald 1937
†Formica seuberti Heer 1849
†Formica strangulata Wheeler 1915
†Formica surinamensis Berendt 1830
†Formica tripartita Theobald 1937
†Formica ungeri Heer 1849
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Invalid names: Formica acuminata Heer 1849 [synonym], Formica aemula Heer 1867 [synonym], Formica kollari Heer 1867 [synonym], Formica oblita Heer 1867 [synonym], Formica redtenbacheri Heer 1849 [synonym], Ponera elongatula Heer 1849 [synonym]
†Formica zherikhini Dlussky 2008
Invalid names: Serviformica Forel 1913 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available